Price Tower
| Price Tower | |
|---|---|
 Price Tower, Bartlesville Oklahoma | |
| General information | |
| Type | Multi-use |
| Location |
510 Dewey Avenue Bartlesville, Oklahoma, U.S. |
| Construction started | 1952 |
| Completed | 1956 |
| Height | |
| Antenna spire | 221 ft (67 m) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 19 |
| Floor area | 42,000 square feet (3,900 m2) |
| Lifts/elevators | 4 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect | Frank Lloyd Wright |
| Main contractor | Haskell Caldwell |
|
Price Tower | |
 Frank Lloyd Wright, Price Tower | |
  | |
| Location | Bartlesville, Oklahoma |
| Coordinates | 36°44′52.21″N 95°58′34.23″W / 36.7478361°N 95.9761750°WCoordinates: 36°44′52.21″N 95°58′34.23″W / 36.7478361°N 95.9761750°W |
| Built | 1956 |
| Architect | Frank Lloyd Wright |
| NRHP Reference # | 74001670[1] |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | September 13, 1974 |
| Designated NHL | March 29, 2007[2] |
The Price Tower is a nineteen-story, 221-foot-high tower in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, that was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. It is the only realized skyscraper by Wright, and is one of only two vertically oriented Wright structures extant (the other is the S.C. Johnson Wax Research Tower in Racine, Wisconsin).
The Price Tower was commissioned by Harold C. Price of the H. C. Price Company, a local oil pipeline and chemical firm. It opened to the public in February 1956.
History
The Price Tower was commissioned by Harold Price, for use as a corporate headquarters for his Bartlesville company. His wife, Mary Lou Patteson Price, and his two sons, Harold, Jr., and Joe, rounded out the building committee. The Prices were directed to Frank Lloyd Wright by architect Bruce Goff, who was then Dean of Architecture at the University of Oklahoma, where the Price sons had studied. That relationship bonded into a lifelong patronage of both architects by the Price Family. Wright designed an Arizona home for the senior Prices and a Bartlesville home for Harold, Jr., his wife Carolyn Propps Price, and their six children. Goff, who was also a tenant at Price Tower, became the favored architect of Joe Price, designing a bachelor studio on his family's property in Bartlesville and two later additions following his marriage to Etsuko Yoshimochi.
Wright nicknamed the Price Tower, which was built on the Oklahoma prairie, "the tree that escaped the crowded forest," referring not only to the building's construction, but also to the origins of its design. The Price Tower is supported by a central "trunk" of four elevator shafts which are anchored in place by a deep central foundation, as a tree is by its taproot. The nineteen floors of the building are cantilevered from this central core, like the branches of a tree. The outer walls hang from the floors and are clad in patinated copper "leaves." The building is asymmetrical, and like a tree, "looks different from every angle."[3] Wright had championed these design ideas, which other architects had put to use before the construction of the Price Tower, as early as the 1920s in his design for an apartment complex of four cantilevered towers for St. Marks-in-the-Bowerie in downtown New York City. Following the effects of the Great Depression, the project was shelved and adapted by Wright for the Price Company in 1952. Wright, therefore, plucked his "tree" out of the "crowded forest" of Manhattan skyscrapers and placed it on the Oklahoma prairie where it continues to stand uncrowded by neighboring tall buildings.
The floorplan of the Price Tower centers upon an inlaid cast bronze plaque, bearing the logo of the Price Company and marking the origin of a parallelogram grid upon which all exterior walls, interior partitions and doors, and built-in furniture are placed. The resulting design is a quadrant plan—one quadrant dedicated for double-height apartments, and three for offices. The materials for the Price Tower are equally innovative for a mid-twentieth-century skyscraper: cast concrete walls, pigmented concrete floors, aluminum-trimmed windows and doors, and patinated embossed and distressed copper panels. The general geometric element is the equilateral triangle, and all lighting fixtures and ventilation grilles are based upon that form while the angled walls and built-in furniture are based on fractions or multiples of the triangular module. The lobby contains two inscriptions by Walt Whitman. One is from the concluding stanza of Salut au Monde, and the other from Song of the Broad-Axe.[4] Inside the Price Tower there are decoration paintings on the walls which consist of solid gold. People with claustrophobia may find it uncomfortable, due to the very tight spaces towards the upper floors and the very small elevators.
Wright designed the St. Mark's project for apartments, but his Price Tower was to be a multi-use building with business offices, shops, and apartments. The H. C. Price Company was the primary tenant, and the remaining office floors and double-height apartments intended as income-raising ventures. Tenants included lawyers, accountants, physicians, dentists, insurance agents, and the architect Bruce Goff, who kept an office in the tower as well as rented one of the apartments. A women's high-end dress shop, beauty salon, and the regional offices of the Public Service Company of Oklahoma occupied a two-story wing of the tower, with a drive-through passageway separating the high and low structures. The Price Company occupied the upper floors, and included a commissary on the sixteenth floor as well as a penthouse office suite for Harold Price, Sr., and later his son, Harold, Jr.
The H.C. Price Company sold Price Tower to Phillips Petroleum in 1981 following a move to Dallas, where their company is presently located. Phillips Petroleum's lawyers deemed the exterior exit staircase a safety risk, and only used the building for storage.[5] They retained ownership until 2000 when the building was donated to Price Tower Arts Center, and it has returned to its multi-use origins. Price Tower Arts Center, a museum of art, architecture, and design; Inn at Price Tower; Copper Restaurant + Bar, and the Wright Place museum store are the current major tenants with smaller firms leasing space. Inn at Price Tower is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.[6]
In 2002 Pritzker Prize winning architect, Zaha Hadid, was commissioned to design a museum expansion for Price Tower Arts Center—a project that was included in the 2006 retrospective exhibition of Hadid's work at the Guggenheim Museum, New York City.
On March 29, 2007, the Price Tower was designated a National Historic Landmark by the United States Department of the Interior, one of only twenty such properties in the state of Oklahoma.[7] In 2008, the U.S. National Park Service submitted the Price Tower, along with nine other Frank Lloyd Wright properties, to a tentative list for World Heritage Status. The 10 sites have been submitted as one total, site. The January 22, 2008, press release from the National Park Service website announcing the nominations states that, "The preparation of a Tentative List is a necessary first step in the process of nominating a site to the World Heritage List."[8]
Price Tower Arts Center
The Price Tower Arts Center is the art complex at Price Tower in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. The center was founded in 1985 as a civic art museum, and reorganized in 1998 to focus on art, architecture and design.[9] Features includes a museum, tours of the historic tower, a hotel and restaurant.
The museum galleries feature changing exhibits. Collections include modern art, works on paper, furniture, textiles and design. The center owns some significant pieces by Frank Lloyd Wright and renowned Oklahoma architect Bruce Goff.
Visitors can tour temporary exhibitions inside Frank Lloyd Wright's Price Tower, as well as the fully restored 1956 Price Company Executive Office and Corporate Apartment.
Copies
A copy of Price Tower called The Classen, designed by the architectural firm Bozalis & Roloff and constructed in 1967, can be found in Oklahoma City's Asian District, along Classen Boulevard, next door to the Buckminster Fuller-inspired Gold Dome, also designed by Bozalis and Roloff.
References
- ↑ Staff (2008-04-15). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
- ↑ "Price Tower". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
- ↑ Terdiman, David (2014-07-20). "Price Tower: Frank Lloyd Wright's only skyscraper". CNET. Retrieved 2014-07-20.
- ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20071214115713/http://www.exploringart.net/uploads/FrankLloydWright/price-tower-04.jpg. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved October 10, 2010. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Dupré, Judith (1996). Skyscrapers. Black Dog & Leventhal. p. 49. ISBN 1-884822-45-2.
- ↑ "Inn at Price Tower, a Historic Hotels of America member". Historic Hotels of America. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
- ↑ "National Register of Historic Places Listings". National Park Service. 2007-04-13. Retrieved 2014-07-20.
- ↑ "DOI Secretary Kempthorne Selects New US World Heritage Tentative List". nps.gov. 2008-01-22. Retrieved 2014-07-20.
- ↑ http://pricetower.org/about-ptac/visitor-info/ Price Tower Arts Center: Visitor Info
Bibliography
Articles
- Alexander, John T. “Wright on the Oklahoma Prairie.” The Kansas City Times (18 Feb. 1958).
- Alofsin, Anthony. “Broadacre City: The Reception of a Modernist Vision, 1932-1988.” Center 5 (1989): 8-43.
- Apostolo, Roberto. “La Price Tower di Frank Lloyd Wright.” Frames, Portes, and Finestre (Aug.-Sep. 1992): 54-61.
- “Bartlesville Tower Rises, Oddest Building in State.” Tulsa World (21 Feb. 1955).
- Curtis, Wayne, "Little Skyscraper on the Prairie", The Atlantic (July/August 2008).
- Cuscaden, R.R. “Frank Lloyd Wright’s Drawings, Preserved.” Prairie School Review 1 (1964): 18.
- DeLong, David G. “A Tower Expressive of Unique Interiors.” AIA Journal 71 (Jul. 1982): 78-83.
- Dillon David. “The Inn at Price Tower.” Architectural Record (Jul. 2003): 118-125.
- “Een Amerikaans architectenbureau.” Bouw [Rotterdam] 11 (4 Aug. 1956): 670-673.
- “18-Story Tower Cantilever Structure of Concrete and Glass: Dramatic Frank Lloyd Wright Design.” Building Materials Digest 14 (Dec. 1954): 425.
- “Frank Lloyd Wright: After 36 Years His Tower is Completed.” Architectural Forum 104 (Feb. 1956): 106-113.
- “Frank Lloyd Wright’s Concrete and Copper Skyscraper on the Prairie for H.C. Price Co.” Architectural Forum 98 (May 1953): 98-105.
- “Frank Lloyd Wright; la ‘Price Tower’.” Casabella Continutà 211 (Jun.-Jul. 1956): 8-21.
- “Frank Lloyd Wright’s Price Tower Wins AIA Twenty-five Year Award.” Architectural Record 171 (Apr. 1983): 83.
- Gordon, Joanne. “The Skyscraper that Shocks Oklahoma Town.” Kansas City Star (11 Mar. 1956).
- “Gratte-ciel à Bartlesville, cite de 25,000 habitants, U.S.A.” Architecture d’aujourd’hui 27 (Oct. 1956): 23.
- “H.C. Price Company.” The Tie-In Quarterly (Mar. 1953): 1-3, 28.
- “H.C. Price Company Had Humble Beginning.” The Bartlesville Examiner (9 Feb. 1956).
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- Hosokawa, Bill. “Price’s Tower of Independence.” The Denver Post (Mar. 1956).
- Kellogg, Craig. “Matter of Design: Full Time Job.” Interior Design (Jul. 2003): 174-175.
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- Lucas, Suzette. Frank Lloyd Wright Quarterly Vol. 12 no. 1 (Winter 2001): 28.
- Nash, Eric P. “Travel Advisory: Rooms with a View, By Frank Lloyd Wright.” New York Times (16 Mar. 2003).
- “Prairie Skyscraper.” Time 61 (25 May 1953): 43.
- “Price Tower Completion Story.” The Tie-In Quarterly 13 (Winter 1956): 2-5.
- “The Price Tower is Wright’s.” Southern Living (Dec. 1990).
- “Price Tower Will Be Built in Bartlesville.” Construction News Monthly (10 Jun. 1953): 117-118.
- Saarinen, Aline. “Preserving Wright’s Architecture.” New York Times (19 April 1959): X-17.
- Schmertz, Mildred F. “Inn at Price Tower: An Oklahoma Hotel Finds a Home in Frank Lloyd Wright’s 1950s High-Rise.” Architectural Digest (June 2003): 72, 74, 76, 77.
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Books
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- Futagawa, Yukio, and Martin Pawley, eds. Frank Lloyd Wright Public Buildings. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1970.
- Futagawa, Yukio, and Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer, eds. Frank Lloyd Wright and His Renderings, 1887-1959. Tokyo: A.D.A. Edita, 1984.
- Gill, Brendan. Many Masks: A Life of Frank Lloyd Wright. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1987.
- Hanks, David A. The Decorative Designs of Frank Lloyd Wright. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1979.
- Hanks, David A. Frank Lloyd Wright: Preserving an Architectural Heritage. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1989.
- Heinz, Thomas A. Frank Lloyd Wright Interiors and Furniture. London: Academy Editions, 1994.
- Hildebrand, Grant. The Wright Space: Pattern and Meaning in Frank Lloyd Wright’s Houses. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1991.
- Hitchcock, Henry-Russell. In the Natural of Materials. New York: Sloan and Pearce Duell, 1942.
- Hoffmann, Donald. Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis Sullivan, and the Skyscraper. New York: Dover, 1998.
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- Kaufmann, Jr., Edgar. An American Architecture. New York: Horizon Press, 1955.
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- Meehan, Patrick J., ed. Truth Against the World: Frank Lloyd Wright Speaks for an Organic Architecture. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987.
- Patterson, Terry L. Frank Lloyd Wright and the Meaning of Materials. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1994.
- Pfeiffer, Bruce Brooks, ed. Frank Lloyd Wright Collected Writings, vol. 2, 1930-1932. NYC: Rizzoli, 1992.
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- Wright, Frank Lloyd. An Autobiography. New York: Horizon, 1943.
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- Wright, Frank Lloyd. The Story of the Tower: The Tree That Escaped the Crowded Forest. New York: Horizon Press, 1956.
- Wright, Frank Lloyd, and Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer. Frank Lloyd Wright in the Realm of Ideas. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1988.
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- Wright, Olgivanna Lloyd. Selected Drawings Portfolio Vol. I. Tokyo: A.D.A. Edita Tokyo Co. Ltd., 1977.
- Wright, Olgivanna Lloyd. Selected Drawings Portfolio Vol. II. Tokyo: A.D.A. Edita Tokyo Co. Ltd., 1979.
- Wright, Olgivanna Lloyd. Selected Drawings Portfolio III. Tokyo A.D.A. Edita Tokyo Co. Ltd., 1982.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Price Tower. |
- Price Tower Arts Center
- TravelOK.com: Price Tower Arts Center info — travel and tourism website for the State of Oklahoma.
- Chicago Architecture Foundation Opens Price Tower Exhibit dBNews Chicago, Wednesday, January 10, 2007
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