Petroleum industry in Russia

Top oil-producing countries
(million barrels per day)

Russia natural gas production (red) and exports (black).

Russian crude oil production (red) and crude oil exports {black).

The petroleum industry in Russia is one of the largest in the world. Russia has the largest reserves, and is the largest exporter, of natural gas. It has the second largest coal reserves, the eighth largest oil reserves, and is the largest producer of oil.^[1] It is the third largest energy user.^[2]

Russia produced an average of 10.83 million barrels (1,722,000 m³) of oil per day in December 2015.^[1] It produces 12% of the world's oil and has a similar share of global oil exports.^[3] In June 2006, Russian crude oil and condensate production reached to the post-Soviet maximum of 9.7 million barrels (1,540,000 m³) per day. Exceeding production in 2000 by 3.2 Mbbl/d (510,000 m³/d). Russian exports consist of more than 5 Mbbl/d (790,000 m³/d) of oil and nearly 2 Mbbl/d (320,000 m³/d) of refined products, which go mainly to the European market. The domestic demand in 2005 was 2.6 Mbbl/d (410,000 m³/d) in averaged.^[4] It is also the main transit country for oil from Kazakhstan.

Russia is by far the world's largest natural gas exporter. Most, but not all, authorities believe that Russia has the world's largest proven reserves of natural gas. Sources that consider that Russia has by far the largest proven reserves include the US CIA (47.6 trillion cubic meters),^[5] the US Energy Information Administration (47.8 tcm),^[6] and OPEC (48.7 tcm).^[7] However, BP credits Russia with only 31.3 tcm as of 1 January 2014,^[8] which would place it in second place, slightly behind Iran (33.1 to 33.8 tcm, depending on the source). In addition to having the world's largest proved reserves of natural gas, according to US Geological Survey estimations, Russia is also likely to have the world's largest volume of still-undiscovered natural gas: a mean probable volume of 6.7 trillion cubic meters. The USGS estimate of Russia's undiscovered oil is 22 billion barrels, second in the world only to those of Iraq.^[9]

The Russian oil industry claims to be in need of huge investment.^[10] Strong growth in the Russian economy means that local demand for energy of all types (oil, gas, nuclear, coal, hydro, electricity) is continuing to grow.

Russia's oil and gas companies

The biggest Russian oil company is Rosneft followed by Lukoil, Surgutneftegaz, Gazprom Neft and Tatneft.^[11] All oil trunk pipelines (except Caspian Pipeline Consortium) are owned and operated by the state-owned monopoly Transneft and oil products pipeline are owned and operated by its subsidiary Transnefteproduct.

• Gazprom (Russia's state-run natural gas monopoly; world's biggest gas exploration and production company)
• Lukoil
• Rosneft (State-owned Russian oil and gas exploration company)
• Surgutneftegas
• Tatneft
• Northgas
• Transneft (Russia's pipeline monopoly)
• Bashneft (Russian oil refining company one of the largest producer of oil products in the country)
• Russneft
• Itera
• Novatek
• Rusneftegaz

Academic institutions

• Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow)
• Saint Petersburg Mining Institute -Oil and Gas Department (Saint Petersburg)
• Siberian Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (SibNIINP)
• Russia Petroleum Research Exploration Institute (VNIGRI) of Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation and the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN).
• Tyumen State Oil and Gas University Tyumen)
• Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
• Almetyevsk State Petroleum Institute (Almetyevsk)

See also

• Energy policy of Russia
• Oil reserves in Russia
• Energy policy of the Soviet Union

References

1. Russia continues to post record oil production Retrieved on 8 January 2016
2. Russia, Background, February 2005. U.S. Department of Energy
3. Key World Energy Statistics. 2006 Edition, International Energy Agency 2006
4. Woodruff, Yulia (2006). "Russian oil industry between state and market". Fundamentals of the global oil and gas industry, 2006. Petroleum Economist. ISBN 978-1-86186-266-2.
5. Natural gas - proved reserves, accessed 1 Dec. 2013.
6. US Energy Information Administration, International statistics, accessed 1 Dec. 2013.
7. OPEC, Table 3.2 Natural gas proven reserves by country, accessed 1 Dec 2013.
8. BP,BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2014.
9. Christopher J. Schenk, An Estimate of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the World, 2012, US Geological Survey, Fact Sheet 2012-3042
10. 'Threat' to future of Russia oil - Lukoil, April 2008.
11. LUKoil to lose the lead soon. Rosneft will become Russia’s leading oil producer in 2007, Analytical department of RIA RosBusinessConsulting

External links

• All Russian oil companies on Russian Business Map MXKR.ru.
• Country Analysis: Russia's Oil and Natural Gas.
• "Major Russian Companies: Some Details" (1995-1996), Joint Project by Expert Magazine and Menatep Bank, undated.
• "Russia's oil renaissance," BBC, 24 June 2002.
• History of Oil in Russia, Sibneft, 2003.
• "The Oil and Gas Industry": 1999-2000 and 2000-2004, Kommersant, 23 October 2001 and 17 May 2004.
• David Correll, "Russia: the new oil giant. An industry perspective," AMEC, July 2004.