Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase

Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.41)^[1]^[2]^[3] (also known as CDP- diacylglycerol synthase) (CDS) is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of CDP-diacylglycerol from cytidine triphosphate and phosphatidate.

CTP + phosphatidate

\rightleftharpoons

diphosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are cytidine triphosphate, or CTP, and phosphatidate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and CDP-diacylglycerol.

CDP-diacylglycerol is an important branch point intermediate in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. CDS is a membrane-bound enzyme.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing nucleotide groups (nucleotidyltransferases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is CTP:phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase. Other names in common use include CDP diglyceride pyrophosphorylase, CDP-diacylglycerol synthase, CDP-diacylglyceride synthetase, cytidine diphosphoglyceride pyrophosphorylase, phosphatidate cytidyltransferase, phosphatidic acid cytidylyltransferase, CTP:1,2-diacylglycerophosphate-cytidyl transferase, CTP-diacylglycerol synthetase, DAG synthetase, and CDP-DG. This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signaling system.

References

↑ Sparrow CP, Raetz CR (1985). "Purification and properties of the membrane-bound CDP-diglyceride synthetase from Escherichia coli". J. Biol. Chem. 260 (22): 12084–12091. PMID 2995359.
↑ Shen H, Heacock PN, Clancey CJ, Dowhan W (1996). "The CDS1 gene encoding CDP-diacylglycerol synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for cell growth". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (2): 789–795. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.2.789. PMID 8557688.
↑ Kondo H, Goto K, Saito S, Tonosaki A (1997). "Gene cloning and characterization of CDP-diacylglycerol synthase from rat brain". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (14): 9503–9509. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.14.9503. PMID 9083091.

Carter JR, Kennedy EP (1966). "Enzymatic synthesis of cytidine diphosphate diglyceride". J. Lipid. Res. 7 (5): 678–83. PMID 4291255.
McCaman RE, Finnerty WR (1968). "Biosynthesis of cytidine diphosphate-diglyceride by a particulate fracgion from Micrococcus cerificans". J. Biol. Chem. 243 (19): 5074–80. PMID 5679981.
Petzold GL, Agranoff BW (1967). "The biosynthesis of cytidine diphosphate diglyceride by embryonic chick brain". J. Biol. Chem. 242 (6): 1187–91. PMID 6067194.

Transferases: phosphorus-containing groups (EC 2.7)

2.7.1-2.7.4:
phosphotransferase/kinase
(PO₄)

2.7.1: OH acceptor	Hexo- Gluco- Fructo- Hepatic Galacto- Phosphofructo- 1 Liver Muscle Platelet 2 Riboflavin Shikimate Thymidine ADP-thymidine NAD⁺ Glycerol Pantothenate Mevalonate Pyruvate Deoxycytidine PFP Diacylglycerol Phosphoinositide 3 Class I PI 3 Class II PI 3 Sphingosine Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase

2.7.2: COOH acceptor	Phosphoglycerate Aspartate kinase

2.7.3: N acceptor	Creatine

2.7.4: PO₄ acceptor	Phosphomevalonate Adenylate Nucleoside-diphosphate Uridylate Guanylate Thiamine-diphosphate

2.7.6: diphosphotransferase
(P₂O₇)

2.7.7: nucleotidyltransferase
(PO₄-nucleoside)

Polymerase

DNA polymerase	DNA-directed DNA polymerase I II III IV V RNA-directed DNA polymerase Reverse transcriptase Telomerase DNA nucleotidylexotransferase/Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

RNA nucleotidyltransferase	RNA polymerase/DNA-directed RNA polymerase RNA polymerase I RNA polymerase II RNA polymerase III RNA polymerase IV Primase RNA-dependent RNA polymerase PNPase

Phosphorolytic
3' to 5' exoribonuclease

Nucleotidyltransferase

Guanylyltransferase

mRNA capping enzyme

Other

2.7.8: miscellaneous

Phosphatidyltransferases	CDP-diacylglycerol—glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase CDP-diacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase CDP-diacylglycerol—inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase CDP-diacylglycerol—choline O-phosphatidyltransferase

Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase	N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase

2.7.10-2.7.13: protein kinase
(PO₄; protein acceptor)

2.7.10: protein-tyrosine	see tyrosine kinases

2.7.11: protein-serine/threonine	see serine/threonine-specific protein kinases

2.7.12: protein-dual-specificity	see serine/threonine-specific protein kinases

2.7.13: protein-histidine	Protein-histidine pros-kinase Protein-histidine tele-kinase Histidine kinase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

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