Oligohymenophorea

Oligohymenophorea
Paramecium aurelia (Order Peniculida)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
(unranked):	SAR
Superphylum:	Alveolata
Phylum:	Ciliophora
Class:	Oligohymenophorea de Puytorac et al. 1974
Typical orders
Subclass Peniculia     Peniculida Subclass Hymenostomatia     Hymenostomatida Subclass Scuticociliatia     Philasterida     Pleuronematida     Thigmotrichida Subclass Astomatia     Astomatida Subclass Apostomatia     Apostomatida     Astomatophorida     Pilisuctorida Subclass Peritrichia     Sessilida     Mobilida

The Oligohymenophorea are a large class of ciliate protozoa. There is typically a ventral groove containing the mouth and distinct oral cilia, separate from those of the body. These include a paroral membrane to the right of the mouth and membranelles, usually three in number, to its left. The cytopharynx is inconspicuous and never forms the complex cyrtos found in similar classes. Body cilia generally arise from monokinetids, with dikinetids occurring in limited distribution over part of the body.

In most groups the body cilia are uniform and often dense, while the oral cilia are inconspicuous and sometimes reduced, but among the peritrichs almost the opposite is the case. Members are widely distributed, and include many free-living (typically fresh-water, but many marine) and symbiotic forms. Most are microphagous, grazing on smaller organisms swept into the mouth by the cilia, but various other feeding habits occur. In one group, the astomes, the mouth and associated structures have been lost altogether.

The Oligoohymenophorea were first proposed in 1974 as one of three classes of ciliates, together with the Polyhymenophorea or spirotrichs and the now abandoned Kinetofragmophora. Since then the apostomes have been added, but otherwise its composition has remained relatively constant, with the main variations being the positions of the peniculids and plagiopylids.

References

• Puytorac, P. de, A. Batisse, J. Bohatier; J.O. Corliss, G. Deroux, P. Didier; J. Dragesco, G. Fryd-Versavel, J. Grain, C.-A. Grolière, R. Hovasse, F. Iftode, M. Laval, M. Rogue, A. Savoie, and M. Tuffrau. (1974). Proposition d'une classification du phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie de Sciences, Paris 278: 2799-2802.