Orange, New Jersey

Orange, New Jersey
Township
City of Orange Township

First Presbyterian Church

Map of City of Orange in Essex County. Inset: Location of Essex County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.

Census Bureau map of Orange, New Jersey
Coordinates: 40°46′05″N 74°14′08″W / 40.76804°N 74.235692°W / 40.76804; -74.235692Coordinates: 40°46′05″N 74°14′08″W / 40.76804°N 74.235692°W / 40.76804; -74.235692[1][2]
Country  United States
State  New Jersey
County Essex
Incorporated November 27, 1806 (as township)
Reincorporated April 3, 1872 (as city)
Government[3]
 • Type Faulkner Act Mayor-Council
 • Body City Council
 • Mayor Dwayne D. Warren (term ends June 30, 2016)[4][5]
 • Administrator [6]
 • Deputy Clerk Madeline F. Smith[6]
Area[1]
 • Total 2.201 sq mi (5.700 km2)
 • Land 2.199 sq mi (5.694 km2)
 • Water 0.002 sq mi (0.005 km2)  0.09%
Area rank 393rd of 566 in state
19th of 22 in county[1]
Elevation[7] 197 ft (60 m)
Population (2010 Census)[8][9][9][10][11]
 • Total 30,134
 • Estimate (2014)[12] 30,934
 • Rank 75th of 566 in state
8th of 22 in county[13]
 • Density 13,705.7/sq mi (5,291.8/km2)
 • Density rank 17th of 566 in state
3rd of 22 in county[13]
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 07050-07051[14]
Area code(s) 973[15]
FIPS code 3401313045[1][16][17]
GNIS feature ID 1729742[18]
Website www.ci.orange.nj.us

The City of Orange is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 30,134,[8][9][10] reflecting a decline of 2,734 (-8.3%) from the 32,868 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 2,943 (+9.8%) from the 29,925 counted in the 1990 Census.[19]

Orange was originally incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on November 27, 1806, from portions of Newark Township. Portions of the township were taken on April 14, 1834, to form the now-defunct Clinton Township. On January 31, 1860, Orange was reincorporated as a town. Portions of the town were taken to form South Orange Township (April 1, 1861, now known as Maplewood), Fairmount (March 11, 1862, now part of West Orange), East Orange Township (March 4, 1863) and West Orange Township (April 10, 1863). On April 3, 1872, Orange was reincorporated as a city.[20] In 1982, the city was one of four Essex County municipalities to pass a referendum to become a township, joining 11 municipalities that had already made the change, of what would ultimately be more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.[21][22][23][24][25] The city derives its name from William III of England[26] or William IV, Prince of Orange.[27]

Orange is often joined with neighboring East Orange, South Orange and West Orange and referred to as part of "the Oranges".

History

Orange had its origins in Connecticut's New Haven Colony. In 1666, a group of 30 of New Haven's families traveled by water to found "a town on the Passayak" River. They arrived on territory now encompassing Newark, the Oranges, and several other municipalities. The area was situated in the northeast portion of a land grant conveyed by King Charles II of England to his brother James, Duke of York. In 1664, James conveyed the land to two proprietors, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Since Carteret had been Royal Governor of the Isle of Jersey, the territory became known as "New Jersey."

Orange was initially a part of the city of Newark, but it was originally known as "Newark Mountains". On June 7, 1780, the townspeople of Newark Mountains officially voted to adopt the name Orange.[28] At the time, there was a significant number of people in favor of secession from Newark. However, this would not occur until November 27, 1806, when the territory now encompassing all of the Oranges was finally detached. On April 13, 1807, the first government was elected, but not until March 13, 1860 was Orange officially incorporated as a city. Immediately, the new city began fragmenting into smaller communities, primarily because of local disputes about the costs of establishing paid police, fire, and street departments. South Orange was organized on January 26, 1861; Fairmount (later to become part of West Orange) on March 11, 1862; East Orange on March 4, 1863; and West Orange (including Fairmount) on March 14, 1863.[20]

Orange is located on the Newark and Mount-Pleasant Turnpike, the main road from Newark to Morristown, and ultimately to Easton, Pennsylvania. The town became a busy thoroughfare for travelers, and hotels abounded. Initially, the stagecoach was the primary method of transportation. Omnibuses of the Eclipse and the Morris & Newark Lines serviced Orange. The Morris and Essex Railroad arrived in Orange in November 1836, its first cars drawn by horses. On October 2, 1837, the first steam locomotive appeared, and the horses were, with minor exception, relegated to pasture. The "M&E" later became a part of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W), which exists today as New Jersey Transit's Morristown Line. Trolley cars appeared much later, with the Orange and Newark Horse Car Railroad Company running its first car up Main Street in May 1862. The Orange Crosstown Line, eventually extending from Morris Street, Orange, to Bloomfield, was started in June 1888. (The first electric trolley in the State of New Jersey operated over a section of this line.) Eventually, all of the trolleys, and the buses that replaced them, became part of the sprawling Public Service Coordinated Transport System.

Orange was an industrial city from the outset. Early settlers found a profuse growth of hemlock trees, an ideal supply of tannic acid for the tanning industry, and boot and shoemaking factories soon flourished.

F. Berg & Co. hat factory building, built in 1907. The company left in the 1920s.

Orange was once the hatmaking capital of the United States. The industry can be traced there to 1792. By 1892, 21 firms were engaged in that trade, employing over 3,700 people in plants that produced about 4.8 million hats, which had a combined value in excess of $1 million. Several brothers founded the "No-Name Hat Company" in Orange before one of them moved on to make fedoras in Philadelphia under the family name, "Stetson." By 1921, however, only five hatmaking firms were left, and by 1960, all had departed for places such as Norwalk and Danbury, Connecticut.

Beer was a major revenue producer in Orange beginning in the early 1900s, when the three Winter Brothers of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, arrived in the city and built the first brewery. The Orange Brewery was constructed in 1901 at a reported cost of $350,000. The production of beer ceased with prohibition in 1920, and after the repeal of the Volstead Act in 1933, the brewery was sold to John F. Trommers of Philadelphia. Trommers brewed beer under that label until 1950, when the concern was again sold to Liebmann Breweries, Incorporated, which bottled Rheingold Beer. Eventually, after several additional owners, the plant was closed permanently in 1977.

Other notable firms located in Orange were the Monroe Calculating Company, manufacturers of the patented adding machines of the same name, and the Bates Manufacturing Company, producers of office accessories such as staplers and stampers. The United States Radium Corporation was a notorious resident of Orange. This firm refined ore and extracted the radium used to make luminous paint for dials and hands of watches and other indicators. It was only years later that the terrible carcinogenic effects of this material became known, and the polluted site of the factory became a thorn in the side of the city.[29]

Orange has produced such notables as baseball's Monte Irvin and heavyweight boxer Tony Galento. Actor William Bendix lived and worked here for a short while. Presidents, presidential candidates, and governors visited. Orange threw a grand party on its 100th anniversary, and another when it turned 150.

Once a multi-ethnic, economically diverse city, Orange suffered indirectly from the 1967 riots in Newark (even though Newark and Orange do not share a border) and directly from the construction of Interstate 280 through the heart of the downtown area, triggering middle-class "white flight" from aging industrial towns to the new automobile suburbs being built in western Essex County and elsewhere. By the end of the 1970s, Orange had many of the urban ills normally associated with larger cities.

In 1982, citizens voted overwhelmingly to change the designation of Orange from a city to a township, thereby making it eligible for federal Revenue Sharing funds.[25] In 1985, the State of New Jersey named Orange as a State Urban Enterprise Zone, creating tax breaks and investment incentives.[25] This program has since been phased out.[30]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 2.201 square miles (5.700 km2), including 2.199 square miles (5.694 km2) of land and 0.002 square miles (0.005 km2) of water (0.09%).[1][2]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18102,266—
18202,83024.9%
18303,88737.3%
18403,264*−16.0%
18504,38534.3%
18608,877102.4%
18709,348*5.3%
188013,20741.3%
189018,84442.7%
190024,14128.1%
191029,63022.7%
192033,26812.3%
193035,3996.4%
194035,7170.9%
195038,0376.5%
196035,789−5.9%
197032,566−9.0%
198031,136−4.4%
199029,925−3.9%
200032,8689.8%
201030,134−8.3%
Est. 201430,934[12][31]2.7%
Population sources: 1810-1920[32]
1840-1900[33] 1840[34] 1850-1870[35]
1850[36] 1870[37] 1880-1890[38]
1890-1910[39] 1860-1930[40]
1930-1990[41] 2000[42][43] 2010[8][9][10]
* = Lost territory in previous decade.[20]

2010 Census

At the 2010 United States Census, there were 30,134 people, 11,202 households, and 6,878 families residing in the township. The population density was 13,705.7 per square mile (5,291.8/km2). There were 12,222 housing units at an average density of 5,558.9 per square mile (2,146.3/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 12.80% (3,857) White, 71.83% (21,645) Black or African American, 0.57% (173) Native American, 1.51% (455) Asian, 0.02% (6) Pacific Islander, 9.95% (2,999) from other races, and 3.32% (999) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 21.67% (6,531) of the population.[8]

There were 11,202 households, of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.6% were married couples living together, 24.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.38.[8]

In the township, 25.0% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.4 years. For every 100 females there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.[8]

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $40,818 (with a margin of error of +/- $1,616) and the median family income was $44,645 (+/- $4,033). Males had a median income of $34,986 (+/- $3,168) versus $36,210 (+/- $2,706) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $19,816 (+/- $1,027). About 16.2% of families and 18.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.6% of those under age 18 and 20.6% of those age 65 or over.[44]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census[16] there were 32,868 people, 11,885 households, and 7,642 families residing in the township. The population density was 14,903.7 people per square mile (5,742.3/km2). There were 12,665 housing units at an average density of 5,742.8 per square mile (2,212.7/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 13.20% White, 75.10% Black or African American, 0.34% Native American, 1.26% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 5.21% from other races, and 4.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.47% of the population.[42][43]

There were 11,885 households out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.7% were married couples living together, 26.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non-families. 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.38.[42][43]

In the township the population was spread out with 27.7% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 86.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.1 males.[42][43]

The median income for a household in the township was $35,759, and the median income for a family was $40,852. Males had a median income of $33,442 versus $29,520 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,861. About 15.4% of families and 18.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.6% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.[42][43]

As part of the 2000 Census, 75.10% of Orange's residents identified themselves as being African American, one of the highest percentages of African American people in the United States, and the fourth-highest in New Jersey (behind Lawnside at 93.60%, East Orange at 89.46%, and Irvington at 81.66%) of all places with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry.[45]

Orange has a large Haitian American population, with 11.4% of residents identifying themselves as being of Haitian ancestry, the highest of any municipality in New Jersey and the eighth-highest in the United States.[46]

Although still a small percentage of total residents, Orange and East Orange have the largest concentrations of Guyanese Americans in the country. In the 2000 Census, 2.9% of Orange residents identified as being of Guyanese ancestry. While Queens and Brooklyn had larger populations in terms of raw numbers, Orange and East Orange (with 2.5%) had the highest percentages of people of Guyanese ancestry as a portion of the total population of all places in the United States.[47]

Government

Municipal Building

Local government

Orange is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council form of municipal government, with a directly elected mayor and a City Council consisting of four ward representatives and three at-large representatives. Councilmembers are elected to serve four-year terms of office in non-partisan elections on a staggered basis with the four ward seats and the three at-large seats coming up for election on an alternating cycle every two years.[3]

As of 2015, the Mayor of Orange is Dwayne D. Warren, whose term of office ends June 30, 2016.[48] Members of the City Council are Donna K. Williams (At-Large, 2016), Kerry Coley (East Ward, 2018), Council Vice-President Elroy A. Corbitt (At-Large, 2016), Tency A. Eason (North Ward, 2018), Council President April Gaunt-Butler (At-Large, 2016), Harold L. Johnson (West Ward, 2018), and Jamie Summers-Johnson (South Ward, 2018).[49][50][51][52]

Federal, state and county representation

The City of Orange Township is located in the 10th Congressional District[53] and is part of New Jersey's 34th state legislative district.[9][54][55] Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Orange had been in the 27th state legislative district.[56]

New Jersey's Tenth Congressional District is represented by Donald Payne, Jr. (D, Newark).[57] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Cory Booker (D, Newark, term ends 2021)[58] and Bob Menendez (D, Paramus, 2019).[59][60]

For the 2016–2017 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 34th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Nia Gill (D, Montclair) and in the General Assembly by Thomas P. Giblin (D, Montclair) and Sheila Oliver (D, East Orange).[61] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham Township).[62] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).[63]

Essex County is governed by a directly-elected County Executive, with legislative functions performed by the Board of Chosen Freeholders.[64] As of 2014, the County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo, Jr.[65] The county's Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, four elected on an at-large basis and one from each of five wards, who serve three-year terms of office on a concurrent basis, all of which end December 31, 2014.[64][66][67] Essex County's Freeholders are Freeholder President Blonnie R. Watson (at large; Newark),[68] Freeholder Vice President Patricia Sebold (at large; Livingston),[69] Rufus I. Johnson (at large; Newark),[70] Gerald W. Owens (At large; South Orange, filling the vacant seat after the resignation of Donald Payne, Jr.)[71] Rolando Bobadilla (District 1 - Newark's North and East Wards, parts of Central and West Wards; Newark),[72] D. Bilal Beasley (District 2 - Irvington, Maplewood and Newark's South Ward and parts of West Ward; Irvington),[73] Carol Y. Clark (District 3 - East Orange, Newark's West and Central Wards, Orange and South Orange; East Orange)[74] and Leonard M. Luciano (District 4 - Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Livingston, Millburn, North Caldwell, Roseland, Verona, West Caldwell and West Orange; West Caldwell),[75] and Brendan W. Gill (District 5 - Belleville, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, Montclair and Nutley; Montclair).[76][77][78] Constitutional elected countywide are County Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (West Caldwell, 2015),[79] Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (2015)[80] and Surrogate Theodore N. Stephens, II (2016).[81][66][82]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 14,943 registered voters in Orange, of which 8,490 (56.8%) were registered as Democrats, 302 (2.0%) were registered as Republicans and 6,147 (41.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were no voters registered to other parties.[83]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 96.7% of the vote (9,828 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 2.9% (291 votes), and other candidates with 0.4% (42 votes), among the 10,230 ballots cast by the township's 16,243 registered voters (69 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 63.0%.[84][85] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 95.5% of the vote (10,001 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 3.8% (397 votes) and other candidates with 0.3% (27 votes), among the 10,476 ballots cast by the city's 15,388 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.1%.[86] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 89.6% of the vote (8,000 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 9.1% (811 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (67 votes), among the 8,931 ballots cast by the city's 14,409 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 62.0.[87]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 85.0% of the vote (3,809 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 14.4% (643 votes), and other candidates with 0.6% (27 votes), among the 4,560 ballots cast by the township's 16,607 registered voters (81 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 27.5%.[88][89] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 91.7% of the vote (4,993 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 5.5% (302 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 1.4% (74 votes) and other candidates with 0.6% (31 votes), among the 5,442 ballots cast by the city's 14,891 registered voters, yielding a 36.5% turnout.[90]

Emergency services

Fire Department

Central fire station

The City of Orange is served by the professional firefighters of the city of Orange Fire Department (OFD). Founded in 1872, the OFD operates out of two Fire Stations, located at 419 Central Avenue, and 257 Washington Street. The fire apparatus fleet consist of three engines, one ladder, and numerous other special, support, and reserve units. The current Director of the Department is Kenneth Douglas.[91]

Education

Orange Middle School
Lincoln Avenue School

The Orange Board of Education serves public school students in pre-Kindergarten through twelfth grade. The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide,[92] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[93][94]

As of the 2011-12 school year, the district's 11 schools had an enrollment of 4,618 students and 436.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.58:1.[95] Schools in the district (with 2011-12 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[96]) are Orange Early Childhood Center,[97] eight elementary schools — Central School (defunct, had 249 students in grades K-2), Cleveland Street School[98] (296; K-7), Forest Street School[99] (356; PreK-7), Heywood Avenue School[100] (422; PreK-7), Lincoln Avenue School[101] (599; K-7), Oakwood Avenue School[102] (274; PreK-7), Park Avenue School[103] (437; K-7), Rosa Parks School[104] (618; 2-7, formerly Main Street School) — Orange Preparatory Academy[105] for grades 8-9 (571, formerly Orange Middle School), Orange High School[106] for grades 10–12 (796) and Career and Innovation Academy of Orange.[107][108][109]

The Orange Public Library collection contains 150,000 volumes and circulates 56,000 items annually.[110] Built as the Stickler Memorial Library,[111] the imposing structure designed by McKim, Mead, and White opened in 1901.[112]

Commerce

Portions of Orange are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate (versus the 7% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[113]

Transportation

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the city had a total of 44.64 miles (71.84 km) of roadways, of which 39.14 miles (62.99 km) were maintained by the municipality, 4.43 miles (7.13 km) by Essex County and 1.07 miles (1.72 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[114]

Public transportation

The Orange[115] and Highland Avenue[116] stations provide New Jersey Transit train service along the Morris & Essex Lines (formerly Erie Lackawanna Railway). Service is available via the Kearny Connection to Secaucus Junction and Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan and to Hoboken Terminal. Passengers can transfer at Newark Broad Street or Summit to reach the other destination if necessary.[117]

New Jersey Transit buses in Orange include the 21, 24, 34, 41, 44, 71, 73 and 79 routes providing service to Newark and local service on the 92 and 97 routes.[118]

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Orange include:

Points of interest

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  2. 1 2 US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  3. 1 2 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 125.
  4. ↑ 2015 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, as of October 20, 2015. Accessed November 13, 2015.
  5. ↑ Lee, Eunice. "Montclair, Orange swear in new mayors", The Star-Ledger, July 2, 2012. Accessed July 5, 2012. "Orange and Montclair swore in new mayors Sunday as both towns ushered in new leadership. In Orange, Dwayne D. Warren took office as mayor, switching roles from a different position in city hall. "
  6. 1 2 Departments, City of Orange Township. Accessed September 18, 2012.
  7. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Township of City of Orange, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 8, 2013.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for City of Orange township, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 14, 2011.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Municipalities Grouped by 2011-2020 Legislative Districts, New Jersey Department of State, p. 14. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  10. 1 2 3 Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for City of Orange township, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 14, 2011.
  11. ↑ "2010 Census Populations: Essex County", Asbury Park Press. Accessed October 6, 2011.
  12. 1 2 PEPANNRES - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 - 2014 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  13. 1 2 GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 6, 2013.
  14. ↑ Look Up a ZIP Code, United States Postal Service. Accessed October 6, 2011.
  15. ↑ [ Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Jersey City, NJ], Area-Codes.com. Accessed April 1, 2015.
  16. 1 2 American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  17. ↑ A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed July 5, 2012.
  18. ↑ US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed April 8, 2015.
  19. ↑ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed July 5, 2012.
  20. 1 2 3 Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. pp. 130-131. Accessed July 6, 2012.
  21. ↑ "Chapter VI: Municipal Names and Municipal Classification", p. 73. New Jersey State Commission on County and Municipal Government, 1992. Accessed September 24, 2015.
  22. ↑ "Removing Tiering From The Revenue Sharing Formula Would Eliminate Payment Inequities To Local Governments", Government Accountability Office, April 15, 1982. Accessed September 24, 2015. "In 1978, South Orange Village was the first municipality to change its name to the 'township' of South Orange Village effective beginning in entitlement period 10 (October 1978 to September 1979). The Borough of Fairfield in 1978 changed its designation by a majority vote of the electorate and became the 'Township of Fairfield' effective beginning entitlement period 11 (October 1979 to September 1980).... However, the Revenue Sharing Act was not changed and the actions taken by South Orange and Fairfield prompted the Town of Montclair and West Orange to change their designation by referendum in the November 4, 1980, election. The municipalities of Belleville, Verona, Bloomfield, Nutley, Essex Fells, Caldwell, and West Caldwell have since changed their classification from municipality to a township."
  23. ↑ Narvaez, Alfonso A. "New Jersey Journal", The New York Times, December 27, 1981. Accessed September 24, 2015. "Under the Federal system, New Jersey's portion of the revenue sharing funds is disbursed among the 21 counties to create three 'money pools.' One is for county governments, one for 'places' and a third for townships. By making the change, a community can use the 'township advantage' to get away from the category containing areas with low per capita incomes."
  24. ↑ Karcher, Alan J. New Jersey's Multiple Municipal Madness, pp. 119-120. Rutgers University Press, 1998. ISBN 9780813525662. Accessed September 24, 2015.
  25. 1 2 3 Historical Overview, City of Orange Township. Accessed December 18, 2011.
  26. ↑ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 16, 2015.
  27. ↑ Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States, p. 23. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed September 16, 2015.
  28. ↑ Pierson, David Lawrence. History of the Oranges to 1921: Reviewing the Rise, Development and Progress of an Influential Community – Volume 1. Lewis Historical Publishing Company, New York, 1922. OCLC 3884577. See Chapter XXIX – The Name Orange Adopted, Page 155. Available via Google Books
  29. ↑ Frame, Paul. Radioluminescent Paint, Oak Ridge Associated Universities. Accessed September 17, 2007.
  30. ↑ City of Orange Township Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), City of Orange Township. Accessed February 8, 2016. "UEZ has been phased out, but remaining funds will be used for planned projects."
  31. ↑ Census Estimates for New Jersey April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  32. ↑ Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed July 17, 2013.
  33. ↑ Dugan, Daniel A. The Revised Charter, With Supplements Thereto of the City of Orange, N. J., p. 509. The Chronicle Press, 1900. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  34. ↑ Bowen, Francis. American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge for the Year 1843, p. 231, David H. Williams, 1842. Accessed July 17, 2013. Population for 1840 is listed as 3,269, which is five more than the value listed in the table.
  35. ↑ Raum, John O. The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1, p. 245, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed July 17, 2013. "The city of Orange is divided into three wards. It was incorporated as a town January 31st, 1860. The present charter creating it into three wards was approved March 3d, 1869, and on the 3d of April, 1872, a supplement was approved by which it was changed to a city. Its population in 1850 was 4,385; in 1860, 8,877; and in 1870, 9,348."
  36. ↑ Debow, James Dunwoody Brownson. The Seventh Census of the United States: 1850, p. 138. R. Armstrong, 1853. Accessed July 17, 2013.
  37. ↑ Staff. A compendium of the ninth census, 1870, p. 259. United States Census Bureau, 1872. Accessed July 17, 2013.
  38. ↑ Porter, Robert Percival. Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III - 51 to 75, p. 98. United States Census Bureau, 1890. Accessed July 17, 2013.
  39. ↑ Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 336. Accessed July 5, 2012.
  40. ↑ Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 711. Accessed December 18, 2011.
  41. ↑ Table 6. New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed June 28, 2015.
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for City of Orange township, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 14, 2012.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for City of Orange township, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 14, 2012.
  44. ↑ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for City of Orange township, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 5, 2012.
  45. ↑ African American Communities, EPodunk. Accessed August 25, 2007.
  46. ↑ Guyanese Communities, EPodunk. Accessed April 3, 2011.
  47. ↑ Guyanese Communities, EPodunk. Accessed August 21, 2006.
  48. ↑ Office of the Mayor, City of Orange Township. Accessed June 30, 2015.
  49. ↑ Orange Township City Council, City of Orange Township. Accessed June 30, 2015.
  50. ↑ 2014 Municipal Data Sheet, City of Orange Township. Accessed July 31, 2014.
  51. ↑ Essex County Directory, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 30, 2015.
  52. ↑ Sykes, Chris. "Orange Council irons out reorganization in special meeting", Essex News Daily, July 12, 2014. Accessed July 31, 2014. "However, incumbent North Ward Councilwoman Tency Eason and her three rookie counterparts on the council — East Ward Councilman Kerry Coley, West Ward Councilman Harold L. Johnson and South Ward Councilwoman Jamie Summers-Johnson — all had their election results certified, took their oaths of office and were officially sworn into their seats on the new council."
  53. ↑ Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  54. ↑ 2015 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 62, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 22, 2015.
  55. ↑ Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  56. ↑ 2011 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 62, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 22, 2015.
  57. ↑ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 5, 2012.
  58. ↑ About Cory Booker, United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  59. ↑ Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "He currently lives in Paramus and has two children, Alicia and Robert."
  60. ↑ Senators of the 114th Congress from New Jersey. United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"
  61. ↑ Legislative Roster 2016-2017 Session, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 17, 2016.
  62. ↑ "About the Governor". State of New Jersey. Retrieved 2010-01-21.
  63. ↑ "About the Lieutenant Governor". State of New Jersey. Retrieved 2010-01-21.
  64. 1 2 General Information, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014. "The Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected at-large. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November."
  65. ↑ Essex County Executive, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  66. 1 2 Essex County Elected Officials, Essex County Clerk, as of February 2012. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  67. ↑ Definition of a Freeholder, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  68. ↑ Blonnie R. Watson, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  69. ↑ Patricia Sebold, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  70. ↑ Rufus I. Johnson, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  71. ↑ Lee, Eunice. "Labor leader from South Orange tapped as new Essex County freeholder", The Star-Ledger, December 19, 2012. Accessed July 9, 2014. "A longtime labor union leader from South Orange was sworn in this afternoon as the newest Essex County freeholder.Gerald Owens, 74, is a general organizer for the International Longshoremen's Association.... Owens is filling the seat vacated by former at-large freeholder Donald Payne Jr., who stepped down from the post last month after securing the 10th Congressional District seat left open by his late father."
  72. ↑ Rolando Bobadilla, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  73. ↑ D. Bilal Beasley, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  74. ↑ Carol Y. Clark, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  75. ↑ Leonard M. Luciano, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  76. ↑ Brendan W. Gill, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  77. ↑ The Board of Chosen Freeholders, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  78. ↑ Breakdown of Freeholder Districts, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  79. ↑ About Christopher J. Durkin, Essex County Clerk. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  80. ↑ Armando B. Fontoura - Essex County Sheriff, Essex County Sheriff's Office. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  81. ↑ Office of Surrogate, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  82. ↑ County Directory, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  83. ↑ Voter Registration Summary - Essex, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  84. ↑ "Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  85. ↑ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  86. ↑ 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  87. ↑ 2004 Presidential Election: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  88. ↑ "Governor - Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  89. ↑ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  90. ↑ 2009 Governor: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  91. ↑ Fire Department, City of Orange Township. Accessed July 5, 2012.
  92. ↑ Abbott Districts, New Jersey Department of Education, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 15, 2009. Accessed August 15, 2012.
  93. ↑ What are SDA Districts?, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed August 15, 2012. "SDA Districts are 31 special-needs school districts throughout New Jersey. They were formerly known as Abbott Districts, based on the Abbott v. Burke case in which the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that the State must provide 100 percent funding for all school renovation and construction projects in special-needs school districts.... The districts were renamed after the elimination of the Abbott designation through passage of the state’s new School Funding Formula in January 2008."
  94. ↑ SDA Districts, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed August 15, 2012.
  95. ↑ District information for Orange School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed June 11, 2014.
  96. ↑ School Data for the Orange Board of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed July 31, 2014.
  97. ↑ Orange Early Childhood Center, Orange Board of Education. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  98. ↑ Cleveland Street School, Orange Board of Education. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  99. ↑ Forest Street School, Orange Board of Education. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  100. ↑ Heywood Avenue School, Orange Board of Education. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  101. ↑ Lincoln Avenue School, Orange Board of Education. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  102. ↑ Oakwood Avenue School, Orange Board of Education. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  103. ↑ Park Avenue School, Orange Board of Education. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  104. ↑ Rosa Parks School, Orange Board of Education. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  105. ↑ Orange Preparatory Academy, Orange Board of Education. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  106. ↑ Orange High School, Orange Board of Education. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  107. ↑ Career and Innovation Academy of Orange, Orange Board of Education. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  108. ↑ Our Schools, Orange Board of Education. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  109. ↑ New Jersey School Directory for the Orange Board of Education, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  110. ↑ "Orange Public Library". librarytechnology.org. September 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
  111. ↑ Staff. "STICKLER MEMORIAL LIBRARY.; Ground Broken for Structure to Cost $100,000 at Orange", The New York Times, May 14, 1900. Accessed July 31, 2014.
  112. ↑ About Our Library, Orange Public Library. Accessed July 31, 2014.
  113. ↑ Geographic & Urban Redevelopment Tax Credit Programs: Urban Enterprise Zone Employee Tax Credit, State of New Jersey, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 25, 2009. Accessed October 6, 2011.
  114. ↑ Essex County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
  115. ↑ Orange station, New Jersey Transit. Accessed July 31, 2014.
  116. ↑ Highland Avenue station, New Jersey Transit. Accessed July 31, 2014.
  117. ↑ Morristown Line, New Jersey Transit. Accessed July 31, 2014.
  118. ↑ Essex County Bus / Rail Connections, New Jersey Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 22, 2009. Accessed October 6, 2011.
  119. ↑ Raab, Selwyn. "Mafia Defector Says He Lost His Faith", The New York Times, March 2, 1994. Accessed September 16, 2015. "A portly, moon-faced man, 5 feet 9 inches tall and 220 pounds, Mr. Accetturo smiled frequently and responded freely during most of the 80-minute interview. He said that as a young man, growing up in Orange, N.J., and in Newark, he was drawn to a life in the Mafia because he had few other economic opportunities."
  120. ↑ Blevins, Tim. 'Film & Photography on the Front Range, p. 290. Pikes Peak Library District, 2012. ISBN 9781567352979. Accessed September 16, 2015.
  121. ↑ Staff. "W.G. ALEXANDER, 72, A JERSEY PHYSICIAN; Ex-Head of National Medical Association, First Negro in State's Legislature, Dies", The New York Times, February 6, 1953. Accessed December 18, 2011. "ORANGE, N. J. Feb. 5 - Dr. Walter G. Alexander, former president of the National Medical Association and the first Negro elected to the New Jersey Legislature, died here today at his home, 58 Webster Place"
  122. ↑ Biographical information for Walter G. Alexander, The Political Graveyard.
  123. ↑ Giants Select Penn State DT Jay Alford in Third Round, New York Giants, April 28, 2007. Accessed May 1, 2007.
  124. ↑ Deputy USTR Peter F. Allgeier; Deputy U.S. Trade Representative U.S. Representative to the World Trade Organization, Office of the United States Trade Representative, February 18, 2005. Accessed September 16, 2015. "Mr. Allgeier was born in Orange, New Jersey."
  125. ↑ George Armstrong, Baseball-Reference.com. Accessed September 16, 2015.
  126. ↑ John Lauris Blake, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 13, 2007.
  127. ↑ Cory Boyd profile, South Carolina Gamecocks. Accessed October 30, 2007.
  128. ↑ Parmet, Herbert S. George Bush: The Life of a Lone Star Yankee, p. 18. Transaction Publishers, 2001. ISBN 0-7658-0730-0. Accessed December 18, 2011. "Their son, Samuel Prescott Bush, may properly be said to have been the family's modern "founding father".... Born in Orange, New Jersey, on October 4, 1863, he left his parents behind in Staten Island when, at the age of seventeen, he crossed the Kill Van Kull and went a few miles north to the Stevens Institute of Technology."
  129. ↑ John Condit, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 21, 2007.
  130. ↑ Silas Condit, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 23, 2007.
  131. ↑ John Crotty, Basketball-Reference.com. Accessed December 6, 2007.
  132. ↑ Staff. "Crotty sailing along nicely", The Deseret News, January 4, 2002. Accessed August 19, 2011. "'Guys believe in what I'm doing, so they're going to hit me for the open pass, and trust that I'm going to make the right play,' said Crotty, an Orange, NJ, native who makes his home in Miami, one of six cities in which he's played during a 10-season NBA career."
  133. ↑ Smith, Greg. "An Interview with Bobby Czyz Part 1: Formative Years, Amateur Career, and The Rise and Fall of a Middleweight", Hard Core Boxing, September 14, 2005. Accessed July 31, 2014. "Bobby Czyz was born on February 10, 1962. I knew that Bobby spent the first few years of his life in Orange, New Jersey, but was essentially raised about 30 minutes away from Orange in the suburban enclave of Wanaque."
  134. ↑ Pete D'Alonzo, profootballarchives.com. Accessed March 28, 2015.
  135. ↑ Staff. "Envoy to All peoples", Boston Globe, August 12, 1956. Accessed December 14, 2011. "When DeMille was touring with EH Sothern as an actor, he met and married Constance Adams of Orange, N.J. In 1952 they celebrated their golden wedding anniversary with all the DeMille children and grandchildren."
  136. ↑ Van Gelder, Lawrence. "Gail Fisher, 65, TV Actress Who Won Emmy for 'Mannix'", The New York Times, February 20, 2001. Accessed March 19, 2014. "But she was determined to be one. She was born in Orange, N.J., and grew up in Potters Crossing, a black section of Edison Township, N.J."
  137. ↑ Charles Newell Fowler, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 9, 2007.
  138. ↑ "Beer Punch", Time (magazine), May 23, 1938. Accessed August 14, 2007. "In the Stone Age a fight was simply a fight. A throwback to Stone-Age man is potbellied Tony Galento, Orange, N. J. bartender, who shrugs his chubby shoulders at the fancy art of boxing, scoffs at the modern mode of training."
  139. ↑ "Al Harrington traded for Stephen Jackson", Inside Hoops, July 15, 2004. Accessed June 4, 2008. "A 6–9 forward from Orange, New Jersey, Harrington prepped at St. Patrick's High in Elizabeth, NJ and he was the first player ever drafted from the high school ranks by the Pacers."
  140. ↑ Anderson, Avis H. A & P: The Story of the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, p. 47. Arcadia Publishing, 2002. ISBN 9780738510385. Accessed April 8, 2015. "On July 24, 1861, George Huntigton Hartford married Marie Josephine Ludlum of Goshen, New York, and moved into a small house in Brooklyn.... The couple moved to Orange, New Jersey, in 1866, the same year that George was made a partner in the Great American Tea Company."
  141. ↑ Beatrice Alice Hicks, 1919–1979, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Accessed December 18, 2007. "Born in Orange, New Jersey in 1919, Beatrice Hicks displayed an affinity for and aptitude in math, science, and engineering from an early age."
  142. ↑ "Seen on the Screen", News & Observer, August 10, 2007. Accessed January 17, 2008. "Hill, 32, was born Karim Dule Hill in Orange, N.J. and raised in nearby Sayreville."
  143. ↑ Astronaut Bio: Mark Kelly, NASA. Accessed February 24, 2008.
  144. ↑ Derby, George; and White, James Terry. "John B. Mason", The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, 1916, pg. 51.
  145. ↑ Staff. "Elmer M. Matthews, veteran, lawyer and former N.J. legislator, dies", Palm Beach Daily News, February 7, 2015. Accessed November 23, 2015. "Elmer M. Matthews of Palm Beach and Sea Girt, N.J., died Thursday, Feb. 5, 2015, after a brief illness. He was 87. Born in Orange, N.J., Mr. Matthews lived in South Orange, Verona, Bernardsville and Sea Girt, N.J., before moving to Palm Beach."
  146. ↑ Rafuse, Ethan S. "George B. McClellan", The New York Times. Accessed December 18, 2011.
  147. ↑ Thomas F. Fitzgerald, Fitzgerald's Legislative Manual, 1960, page 322
  148. ↑ Castelvecchi, Davide; and Matson, John. "Dimension-Cruncher: Exotic Spheres Earn Mathematician John Milnor an Abel Prize: His discovery that some seven-dimensional spheres look different under the lens of calculus spurred decades of research in topology", Scientific American, March 24, 2011. Accessed April 3, 2011. "Milnor was born in 1931 in Orange, N.J., and graduated from Princeton University in 1951."
  149. ↑ Daniel F. Minahan, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 16, 2007.
  150. ↑ Newkirk, Gordon Allen Jr. (1928-1985), National Center for Atmospheric Research. Accessed November 3, 2015. "Gordon Allen Newkirk, Jr., was born in Orange, New Jersey on June 12, 1928."
  151. ↑ Janet Kerschner, The Olcott Family, Theosophical.org. Accessed January 11, 2009.
  152. ↑ Segal, Graeme. "Daniel Quillen obituary: A US mathematician, he developed a key algebraic theory", The Guardian, June 23, 2011. Accessed August 19, 2011. "Born in Orange, New Jersey, Quillen won scholarships to Newark academy, and then to Harvard, where as a graduate student he worked under Raoul Bott, before going to a post at MIT."
  153. ↑ Litsky, Frank. "Jim Ringo, Pro Football Hall of Fame Center, Dies at 75", The New York Times, November 21, 2007. Accessed April 3, 2011. "James Stephen Ringo was born Nov. 21, 1931, in Orange, N.J., and played high school football in Phillipsburg, N.J."
  154. ↑ Staff. "Savitt Rallies to Beat Flam", Los Angeles Times, July 5, 1951. Accessed April 3, 2011. "Dick Savitt of Orange, N.J., who is seeking a sweep of the world's major amateur tennis titles, rallied from what looked like certain defeat today to vanquish Herbie Flam of Beverly Hills, 1–6, 15–13, 6–3, 6–2, and storm into the finals of the All-England..."
  155. ↑ Kehr, Dave. "Roy Scheider, Actor in ‘Jaws,’ Dies at 75", The New York Times, February 11, 2008. Accessed February 24, 2008. "Born in 1932 in Orange, N.J., Mr. Scheider earned his distinctive broken nose in the New Jersey Diamond Gloves Competition."
  156. ↑ George Tully, profootballarchives.com. Accessed August 21, 2014.
  157. ↑ Politi, Steve. "Politi: Willis remains bitter about Rutgers", The Star-Ledger, September 6, 2007. Accessed April 3, 2011. "In another time, Terrell Willis was supposed to be that player for the Scarlet Knights. As good as Rice was as a freshman, no player in Rutgers history started his career with greater promise than Willis did when the Orange native broke onto the national scene in 1993."

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