Panarthropoda

Panarthropoda Temporal range: Cambrian - Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Superphylum:	Ecdysozoa
(unranked):	Panarthropoda Nielsen, 1997
Phyla and unplaced genera
Arthropoda Onychophora Tardigrada Thelxiope

Panarthropoda is an animal taxon combining the phyla Arthropoda, Tardigrada, Onychophora, and the extinct genus Thelxiope.^[1] Not all studies support it,^[2] but most do, including neuroanatomical,^[3] mitogenomic^[4] and palaeontological^[5] studies. Originally, they were considered to be closely related to the annelids, grouped together as the Articulata, but newer studies place them among the Ecdysozoa.

Common characteristics of the Panarthropoda include the presence of legs and claws, a ventral nervous system, and a segmented body.

References

↑ Telford, M. J (2008). "The evolution of the Ecdysozoa". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363 (1496): 1529–1537. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2243. PMC 2614232. PMID 18192181.
↑ Dunn, C. W.; Hejnol, A.; Matus, D. Q.; Pang, K.; Browne, W. E.; Smith, S. A.; Seaver, E.; Rouse, G. W.; Obst, M.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Sørensen, M. V.; Haddock, S. H. D.; Schmidt-Rhaesa, A.; Okusu, A.; Kristensen, R. M. B.; Wheeler, W. C.; Martindale, M. Q.; Giribet, G. (2008). "Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life". Nature 452 (7188): 745–749. doi:10.1038/nature06614. PMID 18322464.
↑ Persson, Dennis K. (2012). "Neuroanatomy of Halobiotus crispae (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae): Tardigrade brain structure supports the clade panarthropoda". Journal of Morphology 273 (11): 1227–1245. doi:10.1002/jmor.20054.
↑ Rota-Stabelli, O.; Kayal, E.; Gleeson, D.; Daub, J.; Boore, J.; Telford, M.; Pisani, D.; Blaxter, M.; Lavrov, D. (2010). "Ecdysozoan mitogenomics: evidence for a common origin of the legged invertebrates, the Panarthropoda". Genome biology and evolution 2: 425–440. doi:10.1093/gbe/evq030. PMC 2998192. PMID 20624745.
↑ Ou, Qiang (2012). "Cambrian lobopodians and extant onychophorans provide new insights into early cephalization in Panarthropoda". Nature Communications 3: 1261. doi:10.1038/ncomms2272.

Extant phyla of kingdom Animalia

Domain: Archaea; Bacteria; Eukaryota
(Kingdom: Plant; Hacrobia; Heterokont; Alveolata; Rhizaria; Excavata; Amoebozoa; Animal; Fungi)

P
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Cnidaria (corals, anemones, hydrozoans, jellyfish, myxozoans)

B
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Xenacoelomorpha	Xenoturbellida (Xenoturbella) Acoelomorpha (acoels, nemertodermatids)

N
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p
h
r
o
z
o
a

Deuterostomia

Chordata (lancelets, tunicates, craniates)

Ambulacraria	Hemichordata (acorn worms, pterobranchs) Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchins and relatives)

P
r
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basal / incertae sedis	Chaetognatha (arrow worms)

Ecdysozoa
(molting animals)

Incertae sedis	Loricifera

Scalidophora	Kinorhyncha (mud dragons) Priapulida (penis worms)

Nematoida	Nematomorpha (horsehair worms) Nematoda (roundworms)

Panarthropoda	Tardigrada (waterbears) Onychophora (velvet worms) Arthropoda (arthropods)

Spiralia

Gnathifera

Platytrochozoa

Rouphozoa

Lophotrochozoa

Orthonectida¹ Dicyemida (Rhombozoa)¹ Mollusca (molluscs) Nemertea (ribbon worms) Annelida (ringed worms)

Lophophorata	Brachiopoda (lamp shells) Phoronida (horseshoe worms) Bryozoa (Ectoprocta) (moss animals)

Clade	Cycliophora (Symbion) Entoprocta (Kamptozoa)

Incertae sedis

Dendrogramma

Dubious

Monoblastozoa (Salinella)

Obsolete

Now in Arthropoda	Pentastomida (tongue worms)

Now in Syndermata	Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms) Rotifera (wheel animals)

Now in Annelida	Sipuncula (peanut worms) Echiura (spoon worms) Pogonophora (giant tube worms) Vestimentifera

Now in Cnidaria	Myxozoa

¹Mesozoans

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