Orthohepadnavirus

Hepatitis B virus

TEM micrograph showing hepatitis B virions
Virus classification
Group:	Group VII (dsDNA-RT)
Order:	Unassigned
Family:	Hepadnaviridae
Genus:	Orthohepadnavirus
Type Species
Hepatitis B virus

Orthohepadnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Hepadnaviridae. Human and mammals serve as natural hosts. There are currently five species in this genus including the type species Hepatitis B virus. Diseases associated with this genus include: hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic infections), cirrhosis.^[1]^[2]

Structure

Viruses in Orthohepadnavirus are enveloped, with spherical geometries, and T=4 symmetry. The diameter is around 42 nm. Genomes are circular, around 3.2kb in length. The genome codes for 7 proteins.^[1]

Genus	Structure	Symmetry	Capsid	Genomic Arrangement	Genomic Segmentation
Orthohepadnavirus	Icosahedral	T=4	Non-Enveloped	Circular	Monopartite

Life Cycle

Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA(RT) transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by budding, and nuclear pore export. Human and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual, blood, and contact.^[1]

Genus	Host Details	Tissue Tropism	Entry Details	Release Details	Replication Site	Assembly Site	Transmission
Orthohepadnavirus	Humans; mammals	Hepatocytes	Cell receptor endocytosis	Budding	Nucleus	Cytoplasm	Vertical: parental; sex; blood

Taxonomy

Group: ssRNA-RT

Order: Unassigned

Family: Hepadnaviridae
- Genus: Orthohepadnavirus
  Bat hepatitis virus
  
  Ground squirrel hepatitis virus
  
  Hepatitis B virus
  
  Woodchuck hepatitis virus
  
  Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus

^[2]

References

1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
1 2 ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.

External Links

Baltimore (virus classification)

DNA

I: dsDNA viruses

Caudovirales	Myoviridae Podoviridae Siphoviridae

Herpesvirales	Alloherpesviridae Herpesviridae Malacoherpesviridae

Ligamenvirales	Lipothrixviridae Rudiviridae

Unassigned	NLCDV: Ascoviridae Asfarviridae Iridoviridae Marseilleviridae Mimiviridae Phycodnaviridae Poxviridae genera: Dinodnavirus nonenveloped: Adenoviridae Papillomaviridae Papovaviridae (obsolete) Polyomaviridae genera: Rhizidiovirus Ampullaviridae Baculoviridae Bicaudaviridae Clavaviridae Corticoviridae Fuselloviridae Globuloviridae Guttaviridae Hytrosaviridae Nimaviridae Nudiviridae Plasmaviridae Polydnaviridae Sphaerolipoviridae Tectiviridae Turriviridae genera: Salterprovirus

II: ssDNA viruses

Anelloviridae Bidnaviridae Circoviridae Geminiviridae Inoviridae Microviridae Nanoviridae Parvoviridae Spiraviridae genera: Bacilladnavirus

RNA

III: dsRNA viruses

Amalgaviridae Birnaviridae Chrysoviridae Cystoviridae Endornaviridae Hypoviridae Megabirnaviridae Partitiviridae Picobirnaviridae Quadriviridae Reoviridae Totiviridae

IV: (+)ssRNA viruses (primarily icosahedral)

Nidovirales	Arteriviridae Coronaviridae Mesoniviridae Roniviridae

Picornavirales	Comoviridae (obsolete) Dicistroviridae Iflaviridae Marnaviridae Picornaviridae Secoviridae Sequiviridae (obsolete) genera: Bacillarnavirus Labyrnavirus

Tymovirales	Alphaflexiviridae Betaflexiviridae Gammaflexiviridae Tymoviridae

Unassigned	Alphatetraviridae Alvernaviridae Astroviridae Barnaviridae Benyviridae Bromoviridae Caliciviridae Carmotetraviridae Closteroviridae Flaviviridae Flexiviridae (obsolete) Hepeviridae Leviviridae Luteoviridae Narnaviridae Nodaviridae Permutotetraviridae Potyviridae Tetraviridae (obsolete) Togaviridae Tombusviridae Virgaviridae genera: Cilevirus Higrevirus Idaeovirus Ourmiavirus Polemovirus Sobemovirus

V: (-)ssRNA viruses (primarily helical)

Mononegavirales	Bornaviridae Filoviridae Nyamiviridae Paramyxoviridae Rhabdoviridae

Unassigned	Arenaviridae Bunyaviridae Ophioviridae Orthomyxoviridae genera: Deltavirus Emaravirus Tenuivirus Varicosavirus

VI: ssRNA-RT viruses

Metaviridae Pseudoviridae Retroviridae

VII: dsDNA-RT viruses

Caulimoviridae Hepadnaviridae

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