Paleoliberalism

Paleoliberalism is a seldom used term for extreme liberalism of a variety of forms. A paleoliberal is "Extremely or stubbornly liberal in political matters."^[1] Because liberalism itself has several different radically different meanings, the terms paleoliberalism carries ambiguity and has been used to describe opposite policy positions and political philosophies.

The term has been used to refer to an extreme or "unreconstructed" exponent of modern American liberalism. For example, Brian Doherty writing in Reason in 1997 used the term to refer to Richard Gephardt in his opposition to Clinton's free trade policies.^[2]

It can also be used to describe liberals who are more socialist in political outlook, and to modern liberals who are opposed to neoliberalism. If this meaning is used, then paleoliberals and neoliberals are opposed to each other on many economic, social and political issues.

According to Michael Lind, the terms applies to foreign policy hawks who later became Neoconservatives. Lind argues that in the late 1960s and early 1970s many anti-Soviet liberals and social democrats, such as Henry ("Scoop") Jackson, thought of themselves as "paleoliberals."

However, the term can also be used to describe the exact opposite of these views, and has been used by Alexander Rüstow, to describe European laissez-faire liberals like Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek. Used in this sense, the terms "paleoliberal", "neoliberal", "classical liberal" and "liberal" all have similar meaning.

See also

• Classical liberalism
• Neoliberalism
• Paleolibertarianism
• Paleoconservatism

Footnotes and references

1. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
2. Doherty, Brian (1997-10-01) Swap Meat, Reason

1. ^ Gresser, "Trade Myths".
2. ^ Sullivan, "Good Choice. Bad Speech", and "Hunger Stalks N.J. Suburbs" (on the site of TimesWatch.org) also use the word in this sense.
3. ^ Lind, "A Tragedy of Errors".
4. ^ Nash, "A Cold War Paleoliberal".
5. ^ A typical example of use in a blog is lowercase liberty: paleoliberalism (posted September 20, 2005, retrieved December 20, 2005) by B.K. Marcus. The article Paleoliberalism on the Libertarian Wiki uses this meaning of the term, but provides no references.
6. ^ Oliver Jr., Henry M. (1960). "German Neoliberalism". Quarterly Journal of Economics (The MIT Press) 74 (1): 117–149. doi:10.2307/1884137. JSTOR 1884137.

• —, Hunger Stalks N.J. Suburbs from TimesWatch.org, a project of the Heritage Foundation, March 24, 2004, accessed December 12, 2005.
• Doherty, Brian, Swap Meat: Friends and critics miss the point on NAFTA, Reason, October 1997, accessed December 12, 2005.
• Gresser, Edward, Trade Myths: Book Review, Blueprint Magazine (magazine of the Democratic Leadership Council's Progressive Policy Institute), May 7, 2004. A review of In Defense of Globalization by Jagdish Bhagwati. Accessed December 12, 2005.
• Lind, Michael, A Tragedy of Errors. The Nation, posted February 5, 2004 (February 23, 2004 issue), accessed December 12, 2005.
• Nash, George H. "A Cold War Paleoliberal". New York Times Nov 10, 1991. p. BR26
• Sullivan, Andrew. Good Choice. Bad Speech., TNR online, July 7, 2004. Accessed December 12, 2005.