Peugeot 908 HDi FAP
The Peugeot 908 HDi FAP is a sports prototype racing car built by the French automobile manufacturer Peugeot to compete in the 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race, starting in 2007[2] and eventually winning in 2009. This effort, in development since 2005, was publicly unveiled on 15 June 2005. It first competed against the Audi R10 TDI, becoming the second diesel engined sports car from a major manufacturer, and then against the Audi R15 TDI. This was Peugeot Sport's first Le Mans effort since the end of the Peugeot 905 project in 1993. It won 19 from the 28 races in which it raced between 2007 and 2010.
The 908 name is also shared with a Peugeot concept saloon/sedan, named the 908RC, which shares the diesel V12 engine from the 908 sportscar. The Peugeot 908 is not to be confused with another sportscar of the same number that successfully raced from 1968 to 1981, the Porsche 908.
At the 2008 1000 km of Silverstone, Peugeot Sport unveiled the 908 HY, a hybrid electric variant of the diesel 908,[3][4] with KERS. Peugeot planned to campaign the car in the 2009 Le Mans Series season, even though it would not be capable of scoring championship points, but gave up the idea to concentrate on preparation for the 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans.[5]
Design
Chassis
As part of new rules announced by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) on 16 June 2006 which encouraged closed cockpit Le Mans Prototypes, Peugeot unveiled the 908 with a closed cockpit, the first Le Mans Prototype (LMP) since the Bentley Speed 8 to race with such a design. Peugeot's choice of a closed cockpit is possibly intended to allow the 908 to run a larger air restrictor due to rules mandating the use of air conditioning on closed cockpit designs.[6]
Peugeot also felt that weight, centre of gravity, and operational drawbacks were able to be overcome by better chassis rigidity and aerodynamics with using a closed cockpit design. The cockpit uses a unique 2 part door system with the upper part of the door (the window) swinging forward and out with a hinged plate (part of the sidepod) forming the lower part of the door that can be either swung out or removed completely, this was reportedly done to allow the car to conform to current regulations regarding door size. The body is a carbon fibre monocoque instead of a conventional open structure to offer better rigidity and lower weight.[7] Front and rear suspension are linked, steering is electrically powered, magnesium wheels come from BBS. The car measures 4.65 m (183 in) ×2 m (79 in) and weighs 925 kg (2,039 lb) minimum. Peugeot announced they would build the 908 chassis themselves, instead of relying on another manufacturer to build it for them.
Drivetrain
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Peugeot 908 HDI FAP (2009)
 2009 Peugeot 908 HDI FAP at Goodwood Festival of Speed 2009 |
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The Peugeot 908 is powered by a 5.5 L (340 cu in) HDi diesel engine, the maximum size allowed by Le Mans Prototype rules. Its configuration is a 100° V12, the angle having been chosen to lower the center of gravity. Its output has been revealed to be over 730 horsepower (540 kW) and 1,200 N·m (890 lbf·ft) of torque, nearly 10% more than Audi's similar R10 TDI.[8]
Oil systems are developed by technical partner Total. The electro-pneumatic controlled gearbox, designed and built by Ricardo,[9] is longitudinal with a maximum of 6 gear ratios, and the differential is self-locking.
908 Hybrid Electric
In 2009, Peugeot developed 908 HY, an hybrid electric version of the 908 diesel.[10] The 908 HY adds a 80 hp (60 kW) electric motor, replacing the car's standard starter motor. The motor is powered by 600 lithium ion batteries which are located in the cockpit and on the left bottom of the car. The batteries are charged through regenerative braking, requiring approximately 20 to 30 seconds to recharge.
The electric motor can be used to provide extra power to the car for approximately 20 seconds, either automatically or through driver activation. The motor can also run on its own while the car is entering a pit lane, shutting the diesel motor off to conserve fuel. The electrical systems add approximately 45 kg (99 lb) to the weight of the standard 908, although Peugeot believes they can lower this weight further.
Planning
On September 28, 2006 Peugeot unveiled a model of the 908 at the Mondial de l'Automobile Paris Auto Show. The V12 HDi would be started for the first time in a bench test on 30 September, while the actual first chassis would start test driving in December with Éric Hélary in preparation for a 2-car effort at Le Mans along with participation in the full 2007 Le Mans Series season. The team would be sponsored by Xbox 360, Total, and tyre supplier Michelin.
On January 10, 2007 at the 908's first public test at the Paul Ricard HTTT, Peugeot confirmed that the drivers of the 908 would be Stéphane Sarrazin, Nicolas Minassian, Marc Gené, and Pedro Lamy for the Le Mans Series, while Jacques Villeneuve and Sébastien Bourdais would be added for the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Racing history
2007
The Peugeot 908 made its race debut at the opening round of the 2007 Le Mans Series season, the 1000km of Monza. The two 908s were very quick in qualifying, managing to take the top two spots by over a second from the nearest competitor. During the race the Peugeot lead nearly the entire race, although the #8 car of Lamy and Sarrazin suffered numerous difficulties with its doors, leaving them to finish third. However the #7 908 of Gené and Minassian held on to take victory in the 908's debut. At the next round at Valencia, it would be the #8 Peugeot's turn to take the win, while the #7 car suffered clutch problems and did not finish.
On the 3rd of June 2007, Peugeot managed to best the Audi R10 TDI diesel, setting a Le Mans test day lap time of 3:26.707. This was followed by Peugeot earning pole position in Le Mans qualifying with a 3:26.344 set by Stéphane Sarrazin, again beating Audi - although it is believed Audi did not go as fast as they could, unlike Peugeot. In the race, where the cars competed directly for the first time, the Audi R10s were obviously faster than the Peugeots on the straights and much more stable in the corners. The #8 Peugeot finished second to the Audi R10 after covering 359 laps. The #7 Peugeot sister car had to withdraw from the race in the final hour due to engine failure.[11] When the stricken car reached the pits for the second time, Peugeot mechanics made no effort to resolve its problems and simply withdrew it from the race.
Following the break for Le Mans, the Peugeots returned to the Le Mans Series. Peugeot #8 would take two straight victories at Nürburgring and Spa before the #7 908 took the last two wins of the season at Silverstone and Interlagos. Winning three races and finishing in five out of six, 908 #8 won the LMP1 teams' championship, while the #7 car would suffer some reliability issues and would settle for third in the championship, behind Pescarolo Sport.
2008
For 2008, Peugeot expanded their 908 program to include the 12 Hours of Sebring. Although the sole 908 led early, mechanical problems dropped the car from contention. However, the 908 completed the event, serving in preparation for a return to Le Mans. Back in the Le Mans Series, the two team 908s now had to face newcomer Audi, as they too entered two R10 diesels. The 908 however opened the season with a victory in Catalunya, marking the first time a 908 has beaten an R10. For Le Mans three 908s were entered and the team started on pole position as they had in 2007. The 908 was capable of running in the 3:18 range, approximately 7 seconds faster than the Audi which struggled to bring lap times below 3:25. In the race, the 908s was still able to lap up to 5 seconds faster than the Audi but the lengthly pitstops and instability in the rain handed the lead and win to the R10.
Peugeot finished their season at the 1000 km of Silverstone, but their streak of LMS race wins ended after two accidents involving both cars. The accidents not only allowed the Audis to win the race, but also allowed Audi to secure the Drivers, Teams, and Constructors Championships, titles Peugeot had led all season.
After their loss in the LMS, Peugeot announced their intent to bring two of their 908s to North America to compete in the American Le Mans Series Petit Le Mans at Road Atlanta. Drivers Christian Klien and Alexander Wurz would have rejoined the squad to face Audi's North American R10s.[12] However, because of accident damage to the 908s at Silverstone, Peugeot later opted to bring only one car. The sole 908 qualified in pole position and led several times over the race, but finished only 4.5 seconds behind the North American Audi team.
2009
Two 908s were entered at the 2009 Sebring 12 Hours up against the new Audi R15s. The lead change kept swapping until the R15 emerged just 22 seconds ahead of the Peugeot. The new R15s still lack the capability to double-stint.
Four 908s were entered into the 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans, three by Peugeot, and a 2008 model by Pescarolo which crashed at night. The cars #9 and #8 took the first two places, 16 years after Peugeot's last win. Together with the sixth-placed #7, they performed a formation finish, crossing the line with all three cars line-astern.[13]
Peugeot continued to challenge the Audi R15s at the 2009 Petit Le Mans. Team Peugeot Total entered two cars and won the rain soaked race while leading only 10% of the race laps. Because of the Le Mans victory Peugeot will contest in 2010 with numbers 1-2-3.
2010
Peugeot entered two cars for the 2010 12 Hours of Sebring, scoring a 1-2 finish to take their first victory at Sebring and finishing first and second in every official session in the run-up to the race.[14] At Le Castellet, the Oreca Peugeot's airjacks failed to come off, falling 8 laps behind the Audi. The Audi continue to push, and in the end they got the better performance out of the Oreca, a margin of 10 laps. Peugeot fielded 3 cars at the 2010 Spa 1000km and the 2010 24 Hours of Le Mans, along with the Oreca Peugeot. In the Spa race, the #3 908 finished 1st, the #2 2nd and the #1 4th, while the Oreca crashed out four laps into the race.
In the 2010 24 Hours of Le Mans, the Peugeots took the top four spots in qualifying (including the Oreca #4 in 4th); however, problems on all four cars - first suspension damage on the pole-sitting #3, then three related engine issues - the #2, the #1 and the Oreca #4 - forced all of the Peugeots to retire before the end of the race. This would mark the first time that none of the Peugeot 908s finished at the end of the 24-hour classic. Proving its reliability compared to the 908's engine issues, Audi's revised R15 TDI plus swept the podium while breaking a new distance record previously set in 1971, despite the four 908s ran faster in a single lap than any of the three R15s. A post-race analysis found out that the #3 had a suspension mounting point separating from the carbon fiber tub, while the other three (#1, #2, #4) had failures of the new titanium connecting rods that caused the engine failures.[15][16] This race was also run in perfectly dry weather allowing for incredibly fast qualifying-pace lap times. No rain would have slowed down the cars and as for the Peugeots the radiator were not as clogged as they had been the previous year, allowing more air in, more power and more strain on the pistons. Peugeot did prove themselves to be the fastest ever LMP car with Loïc Duval setting a 3:19.000 in the race and the #1 car chasing down the leading #9 Audi from 3 laps down to a mere minute.
Peugeot entered 2 cars at the 2010 Silverstone 1000 km and won the race. Peugeot entered two cars at the 2010 Petit Le Mans, qualifying 1-2 for the race, and finishing 1-2 ahead of the 2 Audi R15s. The 908's last race as a factory team ended well with a controversial team-work victory by the #2 908 at the Zhuhai 1000 km. Peugeot finished off the year winning the Le Mans Series LMP1 teams championship by Oreca as well as winning the ILMC LMP1 championship.
2011
Oreca decided to stick with the old 908 for another year with new restrictors. This would be the last year for the 908 HDi FAP. Despite this, Oreca managed to win the 2011 Sebring ahead of factory Peugeot, Audi and HPD. At the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the 908 HDi FAP run by Oreca finished the race fifth behind the three new factory Peugeot 908s and the winning Audi R18. Oreca also managed to finish 2nd at the Petit Le Mans behind the surviving factory Peugeot 908.
Peugeot 908
New 2011 Le Mans Prototype regulations will render the first-generation 908 obsolete; Peugeot began development of a new prototype, known as the 90X, in late 2009. Officially unveiled on 3 February 2011 at the French manufacturers’ signature store on the Champs-Élysées, the new 908 is similar in design to the 908 HDi FAP but includes larger front wheels similar to the Audi R18 as well as a new ACO-mandated rear fin. The new 908 features a 3.7 litres (230 cu in) V8 that remains diesel-fueled. However, Oreca continued to run with the old 908 HDi FAP in 2011. With the ending of Peugeot's motorsport program in 2012, 2011 marks the last year of competition for the 908 family.
Peugeot 908 RC
The 908 RC is a luxury four-door limousine concept car equipped with the 5.5L V12 HDi diesel engine from the 908 race car installed centrally and transversally.[17]
See also
References
- ↑ Michael J. Fuller. "2007-2009 Peugeot 908 HDi FAP". mulsannescorner.com. Mulsanne's Corner. Retrieved May 24, 2011.
- ↑ "Peugeot Will Go to LeMans 2007 with a Diesel". Green Car Congress. June 15, 2006.
- ↑ "2009 Peugeot 908 HY Pricing and Information". Conceptcarz.com. Retrieved October 30, 2008.
- ↑ "2008 Peugeot 908 HY - 2008 Paris Motor Show Coverage, New Car Reviews, Concept Cars". Automobile Magazine. 2 October 2008. Archived from the original on May 15, 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ↑ "Peugeot Sport Hybrid". Racecar Engineering. September 13, 2008. Archived from the original on January 13, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
- ↑ Michael J. Fuller (June 16, 2006). "June 2006 News". Mulsanne's Corner.
- ↑ "The Peugeot 908 V12 HDi DPFS" (PDF) (Press release). Peugeot. September 28, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2007.
- ↑ "A V12 HDi DPFS for the Peugeot 908" (PDF) (Press release). Peugeot. June 15, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2007.
- ↑ "Ricardo transmissions lead the field in Le Mans practice and world rally car". Ricardo plc. June 2, 2007.
- ↑ "Peugeot Presents 908 HDi FAP Hybrid". Worldcarfans. Retrieved October 1, 2008.
- ↑ "Official website of 24 Heures du Mans 2007 and 24 Heures Moto 2007 - ACO". Lemans.org. June 17, 2007. Archived from the original on June 16, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
- ↑ "Team Peugeot Total to contest Petit Le Mans". Archived from the original on June 18, 2009.
- ↑ SPEED, 24 Hours of Le Mans, 14 June 2009
- ↑ "Peugeot Takes 1-2 Finish at Sebring 12 Hours". American Le Mans Series. March 20, 2010. Archived from the original on March 24, 2010. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
- ↑ "Technical report and looking forward to the future". Peugeot Sport. July 6, 2010. Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved July 9, 2010.
- ↑ Sam Abuelsamid (July 8, 2010). "Peugeot finishes analysis of four car Le Mans failure. Conclusion? They drove too fast". Autoblog.com. Archived from the original on July 9, 2010. Retrieved July 9, 2010.
- ↑ "The 908 RC – The ultimate by Peugeot" (PDF) (Press release). August 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2007.
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