Pereira, Colombia
| Pereira | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| City | |||
| |||
| Nickname(s): La Querendona, Trasnochadora y Morena | |||
| Motto: Pereira con Vida | |||
 Location of the city and municipality of Pereira in Risaralda Department. | |||
  Pereira Location in Colombia | |||
| Coordinates: 4°48′51.4″N 75°41′40.41″W / 4.814278°N 75.6945583°WCoordinates: 4°48′51.4″N 75°41′40.41″W / 4.814278°N 75.6945583°W | |||
| Country | Colombia | ||
| Department | Risaralda | ||
| Region | Andean | ||
| Foundation | August 30, 1863 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Juan Pablo Gallo Maya | ||
| Area | |||
| • City | 702 km2 (271 sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 628 km2 (242 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 1,411 m (4,629 ft) | ||
| Population (2016 est.) | |||
| • City | 472,023 | ||
| • Density | 670/km2 (1,700/sq mi) | ||
| Demonym(s) | Pereiran | ||
| Time zone | Eastern Time Zone (UTC-05) | ||
| Area code(s) | 57 + 6 | ||
| Website | Official website (Spanish) | ||
Pereira is the capital city of the Colombian Department (governmental region) of Risaralda. It is located in the west of Colombia in the foothills of the Andes in a coffee producing área called the Coffee Axis o Eje Cafetero. Pereira is a city with over than 1.000.000 habitants in the Metropolitan Area, which is conformed by the neighbouring city of Dosquebradas and La Virginia. Pereira is one of the youngest cities in Colombia, with roughly 150 years of creation, however it is the most important city in the Coffee Axis or Eje Cafetero, and one of the most important cities nationwide.
Pereira, alongside with the rest of the Coffee Axis o Eje Cafetero form part of UNESCO World Heratige Site as the Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia.[1]
As the capital of the department of Risaralda, Pereira houses the headquarters of the Government of Risaralda, Departmental Assembly, Departmental Court, Metropolitan Area Authority and the Attorney General. It also headquarters for numerous public companies and institutions and bodies of the Colombian state. Being in the center of the Golden Triangle ( Bogota, Medellin and Cali ) has become important, especially in the field of trade and logistics.
Location
Pereira is located in what is known as the Golden Triangle, because it is located in the middle of Bogota, Medellin and Cali. Pereira is located in the Central Cordillera (mountain range) of Colombia in the valley of the river Otún and part of the Cauca river valley. To the north is La Virginia and Marseille Dosquebradas. To the northeast is Santa Rosa de Cabal and to the east is Tolima. To the south is Quindío and Valle del Cauca and to the west is Balboa and Valle del Cauca.
Geography
The city follows the relief of the land with some steep or high areas. Its elevation is about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). It is located in a zone of high seismic vulnerability.[2]
Waterways
The main lake if the city is the Lake Otun, which feed the River Otun. The river system of the municipality includes the rivers Cauca, The Barbas River, The Old River, The Otún River, the Consota and many tributaries.
History
The indigenous people of Pereira were the Quimbaya, a community of gold artisans.[3]
In about 1540 CE, the Spanish arrived in the area. The first settlement, Cartago Viejo was founded by the conquistadors, Jorge Robledo and Diego de Mendoza. In about 1691, the settlement was moved to the current location of Pereira.[4]
In 1816, the brothers, José Francisco and Manuel Pereira, took shelter near the settlement after the defeat of Simón Bolivar and his army at the Battle of Cachiri. José Francisco died on 24 August 1863. On 30 August 1863, Remigio Antonio Cañarte, a priest, arrived from Cartago and founded Pereira at the site, granted by the Pereira family for the city, which is now the Plaza de Bolivar.
In the 1920s particularly, settlers from Antioquia moved to Pereira for its economically strategic location, fertile soil, and good weather. The settlers grew large quantities of high-quality coffee in the mineral-rich, volcanic, Andean soil.[5] Other produce included sugarcane and cattle.[6] Settlers also came from cities such as Valle del Cauca and Bogotá. In the economic recession of 1999, and the low-growth years of 2000 and 2001, some residents of Pereira emigrated to the United States and Spain.
Towards the years 2005 and 2006, Pereira recovered from decline and went into an economic boom, with new office, retail and housing development, and most importantly Megabus, the main public transportation system in the área was opened to the public.
During these year up until 2016, Pereira has been an epicenter of massive urban redevelopment with many worldwide companies opening in Pereira new stores, factores and logistical centers. Pereira is truly convertign into the capital city of the Coffee Axis or Eje Cafetero region, with many residents from many neighbouring cities like Armenia and Manizales coming to Pereira to buy good and clothes in stores that are only found in Pereira.
Governance
The Pereira municipal area covers 702 square kilometres (702,000,000 m2). Pereira is divided into 19 neighbourhoods: Ferrocarril, Olímpica, San Joaquín, Cuba, Del Café, El Oso, Perla del Otún, Consota, El Rocío, El Poblado, El Jardín, San Nicolás, Centro, Río Otún, Boston, Universidad, Villavicencio, Oriente y Villasantana. Pereira has also rural neighbourhoods called Altagracia, Arabia, Caimalito, Cerritos, La Florida, Puerto Caldas, Combia Alta, Combia Baja, La Bella, Estrella- La Palmilla, Morelia, Tribunas. Pereira together with La Virginia, and Dosquebradas form the Area Metropolitana de Centro Occidente (AMCO). This means the three cities work together and share many services like Megabus for a better living for all the citezens.
Demographics
In 2005, Pereira had about 576,329 residents and was the sixth largest city of Colombia. Pereira has a twin city, Dosquebradas, (about five minutes drive from the Plaza de Bolivar), which has about 200,000 residents. The Pereira conurbation with a total population of about 986,000 includes Cartago, La Virginia, and Santa Rosa de Cabal. Pereira, Dosquebradas and La Virginia comprise the Pereira metropolitan area. As a result of urbanisation, Pereira is one of Colombia's cities with the most equitable distribution of wealth.[7]
Economy
The municipality of Pereira has a diversified economy in its economic structure, the primary sector accounts for 5.7% of the GDP, the secondary sector shows a relative weight of 26.2% in the municipality and the tertiary sector is the most representative with magnitudes 68.1%. GDP Pereira grew 3.7% in 2004, certainly this year was successful where several events revived the economy, as the flagship program of the national government, greater fluidity in the financial system, residents sent overseas compatriots who have an important impact on consumption, the above accompanied by improved oil prices, coal, nickel, coffee. These developments were reflected in the increase in both the supply and demand for goods and services.
Trade is the second generating employment activity, Pereira has been carrying out a process in formal trade, an important part is already in shopping centers (Alcides Arevalo, Bolivar Plaza, Lake Plaza, Novacentro, Parque Arboleda, Pereira Plaza, Victoria, Unicentro, etc.) where there is a wide variety of products and services which can be seen in the short term as successful.
Multinational presence as Jumbo with a hypermarket, and two smaller stores, Unicentro and Dosquebradas, Exito with another hypermarket and four of this firm in the center, in the municipality of Dosquebradas, in the sector of Cuba and Parque Arboleda, Homecenter, Hypermarket Alkosto, Makro hypermarket.
In less year McDonalds opened 3 restaurants and 5 dessert centers also reached the city. Major company Cinemark opened cinemas in Parque Arboleda and in Unicentro. Unemployment figures for 2016 are very positive, with the unemployment rate under the national standard
Hotels and resorts in recent times have been constructed, several establishments located in downtown Pereira and in the outskirts such as Sonesta Cerritos which can be interpreted as an expansion of visitors to the city for various reasons, creating added value in different sectors.
Agriculture
In the region of Pereira, agricultural employment is 70 percent in permanent cropping, 8 percent in annual crops and 22 percent engaging transient workers. Agricultural products include a variety of crops such as sugarcane, cacao and rubber, cereals, coffee and livestock. Pereira is part of the Colombian coffee growing axis.[6]
Manufacturing
Pereira's main manufacturing product is apparel. Other products include aluminium goods, motorcycles and telecommunications technology. Pereira also hosts multinational corporations such as Avesco, Nestle and Coats. In the future, Ethanol may be produced in Pereira, as sugarcane (an essential raw material for ethanol production) is farmed in the nearby Cauca valley.[8]
Logistics
Pereira is a centre for transport logistics. Logistics companies include Servientrega International Logistics, FedEx, DHL, Central and TCC. There are logistics centres in Dosquebradas and Alpina.
In 2016, two mayor companies opened logistal center in Pereira. The first was Deprisa, the subsidiary company of Avianca of correpondance and mail, it opened in Pereira as a logistal center of the whole Region of the Coffee Axis. The second being the Logistical center for the national supermarket chain Exito, with a logistical center serving as well as before, the entire Coffee Axis Region, that compromises the cities of Manizales, Pereira, Armenia and Cartago.
Pereira is also in the process of being two logistical parks, which already houses important national companies like D1 Supermarkets distribution center, as well as Alberto VO5 national distribution center.
Pereira also houses the Zona Franca, or Free Zonewhich is becoming increasing important at a national level.
Trade and commerce
Trade and commerce is the second biggest employment sector in Pereira and in 2010, Pereira is the city with the highest rate of unemployment in Colombia. Commercial enterprises include malls, home centres, hypermarkets and supermarkets. There are also fast food outlets, hotels and a convention centre.
Tourism
Pereira is known nationally for being an important city of tourism, attracting visitors for being in the center of the Coffee Cultural Landscape of UNESCO. Pereira has several landmarks which attract tourists like the Bolivar Statue, the Viaduct, and its many open air Swimming pools and recreational parks. Lake Otún and Santa Isabel, provide a destination for sports adventure tourism. Pereira also has a "night life" with bars and nightclubs located mostly in the Circunvalar Avenue. Pereira is also a Health Destination, with many clinics providing many health care specialist, as well as Estetic Clinics.
Architecture
In the city center you can see different buildings, dominated by the republican style buildings of few floors, in the Ciudad Victoria, you can see from buildings modern style to colonial style (being very few), being the area covered by the center, Ciudad Victoria, and Av. Circunvalar, historical, modern, economic and commercial center of the city.
The reconstruction of the old gallery sector is the largest project of social and economic renewal has been made in the city. Since the early 80s he began to speak in Pereira of the need for action renewal in the area due to the deterioration of this sector. Through the figure of the Urban Renewal municipality allowed the development of what is now Ciudad Victoria (Pereira) | Ciudad Victoria, which has varied public spaces, among which the Plaza de Bolivar, located in the streets 19 and 20, between Seventh and Eighth races, opposite the Cathedral of Our Lady of Poverty, it is famous for its Naked Bolivar monument. The area is the main center of commercial and financial activities of the city as well as a meeting place for its inhabitants.
There is also the Lucy Tejada Cultural Center, located at the site of the central gallery, where the Cultural Institute of Pereira is located, the Band, the Issuer "Remigio Antonio Cañarte", the station Pereira Air, the Municipal Library, Exhibition Hall and the headquarters of the Academy of History from Pereira, music workshops, theater and dance and shops related to the cultural theme. It was opened in 2005 on the occasion of the celebrations of the city.14 anniversarias For a more direct communication between Ciudad Victoria and industry Avenue Circunvalar there flyover, a bridge that allows two-way connection, both pedestrian level as ciclorruta.
The most important stage of concerts, artistic performances and core of the cultural life of Pereira, is the Teatro Municipal Santiago Londoño, which pays tribute to one of its most prominent mecenas15. The city also has the Library and Exhibition Centre, Bank of the Republic and the Museum of Modern Art, the latter with modern exhibition halls and auditorium. Pereira is considered one of the cities with the best infrastructure in the country the famous Hotel Colonial is one of the most renowned attractions
Victoria has the Egoyá Linear Park between Calles 14 and 18, with 0.6 ha of parkland. Its name comes from the old broken, now underground, Egoyá through the center of the city. On the other hand, the Civic Plaza Ciudad Victoria, is where the main events and festivals in the city are made.
Among the most representative works of the city they are:
Naked Bolivar: Rodrigo Arenas Betancourt. Bolivar plaza. Monument to the Founders: Rodrigo Arenas Betancourt. Carrera 13 with Calle 12. Chained Prometheus: Rodrigo Arenas Betancourt. Technological University of Pereira. Without Christ Cross: Rodrigo Arenas Betancourt. Church of Our Lady of Fatima. Rebeca: Leonidas Mendez. Park Avenue Cardigan Circunvalar. Railway: Monument to Transport. Waterfront Transport Terminal. Jorge Eliecer Gaitan: Alexandra Ariza. Jorge Eliecer Gaitan Park, opposite the San Jorge Hospital. The Obelisk: Hernando Hoyos. Calle 17 with carrera 6. General Rafael Uribe Uribe: A. Franco Cano. Park Lake. The Traveler: Antonio Segui. August 30 avenue, roundabout Cuba.
Transportation
Air
Pereira's airport is the Matecaña International Airport. It was built between 1944 and 1946 and opened in August 1947. It operates both nationally and internationally. It is currently undergoing a large expansion which will include a new control tower, a longer runway, new access roads and new destinations such as New York, which will make Matecaña International Airport one of the most important of the country. In 2016, the airport has launched the licitacion process for the construccion of the new terminal building. Also both runway expantions hace been completed as well as the new control tower, the most modern and technological control tower in the country. Also the Zoo has moved out of Matecaña Zoo and has been moved to the new Biopark Ukumari, this menas these lands have been given to the Airport to use for more expantion to is access road and an Office and Hotel Complex.
Road
Pereira is at the center of the transport hub for Caldas, Risaralda and Quindio. Autopista del Café are the highways which connect Armenia, Manizales, Pereira and Cartago. (Coffee Freeway).[9] Other main urban highways include: 30 August Avenue, Circunvalar Avenue, The Americas Avenue, The Railway Avenue, Belalcazár Avenue, The River Avenue and streets Sixth, Seventh and Eighth and other highways. Pereira street system is aligned in grid system, with road numbers going up in carreras from the River Otun, and street number going up from the neighbourhood Alfonso Lopez. It is important to note that beyond Alfonso Lopez, the strrets become afixed with a letter E, to denote East, for example the Kennedy neighourhood is completely composed of streets like Street 7E, Street 10E and so on.
SITM or Mass Public Transport
Pereira is currently undergoing a transitional phase, in which the traditional buses of the city are replaced completely by a Mass Public Transportation system with a Cable Car system.
Urban Bus
Soon to be replaced, is a bus system which has almost 50 routes in the city, which has a cost of $2.000 which is paid directly to the driver in cash, which has coverage in most areas of the city.
Megabus
Megabús is the mass transport system of Pereira which was founded in 2006. It compromises 3 trunk routes that link Dosquebradas and Cuba, and feeder routes which connect the rest of the metropolitan area including La Virginia, Puerto Caldas, Cerritos, Morelia, and many other neighbourhoods, which connect with the trunk routes at Interchanger stations.
Cesar Gaviria Trujillo Viaduct
The architectural award winning César Gaviria Trujillo Viaduct, a cable-stayed bridge, was opened on 15 November 1997. It is named after César Gaviria, the 40th president of Colombia, who was born in the city of Pereira. The viaduct links Pereira with Dosquebradas and the cities of Armenia, Pereira and Manizales. The length of its centre span is 211 metres (692 ft), one of the longest in South America.[10]
Climate
Pereira is located in a warm moorland area. The average temperature is 22 °C (72 °F). The annual average rainfall is 2,750 millimetres (108 in). There is a large degree of biodiversity in the region.
| Climate data for Pereira, Colombia | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.0 (89.6) |
32.8 (91) |
34.6 (94.3) |
32.0 (89.6) |
30.0 (86) |
30.0 (86) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.8 (89.2) |
30.2 (86.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
30.4 (86.7) |
34.6 (94.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 27.0 (80.6) |
27.1 (80.8) |
27.0 (80.6) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
26.1 (79) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.4 (79.5) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.8 (78.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.43 (79.56) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 21.6 (70.9) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.4 (70.5) |
21.1 (70) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.7 (69.3) |
21.1 (70) |
21.3 (70.35) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
17.0 (62.6) |
17.0 (62.6) |
16.9 (62.4) |
16.8 (62.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
16.8 (62.2) |
16.73 (62.12) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 12.2 (54) |
13.0 (55.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
13.4 (56.1) |
11.0 (51.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
10.0 (50) |
13.0 (55.4) |
12.3 (54.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
12.4 (54.3) |
10 (50) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 135.3 (5.327) |
121.0 (4.764) |
191.1 (7.524) |
221.3 (8.713) |
255.2 (10.047) |
178.7 (7.035) |
123.4 (4.858) |
134.4 (5.291) |
185.3 (7.295) |
267.6 (10.535) |
271.3 (10.681) |
173.6 (6.835) |
2,258.2 (88.905) |
| Average precipitation days | 15 | 14 | 18 | 21 | 23 | 21 | 18 | 17 | 20 | 24 | 22 | 18 | 231 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 74 | 74 | 76 | 78 | 79 | 78 | 75 | 74 | 76 | 79 | 79 | 77 | 76.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 189.8 | 164.6 | 163.3 | 134.1 | 134.8 | 149.6 | 185.2 | 180.0 | 150.6 | 141.9 | 151.1 | 170.8 | 1,915.8 |
| Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales.[11] | |||||||||||||
Places of interest
- The brand new Ukumari Biopark, which in some time will become the largest Biopark in South America
- Technological University of Pereira, (planetarium and botanical garden of Pereira Technological University and Guaducto, a bamboo bridge).[1]
- Cathedral of Our Lady of Poverty.
- Lucy Tejada, cultural centre.
- Museum of Art, Pereira.
- Jaime Mejia archaeological museum.
- Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fatima.
- Consota Recreational Park: Noah's farm eco-park, water park.
- Olympic venues: village, pools, tennis courts, basketball courts and velodrome.
- Los Nevados National Natural Park.
- Botanical Garden of Marseille.
- Plaza de Bolívar and the naked Bolívar statue.[12]
- Lake Park or Parque el Lago Uribe Uribe, located in the heart of the city
- Circunvalar Avenue, high end shopping boulevard
- Victoria's City square mala.
- Parque Arboleda Shopping mall
- Unicentro o Unicenter, the largest mall in the Coffee Axis or Eje Cafetero
Monuments
- Monument to the founders, Rodrigo Arenas Betancur
- Prometheus bound, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Rodrigo Arenas Betancur.
- Christ without the cross, Our Lady of Fatima church, Rodrigo Arenas Betancur.
- The Rebecca, Circunvalar park, Cardigan Ave., Larry Mendez.
- Train: monument of transport", transportation terminal.
- Alexandra Ariza, Jorge Eliecer Gaitan park, opposite the St. George hospital, Jorge Eliecer Gaitan
- The Obelisk, Hernando Hoyos.
- Diana of the Gavi and the young of Jar.
- General Rafael Uribe Uribe, Franco A. Cano.
- The Traveler, Antonio Segui.
Education
Places of learning in Pereira include:
- Technological University of Pereira
- Universidad Católica de Pereira
- The Liberty University of Colombia
- Andina University
- Cooperative University of Colombia
- National University of Colombia distance learning campus
- Saint Thomas Aquinas University campus
- CEIPA University,
- Antonio Nariño University
- Autonomous University of the Americas.
Pereira also has a number of training institutions associated with the National Learning Service (SENA).
Fiesta de la Cosecha
The Fiesta de la Cosecha (Harvest Fest) is celebrated on the anniversary of the founding of the city. it has led to phrases such as asi no vamos a llegar a ningún Pereira ("This way, we'll never get to Pereira", meaning "this is useless") and hicieron su Agosto ("they made their August", meaning that someone made a really good deal, referring to the belief that everyone would sell all their merchandise at the festival of Pereira).[13]
Sports
Pereira has a huge variety in sport arenas in the city. It has the biggest and best Olympic Village in the Western part of the Country, with the recently renovated Stadium Hernan Ramirez Villegas, the Velodrome, the Olympic swimming pools, the multiple tennis and synthetic football fields, and the biggest Skate Park in the Country. It also has many other venues like the Comerce Club with many more venues.
It is important to note the Pereira has achieved the title of the most active city in Colombia in 2015, with important programs such as the Cycle way every Sunday, by closing the most important avenues of the city to give way for people riding bike, running or simply walking. Also every neighbourhood in the city has an Open Air gym for the use of everyone.
Pereira's main football team is the Deportivo Pereira, which plays in the Categoría Primera B. The city hosts the Hernán Ramírez Villegas stadium, a velodrome, a skating area, an Olympic swimming pool and a motocross track. Pereira is also home to the "coffee marathon". Pereira is the birthplace of the Colombian tennis player, Santiago Giraldo.
Religion
The predominant religion is Catholicism. There are also Protestant churches.
Twin towns – Sister cities
Pereira is twinned with:
See also
- 1999 Armenia earthquake
- Matecaña International Airport
- César Gaviria Trujillo Viaduct
- Matecaña City Zoo
- Technological University of Pereira
- Deportivo Pereira
References
- 1 2 "Colombia green guide Michelin 2012-2013." Michelin. 2012. Accessed at Google Books 29 December 2013.
- ↑ Lallinde C. P. et al "Geological criteria for evaluating seismicity revisited: forty years of paleoseismic investigations and the natural record of past earthquakes." Geological Society of America, 2011 p79. ISBN 0813724791, 9780813724799. Accessed at Google Books 28 December 2013.
- ↑ Caputo L. "Colombia adventure guide." VIVA 14 July 2011. ISBN 1937157059, 9781937157050. Accessed at Google Books 28 December 2013.
- ↑ "Antiqueno colonization in Western Colombia." University of California Press. p77 Accessed at Google Books 28 December 2013.
- ↑ Sharpless R. E. "Gaitán of Colombia: a political biography." University of Pittsburgh 1978 p16. ISBN 0822976196, 9780822976196. Accessed at Google Books 29 December 2013.
- 1 2 Palacios M. "Coffee in Colombia, 1850-1970: an economic, social and political history." Cambridge University Press, 25 July 2002. p162. ISBN 0521528593, 9780521528597. Accessed at Google Books 29 December 2013.
- ↑ Hudson R. A. "Colombia, a country study." Government Printing Office, Library of Congress, USA. p95 ISBN 016088277X, 9780160882777.
- ↑ Toasa J. "Colombia: a new ethanol producer on the rise?" Diane publishing and Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, USA 2009 p4. ISBN 1437923674, 9781437923674. Accessed at Google Books 29 December 2013.
- ↑ "En servicio calzada de la Autopista del Café." Eldiario website. Accessed 1 February 2013.
- ↑ "Cesar Gaviria Trujillo Viaduct." Structurae, International database and gallery of structures. Website in English. Accessed 30 December 2013.
- ↑ "Cartas climatologicas, medias mensuales, aeropuerto Matecana." Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Spanish. Accessed 1 February 2013.
- ↑ Duncan R. J. "The Ceramics of Ráquira, Colombia: Gender, Work, and Economic Change." University Press of Florida, 1998. p93. Accessed at Google Books 29 December 2013.
- ↑ "Harvest Festivals." Colombia Festiva website, in English, 2011. Accessed 30 December 2013.
External links
 |
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Pereira. |
- Official website. (Spanish)
- Megabús' official website. (Spanish)
- Pereira. (Spanish)
- Universidad Tecnologica.
- Portal of Pereira city. (Spanish)
- Constructora líder en Pereira y Risaralda. (Spanish)
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