Rab escort protein

Choroideremia (Rab escort protein 1)
Identifiers
Symbols	CHM ; DXS540; GGTA; HSD-32; REP-1; TCD
External IDs	OMIM: 300390 MGI: 892979 HomoloGene: 334 GeneCards: CHM Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • Rab geranylgeranyltransferase activity • GTPase activator activity • Rab GTPase binding Cellular component • cytosol • Rab-protein geranylgeranyltransferase complex Biological process • blood vessel development • protein targeting to membrane • visual perception • protein geranylgeranylation • positive regulation of GTPase activity • response to stimulus Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1121	12662
Ensembl	ENSG00000188419	ENSMUSG00000025531
UniProt	P24386	A2AD03
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000390	NM_018818
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000381	NP_061288
Location (UCSC)	Chr X: 85.86 – 86.05 Mb	Chr X: 113.04 – 113.19 Mb
PubMed search

Rab escort protein 1 also known as rab proteins geranylgeranyltransferase component A 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHM gene.^[1][2]

Function

This gene encodes component A of the RAB geranylgeranyl transferase holoenzyme. In the dimeric holoenzyme, this subunit binds unprenylated Rab GTPases and then presents them to the catalytic Rab GGTase subunit for the geranylgeranyl transfer reaction. Rab GTPases need to be geranylgeranyled on either one or two cysteine residues in their C-terminus to localize to the correct intracellular membrane.^[2]

Interactions

CHM (gene) has been shown to interact with RAB1A,^[3] RAB7A^[4][5] and RAB3A.^[3][6]

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene are a cause of choroideremia; also known as tapetochoroidal dystrophy (TCD). This X-linked disease is characterized by progressive dystrophy of the choroid, retinal pigment epithelium and retina.^[2]

See also

• Rab (G-protein)

References

1. Molloy CM, van de Pol TJ, Brohet RM, Ropers HH, Cremers FP (May 1992). "Three RFLPs for pZ11 (DXS540) in the choroideremia gene at Xq21.2". Nucleic Acids Res 20 (6): 1434. doi:10.1093/nar/20.6.1434. PMC 312214. PMID 1373238.
2. "Entrez Gene: CHM choroideremia (Rab escort protein 1)".
3. Cremers FP, Armstrong SA, Seabra MC, Brown MS, Goldstein JL (Jan 1994). "REP-2, a Rab escort protein encoded by the choroideremia-like gene". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (3): 2111–7. PMID 8294464.
4. Rak A, Pylypenko O, Niculae A, Goody RS, Alexandrov K (Jan 2003). "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of monoprenylated Rab7 GTPase in complex with Rab escort protein 1". J. Struct. Biol. 141 (1): 93–5. doi:10.1016/S1047-8477(02)00634-2. PMID 12576024.
5. Alexandrov K, Simon I, Iakovenko A, Holz B, Goody RS, Scheidig AJ (Apr 1998). "Moderate discrimination of REP-1 between Rab7 x GDP and Rab7 x GTP arises from a difference of an order of magnitude in dissociation rates". FEBS Lett. 425 (3): 460–4. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00290-7. PMID 9563513.
6. Pereira-Leal JB, Strom M, Godfrey RF, Seabra MC (Jan 2003). "Structural determinants of Rab and Rab Escort Protein interaction: Rab family motifs define a conserved binding surface". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 301 (1): 92–7. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02963-7. PMID 12535645.

Further reading

• Sankila EM, Tolvanen R, van den Hurk JA, Cremers FP, de la Chapelle A (1993). "Aberrant splicing of the CHM gene is a significant cause of choroideremia.". Nat. Genet. 1 (2): 109–13. doi:10.1038/ng0592-109. PMID 1302003.
• Merry DE, Jänne PA, Landers JE, Lewis RA, Nussbaum RL (1992). "Isolation of a candidate gene for choroideremia.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (6): 2135–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.6.2135. PMC 48611. PMID 1549574.
• van den Hurk JA, van de Pol TJ, Molloy CM, Brunsmann F, Rüther K, Zrenner E, Pinckers AJ, Pawlowitzki IH, Bleeker-Wagemakers EM, Wieringa B (1992). "Detection and characterization of point mutations in the choroideremia candidate gene by PCR-SSCP analysis and direct DNA sequencing.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 50 (6): 1195–202. PMC 1682553. PMID 1598901.
• Fodor E, Lee RT, O'Donnell JJ (1991). "Analysis of choroideraemia gene.". Nature 351 (6328): 614. doi:10.1038/351614b0. PMID 1904992.
• Cremers FP, van de Pol DJ, van Kerkhoff LP, Wieringa B, Ropers HH (1990). "Cloning of a gene that is rearranged in patients with choroideraemia.". Nature 347 (6294): 674–7. doi:10.1038/347674a0. PMID 2215697.
• Cremers FP, Sankila EM, Brunsmann F, Jay M, Jay B, Wright A, Pinckers AJ, Schwartz M, van de Pol DJ, Wieringa B (1990). "Deletions in patients with classical choroideremia vary in size from 45 kb to several megabases.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 47 (4): 622–8. PMC 1683797. PMID 2220804.
• Donnelly P, Menet H, Fouanon C, Herbert O, Moisan JP, Le Roux MG, Pascal O (1994). "Missense mutation in the choroideremia gene.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 (6): 1017. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.6.1017. PMID 7951216.
• Alexandrov K, Horiuchi H, Steele-Mortimer O, Seabra MC, Zerial M (1994). "Rab escort protein-1 is a multifunctional protein that accompanies newly prenylated rab proteins to their target membranes.". EMBO J. 13 (22): 5262–73. PMC 395482. PMID 7957092.
• van Bokhoven H, van den Hurk JA, Bogerd L, Philippe C, Gilgenkrantz S, de Jong P, Ropers HH, Cremers FP (1995). "Cloning and characterization of the human choroideremia gene.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 (7): 1041–6. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.7.1041. PMID 7981670.
• Cremers FP, Armstrong SA, Seabra MC, Brown MS, Goldstein JL (1994). "REP-2, a Rab escort protein encoded by the choroideremia-like gene.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (3): 2111–7. PMID 8294464.
• Seabra MC, Brown MS, Goldstein JL (1993). "Retinal degeneration in choroideremia: deficiency of rab geranylgeranyl transferase.". Science 259 (5093): 377–81. doi:10.1126/science.8380507. PMID 8380507.
• Schwartz M, Rosenberg T, van den Hurk JA, van de Pol DJ, Cremers FP (1993). "Identification of mutations in Danish choroideremia families.". Hum. Mutat. 2 (1): 43–7. doi:10.1002/humu.1380020108. PMID 8477262.
• Overmeyer JH, Wilson AL, Erdman RA, Maltese WA (1998). "The putative "switch 2" domain of the Ras-related GTPase, Rab1B, plays an essential role in the interaction with Rab escort protein.". Mol. Biol. Cell 9 (1): 223–35. doi:10.1091/mbc.9.1.223. PMC 25245. PMID 9437002.
• Alexandrov K, Simon I, Iakovenko A, Holz B, Goody RS, Scheidig AJ (1998). "Moderate discrimination of REP-1 between Rab7 x GDP and Rab7 x GTP arises from a difference of an order of magnitude in dissociation rates.". FEBS Lett. 425 (3): 460–4. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00290-7. PMID 9563513.
• Raffaniello RD, Raufman JP (1999). "Cytosolic RAB3D is associated with RAB escort protein (REP), not RAB-GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI), in dispersed chief cells from guinea pig stomach.". J. Cell. Biochem. 72 (4): 540–8. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19990315)72:4<540::AID-JCB9>3.0.CO;2-D. PMID 10022613.
• Thomä NH, Iakovenko A, Kalinin A, Waldmann H, Goody RS, Alexandrov K (2001). "Allosteric regulation of substrate binding and product release in geranylgeranyltransferase type II.". Biochemistry 40 (1): 268–74. doi:10.1021/bi002034p. PMID 11141079.
• Syed N, Smith JE, John SK, Seabra MC, Aguirre GD, Milam AH (2001). "Evaluation of retinal photoreceptors and pigment epithelium in a female carrier of choroideremia.". Ophthalmology 108 (4): 711–20. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00643-6. PMID 11297488.
• Rak A, Reents R, Pylypenko O, Niculae A, Sidorovitch V, Thomä NH, Waldmann H, Schlichting I, Goody RS, Alexandrov K (2002). "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the Rab escort protein-1 in complex with Rab geranylgeranyltransferase.". J. Struct. Biol. 136 (2): 158–61. doi:10.1006/jsbi.2001.4433. PMID 11886217.

External links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Choroideremia
• Rab escort protein 1, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)