Pseudo-anglicism

Pseudo-anglicisms are words in languages other than English which were borrowed from English but are used in a way native English speakers would not readily recognize or understand. Pseudo-anglicisms often take the form of compound words, combining elements of multiple English words to create a new word that appears to be English but is unrecognisable to a native speaker of English. It is also common for a genuine English word to be used to mean something completely different from its original meaning.

Pseudo-anglicisms are related to false friends or false cognates. Many speakers of a language which employs pseudo-anglicisms believe that the relevant words are genuine anglicisms and can be used in English, which may cause misunderstandings.

When many English words are incorporated into many languages, language enthusiasts and purists often look down on this phenomenon, terming it (depending on the importing language) Denglisch, Franglais or similar neologisms.

Pseudo-anglicisms in various languages

Multiple languages

Belarusian

Chinese

Danish

Dutch

Finnish

French

Note: In Europe, '-ing' (/ɪŋ/) is usually pronounced [iŋg].

German

Many of the following examples may be found in several words (Fun Sport), hyphenated (Fun-Sport), in one word (Funsport) or CamelCase (FunSport).

Greek

Hebrew

Hungarian

Indonesian

Italian

Japanese

Main article: Wasei-eigo

Korean

Main article: Konglish
Further information: List of Konglish terms

Persian

Polish

Portuguese

Except when the English pronunciation is obviously indicated by widely known spelling rules, such as "ee", "ay", "oo", "ou" and "a+consonant+e" standing for [i], [eɪ], [u], [aʊ], and [eɪC] (only in Portugal; Brazilians will pronounce the vowels near-correctly but the consonants always in the way they would pronounce them in Portuguese), instead of the expected [eɪ], [aj], [ow], [ow], [aCi ~ aCɨ] (non-nasal consonant) and [ɜ̃Ci ~ ɐCɨ] (nasal), all Lusophone Latin Americans and Africans and most Portuguese and Macanese will invariably use spelling pronunciations for pseudo-anglicisms as those that know proper English pronunciation and spelling rules would naturally be expected to know that those words are not real English, so that soda and tuning come out as [ˈsɔðɐ] (roughly like "sawtha" or "soth-a") and [ˈtũɲĩ] (roughly like "toonyeen'"), much as English-like filler (used mainly in Brazil, in the context of anime episodes not derived from the storyline of the manga from which they derive) and nylon would be [ˈfileʁ] (roughly "feel-egh") and [ˈnajlõ] (roughly "nye lon'") in non-affected pronunciations, though tupperware is rather similar to a native form ([tɐpɐˈwɛɾ], [-ˈwɛʁ]).

Phonotactic and phonological rules of Portuguese or of certain Portuguese dialects, such as specific palatalization and vowel reduction patterns, also apply, so that while e.g. nice in São Paulo would become [ˈnajs], a native English form, in Rio de Janeiro it would become [ˈnajsi] (roughly "nicie") or [naj s̩] ("nye, sss!"), as [s] at the end of a syllable in the local dialect is non-existent – the local pronunciation of the archiphoneme /coda sibilant/ is palatalized [ɕ], the hushing second consonant in Japanese sushi. Brazilians, and some Africans and rural Portuguese with archaic dialects resembling Brazilian Portuguese, are known to insert an epenthetic [i] after virtually every final closed syllable to break them into two different open syllables, so that hippie and hip (as [i]star and estar/está, similar to Spanish) would sound wholly or nearly homophonous as [ˈʁipi], in the same way flirt became flerte ([ˈfleʁtʃi], [ˈflɛɾt(ɨ)] in Portugal) with time. Words that are not slang anymore tend to be adapted to Portuguese orthography.

Romanian

Russian

Serbian

Slovenian

Spanish

Swedish

Thai

Turkish

Vietnamese

Yiddish

See also

References

  1. «Autostop» , Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  2. «Basket» , Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  3. «Beauty farm» , Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  4. 1 2 «Body» , Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  5. According to linguist Ghil'ad Zuckermann, this pseudo-anglicism might have "been influenced by Italian fili 'threads' (plural of Italian filo 'thread'.) Italian feeling is used in Italian pop music, for example in the song Pensami per te (‘Think about me for your sake’) (by Cogliati/Ciani/Cassano), sung by Anna Oxa, which includes Tra di noi c'é uno strano feeling che ci lega ormai ‘Between us there is a strange feeling that binds us from now on’."See p. 102 of Zuckermann, Ghil'ad 2003, ‘‘Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew’’, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, (Palgrave Studies in Language History and Language Change, Series editor: Charles Jones). ISBN 1-4039-1723-X.
  6. http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/forcing/34572
  7. http://dictionnaire.sensagent.com/faire%20du%20forcing/fr-fr/
  8. The trademark Body-Bag was abandoned on 1. Dec. 2009, because the term became the general name for all kinds of cross-body bags.
  9. «Autogrill» , Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  10. «Bar» , Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  11. «Beauty-Case», Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  12. «Bloc-Notes» , Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  13. «Cargo» , Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  14. «Charleston» (in the 2nd meaning), Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  15. «Discount», Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  16. «Fiction», Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  17. «Golf» (in the 2nd meaning), Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  18. «Hostess», Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  19. «Mister», Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  20. But in particular contexts it is also used in some of the original senses of the English stage: see «stage», Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  21. «Ticket», Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  22. «Tight», Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  23. «tight», Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  24. «Trolley» (in the 2nd meaning), Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  25. 1 2 «Water-Closet», Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana
  26. Desa Philadelphia (26 November 2001). "Local English". Time. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  27. Kim Hyo-jin (10 June 2002). "English? Konglish? Purists concede to 'fighting' cheer". JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  28. "Korea Fighting!". JoongAng Daily. 18 June 2006. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  29. "외국어 공식 포탈 – e4u.com". E4u.ybmsisa.com. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  30. "boks". Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  31. "developer". Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
  32. "dres". Słownik wyrazów obcych (in Polish). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  33. "After work ett svenskt påhitt" (in Swedish). Dagens Nyheter. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  34. "SAOL" (in Swedish). Svenska Akademiens ordlista. Retrieved 27 March 2015.

Sources

  • James Stanlaw 2004, Japanese English: Language And The Culture Contact, Hong Kong University Press.
  • Laura Miller 1997, "Wasei eigo: English ‘loanwords' coined in Japan" in The Life of Language: Papers in Linguistics in Honor of William Bright, edited by Jane Hill, P.J. Mistry and Lyle Campbell, Mouton/De Gruyter: The Hague, pp. 123–139.
  • Geoff Parkes and Alan Cornell 1992, 'NTC's Dictionary of German False Cognates', National Textbook Company, NTC Publishing Group.
  • Ghil'ad Zuckermann 2003, ‘‘Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew’’, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, (Palgrave Studies in Language History and Language Change, Series editor: Charles Jones). ISBN 1-4039-1723-X.

140. http://tl.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_Tagalog_translation_for_ballpen

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, May 04, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.