Nakshatra
Nakshatra (Sanskrit: नकà¥à¤·à¤¤à¥à¤°, IAST: Naká¹£atra) is the term for lunar mansion in Hindu astrology. A nakshatra is one of 27 (sometimes also 28) sectors along the ecliptic. Their names are related to the most prominent asterisms in the respective sectors.
The starting point for the nakshatras is the point on the ecliptic directly opposite to the star Spica called ChitrÄ in Sanskrit (other slightly different definitions exist). It is called MeshÄdi or the "start of Aries". The ecliptic is divided into each of the nakshatras eastwards starting from this point. The number of nakshatras reflects the number of days in a sidereal month (modern value: 27.32 days), the width of a nakshatra traversed by the Moon in about one day. Each nakshatra is further subdivided into four quarters (or padas). These play a role in popular Hindu astrology, where each pada is associated with a syllable, conventionally chosen as the first syllable of the given name of a child born when the Moon was in the corresponding pada.
The nakshatras of traditional bhartiya astronomy are based on a list of 28 asterisms found in the Atharvaveda (AVÅš 19.7) and also in the Shatapatha Brahmana. The first astronomical text that lists them is the Vedanga Jyotisha.
In classical Hindu scriptures (Mahabharata, Harivamsa), the creation of the nakshatras is attributed to Daksha. They are personified as daughters of the deity and as wives of Chandra, the Moon god, or alternatively the daughters of Kashyapa, the brother of Daksha.
Each of the nakshatras is governed as 'lord' by one of the nine graha in the following sequence: Ketu (South Lunar Node), Shukra (Venus), Surya (Sun), Chandra (Moon), Mangala (Mars), Rahu (North Lunar Node), Brihaspati (Jupiter), Shani (Saturn) and Budha (Mercury). This cycle repeats itself three times to cover all 27 nakshatras. The lord of each nakshatra determines the planetary period known as the dasha, which is considered of major importance in forecasting the life path of the individual in Hindu astrology.
In Vedic Sanskrit, the term nákṣatra may refer to any heavenly body, or to "the stars" collectively. The classical concept of a "lunar mansion" is first found in the Atharvaveda, and becomes the primary meaning of the term in Classical Sanskrit.
Nakshatras in the Atharvaveda
In the Atharvaveda (Shaunakiya recension, hymn 19.7) a list of 28 stars or asterisms is given, many of them corresponding to the later nakshatras:
(1) Ká¹›ttikÄ (the Pleiads), (2) RohinÄ«, (3) MrigashÄ«rsha, (4) Ä€rdrÄ, (5) Punarvasu, (6) SÅ«nritÄ, (7) Pushya, (8) Bhanu (the Sun), (9) AsleshÄ, (10) MaghÄ, (11) SvÄti (Arcturus), (12) ChitrÄ (Spica), (13) Phalgunis, (14) Hasta, (15) RÄdhas, (16) VishÄkhÄ, (17) AnurÄdhÄ, (18) JyeshthÄ, (19) MÅ«la, (20) AshÄdhas, (21) Abhijit, (22) Sravana, (23) SravishthÄs, (24) Satabhishak, (25) Proshtha-padas, (26) Revati, (27) Asvayujas, (28) Bharani. [1] Interestingly enough, the term "nakshatra" has a different meaning as demonstrated in the "Surya Siddhanta" which is an ancient text on astronomy. In the early chapters, the author, Mayasura or Mayan, describes various time units. He writes that a "prana" is a duration of 4 seconds. He then continues with a discussion of a number of time units with progressively long durations made up of the shorter time units all composed of a number of pranas. Amongst those time units are something he calls "nakshatra." For example, there are 15 pranas in a minute; 900 pranas in an hour; 21600 pranas in a day, 583,200 pranas in a nakshatra (month). According to Mayan, a nakshatra is a time unit with a duration of 27 days. This 27 day time cycle has been taken to mean a particular group of stars. The relationship to the stars really has to do with the periodicity with which the Moon travels over time and through space past the field of the specific stars called nakshatras. Hence, the stars are more like numbers on a clock through which the hands of time pass (the moon). This concept was discovered by Dr. Jessie Mercay in her research on Surya Siddhanta. It is documented in a textbook called "Fundamentals of Mamuni Mayans Vaastu Shastras, Building Architecture of Sthapatya Veda and Traditional Indian architecture." (Mercay, 2006 - 2012, AUM Science and Technology publishers)
List of Nakshatras
The classical list of 27 nakshatras is first found in the Vedanga Jyotisha, a text dated to the 600-700 BCE. The nakshatra system predates the Hellenistic astronomy which became prevalent from about the 2nd century CE.
In Hindu astronomy, there was an older tradition of 28 Nakshatras which were used as celestial markers in the heavens. When these were mapped into equal divisions of the ecliptic, a division of 27 portions was adopted since that resulted in a cleaner definition of each portion (i.e. segment) subtending 13° 20' (as opposed to 12° 51 3/7’ in the case of 28 segments). In the process, the Nakshatra Abhijit was left out without a portion.[2]:179 The Surya Siddhantha concisely specifies the coordinates of the twenty seven Nakshatras[2]:211
The following list of nakshatras gives the corresponding regions of sky, following Basham.[3]
No. | Name | Associated stars | Description | Image |
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1 | Ashvayuja |
β and γ Arietis |
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2; 7 | Apabharani "the bearer" |
35, 39, and 41 Arietis |
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3 | Krittika an old name of the Pleiades; personified as the nurses of KÄrttikeya, a son of Shiva. |
Pleiades | ||
4; 9 | Rohini "the red one", a name of Aldebaran. Also known as brÄhmÄ« |
Aldebaran |
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5; 3 | MrigashÄ«rsha "the deer's head". Also known as ÄgrahÄyaṇī |
λ, φ Orionis | ||
6; 4 | Ardra "the moist one" |
Betelgeuse |
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7; 5 | Punarvasu (dual) "the two restorers of goods", also known as yamakau "the two chariots" |
Castor and Pollux |
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8; 6 | Tishya "the nourisher", also known as sidhya or tiá¹£ya |
γ, δ and θ Cancri | ||
9; 7 | Ä€shleshÄ "the embrace" |
δ, ε, η, Ï, and σ Hydrae |
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10; 15 | MaghÄ "the bountiful" |
Regulus |
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11 | Pūrva Phalgunī "first reddish one" |
δ and θ Leonis |
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12 | Uttara Phalgunī "second reddish one" |
Denebola |
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13 | Hasta "the hand" |
α, β, γ, δ and ε Corvi |
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14 | Chitra "the bright one", a name of Spica |
Spica |
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15 | SvÄti "Su-Ati (sanskrit) Very good" name of Arcturus |
Arcturus |
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16; 14 | Visakha "forked, having branches"; also known as rÄdhÄ "the gift" |
α, β, γ and ι Librae | ||
17 | Anuradha "following rÄdhÄ" |
β, δ and π Scorpionis |
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18; 16 | Jyeshtha aka Rohini "the eldest, most excellent" |
α, σ, and τ Scorpionis |
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19; 17 | Vichrita "the root" |
ε, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, λ, μ and ν Scorpionis |
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20; 18 | Purva Ashadha "first of the aá¹£Äá¸hÄ", aá¹£Äá¸hÄ "the invincible one" being the name of a constellation |
δ and ε Sagittarii |
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21 | Uttara Ashadha "second of the aá¹£Äá¸hÄ" |
ζ and σ Sagittarii |
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22; 20 | Abhijit "victorious"[4] |
α, ε and ζ Lyrae - Vega | Lord: Brahma | |
23; 20 | Shrona |
α, β and γ Aquilae |
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24; 21; 23 | Shravishta "most famous", also ShravishthÄ "swiftest" |
α to δ Delphini |
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24; 22 | Shatabhisha "Comprising a hundred physicians" |
γ Aquarii |
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25; 3 | Purva Proshtapada "the first of the blessed feet" |
α and β Pegasi |
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26; 4 | Uttara Proshtapada "the second of the blessed feet" |
γ Pegasi and α Andromedae |
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27; 5 | Revati "prosperous" |
ζ Piscium |
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Padas (quarters)
Each of the 27 Nakshatras cover 13°20’ of the ecliptic each. Each Nakshatra is also divided into quarters or padas of 3°20’, and the below table lists the appropriate starting sound to name the child. The 27 nakshatras, each with 4 padas, give 108, which is the number of beads in a japa mala, indicating all the elements (ansh) of Vishnu:
# | Name | Pada 1 | Pada 2 | Pada 3 | Pada 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ashwini (अशà¥à¤µà¤¿à¤¨à¤¿) | चॠChu | चे Che | चो Cho | ला La |
2 | Bharani (à¤à¤°à¤£à¥€) | ली Li | लू Lu | ले Le | लो Lo |
3 | Kritika (कृतà¥à¤¤à¤¿à¤•à¤¾) | अ A | ई I | उ U | ठE |
4 | Rohini(रोहिणी) | ओ O | वा Va/Ba | वी Vi/Bi | वॠVu/Bu |
5 | MrigashÄ«rsha(मà¥à¤°à¥ƒà¤—शीरà¥à¤·à¤¾) | वे Ve/Be | वो Vo/Bo | का Ka | की Ke |
6 | Ä€rdrÄ (आरà¥à¤¦à¥à¤°à¤¾) | कॠKu | घ Gha | ङ Ng/Na | छ Chha |
7 | Punarvasu (पà¥à¤¨à¤°à¥à¤µà¤¸à¥) | के Ke | को Ko | हा Ha | ही Hi |
8 | Pushya (पà¥à¤·à¥à¤¯) | हॠHu | हे He | हो Ho | ड Da |
9 | Ä€shleshÄ (आशà¥à¤²à¥‡à¤·à¤¾) | डी Di | डू Du | डे De | डो Do |
10 | MaghÄ (मघा) | मा Ma | मी Mi | मू Mu | मे Me |
11 | PÅ«rva or PÅ«rva PhalgunÄ« (पूरà¥à¤µ फालà¥à¤—à¥à¤¨à¥€) | नो Mo | टा Ta | टी Ti | टू Tu |
12 | Uttara or Uttara PhalgunÄ« (उतà¥à¤¤à¤° फालà¥à¤—à¥à¤¨à¥€) | टे Te | टो To | पा Pa | पी Pi |
13 | Hasta (हसà¥à¤¤) | पू Pu | ष Sha | ण Na | ठTha |
14 | Chitra (चितà¥à¤°à¤¾) | पे Pe | पो Po | रा Ra | री Ri |
15 | SvÄtÄ« (सà¥à¤µà¤¾à¤¤à¤¿) | रू Ru | रे Re | रो Ro | ता Ta |
16 | ViÅ›ÄkhÄ (विशाखा) | ती Ti | तू Tu | ते Te | तो To |
17 | AnurÄdhÄ (अनà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤§à¤¾) | ना Na | नी Ni | नू Nu | ने Ne |
18 | Jyeshtha (जà¥à¤¯à¥‡à¤·à¥à¤ ा) | नो No | या Ya | यी Yi | यू Yu |
19 | Mula (मूल) | ये Ye | यो Yo | à¤à¤¾ Bha | à¤à¥€ Bhi |
20 | PÅ«rva AshÄdhÄ (पूरà¥à¤µà¤¾à¤·à¤¾à¤¢à¤¼à¤¾) | à¤à¥‚ Bhu | धा Dha | फा Bha/Pha | ढा Dha |
21 | Uttara Aá¹£Äá¸hÄ (उतà¥à¤¤à¤°à¤¾à¤·à¤¾à¤¢à¤¼à¤¾) | à¤à¥‡ Bhe | à¤à¥‹ Bho | जा Ja | जी Ji |
22 | ÅšrÄvaṇa (शà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤µà¤£) | खी Ju/Khi | खू Je/Khu | खे Jo/Khe | खो Gha/Kho |
23 | ÅšrÄviá¹£á¹ha (शà¥à¤°à¤µà¤¿à¤·à¥à¤ ा) or Dhanishtha (धनिषà¥à¤ ा) | गा Ga | गी Gi | गॠGu | गे Ge |
24 | Shatabhisha (शतà¤à¤¿à¤·à¤¾)or Åšatataraka | गो Go | सा Sa | सी Si | सू Su |
25 | PÅ«rva BhÄdrapadÄ (पूरà¥à¤µà¤à¤¾à¤¦à¥à¤°à¤ªà¤¦à¤¾) | से Se | सो So | दा Da | दी Di |
26 | Uttara BhÄdrapadÄ (उतà¥à¤¤à¤°à¤à¤¾à¤¦à¥à¤°à¤ªà¤¦à¤¾) | दू Du | थ Tha | ठJha | ञ Da/Tra |
27 | Revati (रेवती) | दे De | दो Do | च Cha | ची Chi |
Hindu given names
Hindu astrologers (see Jyotisha) teach that when a child is born, they should be given an auspicious first name which will correspond to the child's Nakshatra. The technique for deducing the name is to see which nakshatra the Moon is in at the moment of birth; this gives four possible sounds. A refinement is to pick one sound out of that four that relates to the Pada or division of the Nakshatra. Each Nakshatra has four Padas and four sounds and each Pada is of equal width. The Moon remains in each Nakshatra for approximately one day.
A further refinement or opportunity is to instead use the Nakshatra that the ascendent resides in at birth. The same broad choice of sounds and Padas apply, but now the sounds change roughly every 15 minutes. The ascendent passes through all 27 Nakshatras every 24 hours, being in each one for 53 and a third minutes of time, and is in a Pada for 13 and a third minutes of time. By using the ascendent's nakshatra, instead of the Moon's nakshatra leads more to comfort of the Self, rather than comfort of the mother. This second approach is only really applicable if intuitively the Moon approach does not feel right.
Electional astrology
Constellations are grouped on the basis of their nature, type of their face, degree of their beneficence, their quarters in different signs, with reference to the constellation occupied by the Sun, with reference to the birth constellation (Janma Nakshatra), their caste, etc. The current constellation occupied by the Moon, and its nature forms the fundamental of Vedic system of electional astrology (Muhurta). Some of the activities and works which are associated with the Nakshatras are given below based on their fundamental nature:
- Fixed (Dhruva, Sthira) constellations:
Rohini, Uttara BhÄdrapadÄ, Uttra Falguni, and Uttara Ashada
Fixed and permanent nature, house, village, temple, entering in new hose-city-temple, religious works, rites for getting peace, propitiation of portents, Vinayaka Shanti, coronation, sowing of seeds, planting of small garden, starting of vocal music, friendship, sexual works, making & wearing of ornaments & clothes may be auspiciously begun / effectively performed. Works allocated to delicate & friendly (Mridu) asterisms may also be performed.
- Movable (Chala , Chara) constellations:
Punarvasu, Swaati, Sharavana, ShatabhishÄ & ShravishthÄ
Related to motion & movement, riding on a vehicle or elephant, opening of shop, walking first time, walking in garden, sex, making jewellery, learning of a trait. Things performed in Small (Laghu) constellation are also effectively performed in the Movable constellations.
- Cruel (Ugra, Karur) constellations:
Magha, Bharani, Porva Palguni, Poorva Shada, & Poorva Bhadra.
Ambush, burning, poisoning (self & others), making & using weapons especially related to fire, cheating / deception / wickedness / craftiness, cutting & destroying, controlling of animals, beating & punishing of enemy. Works allocated to Sharp / Horrible (Darun) asterisms are also successfully done in these asterisms.
- Mixed (Mishra & Sadharan) constellations
Vishakha & Krittika.
Fire works, burning of sacred fire (Agnihotra), using poison, fearsome works, arresting, adulteration (mixing), donation of ox to get one’s desires fulfilled (Vrashotsarga). Works prescribed under cruel (Ugra, Karur) constellations may also be performed. As per N.S. works of Sweet / delicate & friendly (Mridu & Maitri) constellations can also be included.
- Small (Laghu & Kshipra) constellations
Hasta, Abhijit, Pushya, and Ashvini.
Selling, medical knowledge, using & handling of medicines, literature-music-art, the 64 Kala Shilpa (various arts, sculpture etc.) jewellery making & wearing, sexual intercourse. And the works prescribed for Movable (Char) constellations. Though Abhijit is included in Small group of asterisms, but is rarely referred in the Muhurt prescriptions.
- Sweet/Delicate & Friendly (Mridu & Maitri) constellations
Mrigashīrsha, Chitra, Anuradha and Revati.
Starting & learning singing of songs, clothes & jewellery making & wearing, Manglik works, matter related to friends, female company, enjoyments, sexual passions.
- Sharp & Horrible ( Teekshan & Darun ) constellations:
Jyeshta, Ardra, Ashlesha, and Moola
Charm or spell causing disease or death, hypnotism, sorcery; ghost, ambush, horror, murder, capture, matters related to secrecy, backbiting, starting of quarrel, separation, matters related to friendship & breaking thereof, training & tying of animals, pleasure works, playing games, getting made & wearing of new dress & ornaments, starting & learning singing of songs, entering into village / city, peaceful & developmental works.
Names in modern languages
The names of nakshatras in other languages are adapted from the Sanskrit variation (apabhramsa) through Pali or Prakrit. The variations evolved for easier pronunciation in popular usage.
# | Sanskrit | Bengali name নকà§à¦·à¦¤à§à¦° | Malayalam name മലയാളം | Tamil name தமிழ௠| Telugu name తెలà±à°—à± | Kannada name ಕನà³à²¨à²¡ | Western star name | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | AÅ›vinÄ« अशà¥à¤µà¤¿à¤¨à¥€ | AÅ›vinÄ« অশà§à¦¬à¦¿à¦¨à§€ | Ashvati à´…à´¶àµà´µà´¤à´¿ | Puravi பà¯à®°à®µà®¿ | AÅ›vinÄ« à°…à°¶à±à°µà°¿à°¨à°¿ | AÅ›vinÄ« ಅಶà³à²µà²¿à²¨à²¿ | β and γ Arietis | |
2 | Bharaṇī à¤à¤°à¤£à¥€ | Bharaṇī à¦à¦°à¦£à§€ | Bharaṇi à´à´°à´£à´¿ | Aduppukondai | அடà¯à®ªà¯à®ªà¯à®•à¯à®•à¯Šà®£à¯à®Ÿà¯ˆ | Bharaṇi à°à°°à°£à°¿ | Bharaṇi à²à²°à²£à²¿ | 35, 39, and 41 Arietis |
3 | Ká¹›ttikÄ à¤•à¥ƒà¤¤à¥à¤¤à¤¿à¤•à¤¾ | Ká¹›ttikÄ à¦•à§ƒà¦¤à§à¦¤à¦¿à¦•à¦¾ | KÄrttika കാർതàµà´¤à´¿à´• | Aaral ஆரல௠| Ká¹›ttika కృతà±à°¤à°¿à°• | Kruthike ಕೃತಿಕೆ | Pleiades | |
4 | Rohiṇī रोहिणी | Rohiṇī রোহিণী | RÅhiṇi രോഹിണി | Sagadu சகட௠| RÅhiṇi రోహిణి | RÅhiṇi ರೋಹಿಣಿ | Aldebaran | |
5 | Má¹›gaÅ›iras मà¥à¤°à¥ƒà¤—शीरà¥à¤·à¤¾ | Má¹›gaÅ›iras মৃগশিরা | Makayiram മകയിരം | Maandralai மானà¯à®±à®²à¯ˆ | Má¹›gaÅ›ira మృగశిర | Má¹›gaÅ›ira ಮೃಗಶಿರ | λ, φ Orionis | |
6 | Ä€rdrÄ à¤†à¤¦à¥à¤°à¤¾ | Ä€rdrÄ à¦†à¦°à§à¦¦à§à¦°à¦¾ | Ä€tira or TiruvÄtira ആതിര (തിരàµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¿à´°) | Moodhirai மூதிரை | Arudra ఆరà±à°¦à±à°° | Aridra ಆರಿದà³à²° | Betelgeuse | |
7 | Punarvasu पà¥à¤¨à¤°à¥à¤µà¤¸à¥ | Punarvasu পà§à¦¨à¦°à§à¦¬à¦¸à§ | Puṇartam à´ªàµà´£àµ¼à´¤à´‚ | Kazhali கழை | Punarvasu à°ªà±à°¨à°°à±à°µà°¸à± | Punarvasu ಪà³à²¨à²°à³à²µà²¸à³ | Castor and Pollux | |
8 | Puá¹£ya पà¥à¤·à¥à¤¯ | Puá¹£ya পà§à¦·à§à¦¯à¦¾ (তিষà§à¦¯à¦¾) | PÅ«yam പൂയം | Kaarkulam காறà¯à®•à¯à®³à®®à¯ | Puá¹£yami à°ªà±à°·à±à°¯à°®à°¿ | Puá¹£ya ಪà³à²·à³à²¯ | γ, δ and θ Cancri | |
9 | AÅ›leá¹£Ä à¤†à¤¶à¥à¤³à¥‡à¤·à¤¾ / आशà¥à¤²à¥‡à¤·à¤¾ | AÅ›leá¹£Ä à¦…à¦¶à§à¦²à§‡à¦·à¦¾ | Ä€yilyam ആയിലàµà´¯à´‚ | Katsevi கடà¯à®šà¯†à®µà®¿ | AÅ›leá¹£a ఆశà±à°²à±‡à°· | AÅ›leá¹£a ಆಶà³à²²à³‡à²· | δ, ε, η, Ï, and σ Hydrae | |
10 | MaghÄ à¤®à¤˜à¤¾ | MaghÄ à¦®à¦˜à¦¾ | Makam മകം | Kodunugam கொடà¯à®¨à¯à®•à®®à¯ | Makha or Magha మఖ or మాఘ | Makha ಮಖ | Regulus | |
11 | PÅ«rva or PÅ«rva Phalguṇī पूरà¥à¤µ फालà¥à¤—à¥à¤¨à¥€ | PÅ«rva or PÅ«rva Phalguṇī পূরà§à¦¬ ফলà§à¦—à§à¦¨à§€ | PÅ«ram പൂരം | Kanai கணை | PÅ«rva Phalguṇī or Pubba పూరà±à°µà°¾ à°«à°²à±à°—à±à°£à°¿ or à°ªà±à°¬à±à°¬ | Pubba ಪà³à²¬à³à²¬, ಪೂರà³à²µ-ಫಲà³à²—à³à²£à²¿ | δ and θ Leonis | |
12 | Uttara or Uttara Phalguṇī उतà¥à¤¤à¤° फालà¥à¤—à¥à¤¨à¥€ | Uttara or Uttara Phalguṇī উতà§à¦¤à¦° ফলà§à¦—à§à¦¨à§€ | Utram ഉതàµà´°à´‚ | Uththaram உதà¯à®¤à®°à®®à¯ | Uttara Phalguṇi or Uttara ఉతà±à°¤à°° à°«à°²à±à°—à±à°£à°¿ or ఉతà±à°¤à°° | Utthara ಉತà³à²¤à²°, ಉತà³à²¤à²°-ಫಲà³à²—à³à²£à²¿ | Denebola | |
13 | Hasta हसà¥à¤¤ | Hasta হসà§à¦¤à¦¾ | Attam à´…à´¤àµà´¤à´‚ | Aivral/Kai à®à®µà®¿à®°à®²à¯/ கை | Hasta హసà±à°¤ | Hasta ಹಸà³à²¤ | α, β, γ, δ and ε Corvi | |
14 | CitrÄ à¤šà¤¿à¤¤à¥à¤°à¤¾ | CitrÄ à¦šà¦¿à¦¤à§à¦°à¦¾ | Chittira (Chitra) à´šà´¿à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´° (à´šà´¿à´¤àµà´°) | Aruvai à®…à®±à¯à®µà¯ˆ | CittÄ or CitrÄ à°šà°¿à°¤à±à°¤à°¾ or à°šà°¿à°¤à±à°°à°¾ | Citta ಚಿತà³à²¤ | Spica | |
15 | SvÄti सà¥à¤µà¤¾à¤¤à¤¿ | SvÄti সà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦¤à§€ | ChÅti ചോതി | Vilakku விளகà¯à®•à¯ | SvÄti à°¸à±à°µà°¾à°¤à°¿ | SvÄti ಸà³à²µà²¾à²¤à²¿ | Arcturus | |
16 | ViÅ›Äkha विशाखा | ViÅ›Äkha বিশাখা | VishÄkham വിശാഖം | Muram à®®à¯à®±à®®à¯ | ViÅ›Äkha విశాఖ | ViÅ›Äkhe ವಿಶಾಖೆ | α, β, γ and ι Librae | |
17 | AnurÄdhÄ à¤…à¤¨à¥à¤°à¤¾à¤§à¤¾ | AnurÄdhÄ à¦…à¦¨à§à¦°à¦¾à¦§à¦¾ | Anizham അനിഴം | Mudappanai à®®à¯à®Ÿà®ªà¯à®ªà®©à¯ˆ | AnurÄdhÄ à°…à°¨à±‚à°°à°¾à°§ | AnurÄdhÄ à²…à²¨à³à²°à²¾à²§ | β, δ and Ï€ Scorpionis | |
18 | Jyeá¹£á¹ha जà¥à¤¯à¥‡à¤·à¥à¤ ा | Jyeá¹£á¹ha জà§à¦¯à§‡à¦·à§à¦ া | KÄ“á¹á¹a (TrikkÄ“á¹á¹a) കേടàµà´Ÿ (തൃകàµà´•àµ‡à´Ÿàµà´Ÿ) | Thulangoli தà¯à®³à®™à¯à®•à¯Šà®³à®¿ | Jyeá¹£á¹ha à°œà±à°¯à±‡à°·à±à° | Jyeá¹£á¹ha ಜà³à²¯à³‡à²·à³à² | α, σ, and Ï„ Scorpionis | |
19 | MÅ«la मूल/मूळ | MÅ«la মূলা | MÅ«lam മൂലം | Kurugu கà¯à®±à¯à®•à¯ | MÅ«la మూల | MÅ«la ಮೂಲ | ε, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, λ, μ and ν Scorpionis | |
20 | PÅ«rvÄá¹£Äá¸ha पूरà¥à¤µà¤¾à¤·à¤¾à¤¢à¤¾ | PÅ«rvÄá¹£Äá¸ha পূরà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦·à¦¾à¦¢à¦¼à¦¾ | PÅ«rÄá¹am പൂരാടം | Udaikulam உடைகà¯à®³à®®à¯ | PÅ«rvÄá¹£Äá¸ha పూరà±à°µà°¾à°·à°¾à°¢ | PÅ«rvÄá¹£Äá¸ha ಪೂರà³à²µà²¾à²·à²¾à²¢ | δ and ε Sagittarii | |
21 | UttarÄá¹£Äá¸ha उतà¥à¤¤à¤°à¤¾à¤·à¤¾à¤¢à¤¾ | UttarÄá¹£Äá¸ha উতà§à¦¤à¦°à¦¾à¦·à¦¾à¦¢à¦¼à¦¾ | UtrÄá¹am ഉതàµà´°à´¾à´Ÿà´‚ | Kadaikkulam கடைகà¯à®•à¯à®³à®®à¯ | UttarÄá¹£Äá¸ha ఉతà±à°¤à°°à°¾à°·à°¾à°¢ | UttarÄá¹£Äá¸ha ಉತà³à²¤à²°à²¾à²·à²¾à²¢ | ζ and σ Sagittarii | |
22 | Åšravaṇa शà¥à¤°à¤µà¤£ | Åšravaṇa শà§à¦°à¦¬à¦£à¦¾ | TiruvÅnam ഓണം (തിരàµà´µàµ‹à´£à´‚) | Mukkol à®®à¯à®•à¯à®•à¯‹à®³à¯ | Åšravaṇaá¹ à°¶à±à°°à°µà°£à°‚ | Åšravaṇa ಶà³à²°à²µà²£ | α, β and γ Aquilae | |
23 | Åšraviá¹£á¹hÄ or Dhaniá¹£há¹ha शà¥à¤°à¤µà¤¿à¤·à¥à¤ ा or धनिषà¥à¤ ा | Åšraviá¹£á¹hÄ or Dhaniá¹£á¹ha ধনিষà§à¦ া (শà§à¦°à¦¬à¦¿à¦·à§à¦ া) | Aviá¹á¹am അവിടàµà´Ÿà´‚ | Kaakkai காகà¯à®•à¯ˆ | Dhaniá¹£há¹ha ధనిషà±à° | Dhaniá¹£á¹ha ಧನಿಷà³à² | α to δ Delphinus | |
24 | Åšatabhiá¹£ak or ÅšatatÄrakÄ à¤¶à¤¤à¤à¤¿à¤·à¤•à¥ / शततारका | Åšatabhiá¹£ak or ÅšatatÄrakÄ à¦¶à¦¤à¦à¦¿à¦·à¦¾ | Chatayam ചതയം | Chekku செகà¯à®•à¯ | Åšatabhiá¹£aṠశతà°à°¿à°·à°‚ | Åšatabhiá¹£a ಶತà²à²¿à²· | γ Aquarii | |
25 | PÅ«rva BhÄdrapadÄ à¤ªà¥‚à¤°à¥à¤µà¤à¤¾à¤¦à¥à¤°à¤ªà¤¦à¤¾ / पूरà¥à¤µà¤ªà¥à¤°à¥‹à¤·à¥à¤ पदा | PÅ«rva BhÄdrapadÄ à¦ªà§‚à¦°à§à¦¬ à¦à¦¾à¦¦à§à¦°à¦ªà¦¦ | PÅ«ruruá¹á¹Äti പൂരàµà´°àµà´Ÿàµà´Ÿà´¾à´¤à´¿ | PÅ«raá¹á¹Ädhi நாழி | PÅ«rvÄbhÄdra పూరà±à°µà°¾à°à°¾à°¦à±à°° | PÅ«rvÄbhÄdra ಪೂರà³à²µà²¾ à²à²¾à²¦à³à²° | α and β Pegasi | |
26 | Uttara BhÄdrapadÄ à¤‰à¤¤à¥à¤¤à¤°à¤à¤¾à¤¦à¥à¤°à¤ªà¤¦à¤¾ / उतà¥à¤¤à¤°à¤ªà¥à¤°à¥‹à¤·à¥à¤ पदा | Uttara BhÄdrapadÄ à¦‰à¦¤à§à¦¤à¦° à¦à¦¾à¦¦à§à¦°à¦ªà¦¦ | Uttá¹›á¹á¹Äti ഉതàµà´°à´Ÿàµà´Ÿà´¾à´¤à´¿ | Uttá¹›á¹á¹Ädhi à®®à¯à®°à®šà¯ | UttarÄbhÄdra ఉతà±à°¤à°°à°¾à°à°¾à°¦à±à°° | UttarÄbhÄdra ಉತà³à²¤à²°à²¾ à²à²¾à²¦à³à²° | γ Pegasi and α Andromedae | |
27 | Revatī रेवती | Revatī রেবতী | Rēvati രേവതി | Rēvathi தோணி | Rēvati రే తి | Rēvati ರೇವತಿ | ζ Piscium |
த
See also
- Atmakaraka
- Navagraha
- Panchangam
- Gandanta
- Chinese constellation
- Twenty-eight mansions
- Decans (Egyptian)
References
- ↑ trans. Ralph T. H. Griffith, Hymns of the Atharva Veda, 1895[].
Original text via GRETIL from Gli inni dell’ Atharvaveda (Saunaka), trasliterazione a cura di Chatia Orlandi, Pisa 1991, collated with the ed. R. Roth and W.D. Whitney: Atharva Veda Sanhita, Berlin 1856.
- citrÄÌṇi sÄkáṃ divà rocanÄÌni sarÄ«srÌ¥pÄÌṇi bhúvane javÄÌni | turmÃÅ›aṃ sumatÃm ichámÄno áhÄni gÄ«rbhÃḥ saparyÄmi nÄÌkam
- suhávam agne kÅ•Ì¥ttikÄ róhiṇī cÄÌstu bhadráṃ mrÌ¥gáśiraḥ śám ÄrdrÄÌ | púnarvasÅ« sÅ«nÅ•Ì¥tÄ cÄÌru púṣyo bhÄnúr ÄÅ›leá¹£ÄÌ Ã¡yanaṃ maghÄÌ me
- púṇyaṃ pÅ«ÌrvÄ phálgunyau cÄÌtra hástaÅ› citrÄÌ Å›ivÄÌ svÄtà sukhó me astu | rÄÌdhe viÅ›ÄÌkhe suhávÄnurÄdhÄÌ jyéṣá¹hÄ sunáká¹£atram áriá¹£á¹a mÅ«Ìlam
- ánnaṃ pÅ«ÌrvÄ rÄsatÄṃ me aá¹£ÄdhÄÌ Å«Ìrjaṃ devy úttarÄ ÄÌ vahantu | abhijÃn me rÄsatÄṃ púṇyam evá Å›rávaṇaḥ Å›ráviá¹£á¹hÄḥ kurvatÄṃ supuá¹£á¹Ãm
- ÄÌ me mahác chatábhiá¹£ag várÄ«ya ÄÌ me dvayÄÌ próṣá¹hapadÄ suśárma | ÄÌ revátÄ« cÄÅ›vayújau bhágaṃ ma ÄÌ me rayÃṃ bháraṇya ÄÌ vahantu
- 1 2 Burgess, Ebenezer (1858). Translation of the Surya Siddhantha, a Textbook of Hindu Astronomy. The American Oriental Society.
- ↑ Arthur Llewellyn Basham, Indian Astronomy Appendix: Astronomy.
- ↑ Its longitude starts from 06° 40' to 10° 53' 40 in sidereal Capricorn i.e. from the last quarter of Uttra Ashadha to first 1/15 th part of Shravana. Its span is 4° 13' 40. The span of 27 mean daily lunar motions totals 355.76167 degrees, and together these total 359.98945 degrees. Considered an "intercalary" lunar mansion.
External links
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