Raipur

This article is about Raipur, the capital city of Chhattisgarh. For other places, see Raipur (disambiguation).
Raipur
रायपुर (राजधानी)
Metropolis
Raipur
Coordinates: 21°15′N 81°38′E / 21.25°N 81.63°E / 21.25; 81.63Coordinates: 21°15′N 81°38′E / 21.25°N 81.63°E / 21.25; 81.63
Country India
State Chhattisgarh
District Raipur
Government
 • Type Local Government
 • Mayor Shri Pramod Dubey
Area
 • Metropolis 226 km2 (87 sq mi)
Elevation 298.15 m (978.18 ft)
Population (2015)[1]
 • Metropolis 1,143,289
 • Rank 45th
 • Density 5,100/km2 (13,000/sq mi)
 • Metro[2] 1,256,760
Languages
 • Official Hindi, Chhattisgarhi, English
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 492001
Vehicle registration CG-04
Website www.raipur.gov.in
Swami Vivekanada's Statue at Vivekanand Sarovar

Raipur (/ˈraɪpʊər/  pronunciation ) is a city in the Raipur district of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. It is the capital city of the state of Chhattisgarh and is the administrative headquarters of Raipur district. It is also the largest city in Chhattisgarh. It was formerly a part of Madhya Pradesh before the state of Chhattisgarh was formed on 1 November 2000. As of 2011, the municipal corporation of the city had a population of 1,010,087.[1] While, the urban agglomeration population was 1,122,555.[2] The Raipur Municipal Corporation was ranked 6th out of 21 Cities for best governance & administrative practices in India in 2014. It scored 3.5 on 10 compared to the national average of 3.3.[3]

History

Raipur has been in existence since the 9th century; the old site and ruins of the fort can be seen in the southern part of the city. Raipur district is important historically and as a point of interest archeologically. This district was once part of the Dakshina Kosala Kingdom and later considered part of the Maurya Empire. Raipur has been the capital of the Haihaya Dynasty Kalchuri kings, controlling the forts of Chhattisgarh for a considerable period. Satawahana kings ruled this part until the 2nd–3rd century.

The 4th century AD king Samudragupta conquered this region and established his domination until the fifth–sixth century when the area came under the rule of Sarabhpuri kings. For some time in the fifth and sixth centuries, Nala kings dominated this area. Later on Somavanshi kings took control and ruled with Sirpur ("City of Wealth") as their capital. Mahashivgupt Balarjun was the mightiest emperor of this dynasty. His mother, the widow queen of Harshgupta of the Somavansh, Rani Vasata built the brick temple of Lakshman. Kalachuri dynasty kings of Tumman ruled the area for a long period making Ratanpur the capital. The old inscriptions of Ratanpur, Rajim and Khallari refer to the reign of Kalchuri kings. It is believed that King Ramachandra of this dynasty established the city of Raipur and subsequently made it the capital of his kingdom.

Another story about Raipur is that King Ramachandra's son Brahmdeo Rai had established Raipur. His capital was Khalwatika (now Khallari). The newly constructed city was named after Brahmdeo Rai as 'Raipur'. It was during his reign in 1402 that Hajiraj Naik the temple of Hatkeshwar Mahadev was constructed on the banks of the Kharun River. The decline of this dynasty's rule came with the death of King Amarsingh Deo. This region had become the domain of Bhosle kings after Amarsingh Deo's death. With the death of Raghuji III, the territory was assumed by the British government from Bhonsla'a of Nagpur and Chhattisgarh was declared a separate division, the Chhattisgarh Division of the Central Provinces, with its headquarters at Raipur in 1854. At the time of the independence of India Raipur district was included in the Central Provinces and Berar.

Demographics

As of the 2011 census, Raipur Municipal Corporation had a population of 1,010,087, of which 519,286 are males and 490,801 are females —a sex ratio of 945 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 940 per 1000.[4] 124,471 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 64,522 are boys and 59,949 are girls —a ratio of 929 girls per 1000 boys. There are 769,593 literates (420,155 males, 349,438 females). The effective literacy was 86.90%; male literacy was 92.39% and female literacy was 81.10%, significantly higher than the national average of 73.00%.[1][5]

The urban agglomeration had a population of 1,122,555, of which males constitute 578,339, females constitute 544,216 —a sex ratio of 941 females per 1000 males and 142,826 children are in the age group of 0–6 years. There are a total of 846,952 literates with an effective literacy rate of 86.45%.[2]

As an important regional centre and a city with a history stretching back more than a thousand years, Raipur has attracted people from different parts of Madhya Pradesh and neighbouring states. The population includes local ethnic Chhattisgarhis, North Indians, South Indians, and a few people from the North East. Local ethnic Chhattisgarhi comprises Kalar, Kurmi, Swarnkar, Teli, Koshta and Satnami communities. The city is also inhabited by the trading communities like Jayaswals, Baniyas, Agarwals, Jains, Gujaratis, and Marwaris. Due to close proximity with Odisha there are large numbers of Odia speaking population found in the city as well as in the state. The city is also home to an immigrant population that includes Sindhis. It also has a sizable Bengali, Telugu, Malayalee and Maharashtrian population. Majority of the population in Raipur is Hindu. Muslims, Sikhs and Christians are minorities. Muslims primarily reside in such areas as Moudhapara (occupied by the immigrants from UP and Bihar), Baijnathpara, Chota Para,Raza Talab,Sanjay Nagar, Momin Para (Shia Islam community) and Byron Bazaar (which is named after a Briton who is supposed to have formed the place; Byron Bazar was once mostly inhabited by the Muslims from the "Madras Paltan" i.e. those serving in the British Army (Madras Regiment), and had occupied Byron Bazaar as a result of their regiment getting disbanded).The Sikhs residing at pandri, govindnagar, shyamnagar & tatibandh areas. The Christian population is scattered around the city. This city is also populated by the people of Kanwar and Gond community who are primarily tribals.

Geography and climate

Raipur
Climate chart (explanation)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
6.7
 
 
28
13
 
 
12
 
 
31
17
 
 
25
 
 
36
21
 
 
16
 
 
40
25
 
 
19
 
 
42
28
 
 
190
 
 
37
27
 
 
381
 
 
31
24
 
 
345
 
 
30
24
 
 
230
 
 
31
24
 
 
54
 
 
32
22
 
 
7.4
 
 
30
17
 
 
3.7
 
 
27
13
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: IMD

Geography

Raipur is located near the centre of a large plain, sometimes referred as the "rice bowl of India", where hundreds of varieties of rice are grown.[6] The Mahanadi River flows to the east of the city of Raipur, and the southern side has dense forests. The Maikal Hills rise on the north-west of Raipur; on the north, the land rises and merges with the Chota Nagpur Plateau, which extends north-east across Jharkhand state. On the south of Raipur lies the Deccan Plateau.

Climate

Raipur has a tropical wet and dry climate, temperatures remain moderate throughout the year, except from March to June, which can be extremely hot. The temperature in April–May sometimes rises above 48 °C (118 °F).These summer months also have dry and hot winds. In summers, the temperature can also go up to 50 °C. The city receives about 1,300 millimetres (51 in) of rain, mostly in the monsoon season from late June to early October. Winters last from November to January and are mild, although lows can fall to 5 °C (41 °F).

Climate data for Raipur (1901-1998)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 28.7
(83.7)		 31.4
(88.5)		 36.4
(97.5)		 41.1
(106)		 42.8
(109)		 36.9
(98.4)		 31.6
(88.9)		 30.2
(86.4)		 31.6
(88.9)		 32.6
(90.7)		 30.2
(86.4)		 28.7
(83.7)		 33.3
(91.9)
Average low °C (°F) 13.9
(57)		 16.0
(60.8)		 19.9
(67.8)		 24.5
(76.1)		 27.5
(81.5)		 25.3
(77.5)		 23.3
(73.9)		 22.8
(73)		 22.5
(72.5)		 20.6
(69.1)		 17.2
(63)		 13.8
(56.8)		 20.5
(68.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 11.7
(0.461)		 21.0
(0.827)		 19.6
(0.772)		 15.5
(0.61)		 22.9
(0.902)		 209.4
(8.244)		 369.1
(14.531)		 365.4
(14.386)		 216.6
(8.528)		 52.1
(2.051)		 11.4
(0.449)		 4.2
(0.165)		 1,318.9
(51.925)
Source: IMD[7]

Transport

Raipur Railway Station Entrance

Railways

Raipur Junction railway station is situated on the Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line of the Indian Railways (via Bhusawal, Nagpur, Gondia, Bilaspur, Kharagpur) and is connected with some major cities like New Delhi, Mumbai, Bhopal, Jabalpur, Saugor, Katni, Itarsi, Gondia, Kolkata, Jamshedpur, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Kota, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, etc. Raipur still lacks direct rail connectivity with Indore, Ujjain, Ratlam, Kolhapur, Jodhpur, etc. A branch line from Raipur to Vizianagaram via Mahasamund - Titlagarh originates from here and most of the produce of Chhattisgarh reaches Vishakhapatnam by this railway line. There is also a narrow gauge line connecting Raipur to Rajim and Dhamtari via Abhanpur, which is being converted to broad gauge and realigned to serve the city of Naya Raipur as well.

Suburbs Of Raipur

Roads

National Highways connecting Raipur to various cities:[8]

National Highways number Connecting cities
NH 6 Hajira-Dhule-Nagpur-Raipur- Mahasamund - Sambalpur - Baharagora-Calcutta
NH 43 Raipur-Vizianagaram Junction with National Highway No. 5 near

Natavalasa

NH 200 Raipur-Bilaspur-Raigarh-Kanaktora-Jharsuguda-Kochinda-Deogarh-Talcher-Chandhikhol
NH 217 Raipur- Mahasamund - Gopalpur
NH 12A Raipur-Jhansi

Asian Highway Number 46 - AH46 passes through Raipur

Airport

Swami Vivekananda Airport,Raipur

Swami Vivekananda Airport or Mana Airport is primary airport serving the state of Chhattisgarh.The airport is located, 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Raipur near Naya Raipur. After recent modernization, is one of its kind in central India and presently connects Raipur to most of the major Metro city of India.

A new integrated terminal designed to handle 700 passengers (including 200 international flyers at a time) and covering an area of 18,500 m2 (4.6 acres) was inaugurated on 7 November 2012 by President of India Pranab Mukherjee. The new terminal will be used for domestic flights, while the proposed international terminal is being renovated to handle international operations.

Airlines Destinations
Air India Delhi, Mumbai, Nagpur, Visakhapatnam, Pune(begins 26th may 2016)
IndiGo Ahemadabad, Bangalore, Delhi, Goa, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai
Jet Airways Delhi, Mumbai, Bhopal
Vistara in future
Spicejet in future
Air Asia India in future

Local transport

A city bus service is provided by Raipur City Bus Limited (RCBL) for the intra-city travel. Raipur Municipal Corporation launched the Raipur City Bus service on 25 February 2008. The company runs 40 buses out of which 32 are low floor Tata Starbus. Paratransit in the form of auto-rickshaws and tuk-tuk are available all over the city. 100 new city buses under JNNURM have been inducted by Raipur Nagar Nigam Transport Limited (RNNTL), which serve the Raipur and connect Naya Raipur also.

Food and culture

Raipur enjoys a cosmopolitan city culture. Although it has a large population of Marwaris, Jains and Sindhis, one can find people from various parts of the country, including the original Chhattisgarhis . The city is mostly influenced with food from Punjab, Rajasthan & Gujarat. There are certain South Indian food joints too. Poha and Jalebi is something people often eat here for breakfast. The city celebrates all type of Indian festivals.

Economy

Historically, when Raipur was a part of Madhya Pradesh, it was the second major commercial centre in Madhya Pradesh after Indore. Traditionally, Raipur's economy has been based on agricultural-processing, Steel, Cement, Alloy, Poha and Rice. The city is located centrally in the state of Chhattisgarh, and now serves as a regional hub for trade and commerce for a variety of local agricultural and forest products.

The traditional face of city has changed with Raipur becoming an important regional commercial and industrial destination for the coal, power, plywood, steel and aluminium industries. Raipur is the largest market of steel in India. Raipur is among the richest cities and India’s biggest iron market; there are about 200 steel rolling mills, 195 sponge iron plants, more than 6 steel plants, more than 60 plywood factories, 500 agro-industries and more than 35 ferro-alloy plants. There are more than 800 rice milling plants, and all major and local cement manufacturing companies (Century Cement, Ambuja, Grasim, Lafarg) have a presence in the city.

Raipur also has a big chemical plant which produces formalin and distributes throughout the country.

Raipur has a wagon repair shop, where wagons of goods trains are repaired. A heavy machinery plant of Jindal Group is situated in Raipur. Sponge iron plants of major steel companies including Monnet, Jayaswal Neco Steel Plant, and Drolia Electrosteels are situated in Raipur. LPG bottling plants of Bharat Petroleum and Hindustan Petroleum are also present in the city. The industrial areas of Raipur are: Urla and Siltara (heavy and medium scale industries), Bhanpur, Birgaon, Gondwara (medium and small scale industries). The head office of "Spongytech Consulting Engineers Private Limited", a world class engineering consulting group, is in Raipur.

Bharti Walmart Private Limited, the joint venture between Bharti Enterprises and Walmart Stores Inc for wholesale, opened its first Best Price Modern Wholesale cash and-carry store in Chhattisgarh's Raipur in June 2011. The Best Price Modern Wholesale store situated at Bhanpuri, Bhilai Bilaspur Bye Pass Road, Ring Road No 2, Raipur, is spread over 53,000 square feet and stocks over 5,500 items.

NIT Raipur

Education

Raipur has become the educational hub of Central India due to presence of many institutes of National importance in Engineering, Management, Medical and Law. It is the only city in India which is home to IIM, NIT, AIIMS, Hidayatullah National Law University, and IIIT.[9] IIT Chhattisgarh is proposed at Bhilai which is 30 km from Raipur.

Premier institutes

Government universities

Administrative Building of Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India

Private universities and deemed universities

Commerce, Engineering and management colleges

  • Maharaja Agrasen International College (MAIC), Samta colony
  • Raipur Institute of Technology (Established in 1995)
  • New Government Engineering College, Raipur
  • AVS Presidency International College, Raipur(APIC)
  • Kruti Institute of Technology & Engineering(KITE)
  • Disha institute of management and technology(DIMAT)
  • Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Professional Management and Technology, Raipur (SSIPMT)
  • Pragati College of Engineering and Management, Raipur|Pragati College of Engineering and Management
  • Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institutions, Raipur
  • ITM UNIVERSITY
  • Bhilai Institute of Technology, Raipur
  • Dignity College of Architecture
  • MM College of Technology, Raipur(MMCT)
  • Parthivi College of Engineering and Management, Raipur
  • Columbia Institute Of Engineering And Technology
  • Vindhya Institute of Technology
  • Rungta college of Engineering and Technology, Nandanvan, Raipur
  • Rungta Engineering college, Nandanvan, Raipur
  • Central college of Engineering and Management, kabir nagar, Raipur
  • Professional Institute of Engineering and Technology, Raipur.[PIETECH]

Medical colleges

Primary and secondary education

View of the Rajkumar College, Raipur.

There are almost all major nationwide school chains in the city resulting in sound academic environment in the city. Also, the city has almost all premier coaching institutes for competitive exams such as Resonance, FIIT-JEE, Akash Institute, PT-Education, TIME, Career Launcher etc.

The major schools include :

Apart from above mentioned schools, there are several other schools affiliated to CBSE, ICSE, as well as state board in both English and Hindi medium.

Places of worship

There are many temples in the city some are here Dudhadhari Mandir Shri Jagannath Mandir, Gayatri Nagar Raipur Shri Digambar Jain Mandir (Mahavir Vihar),Fafadih, Raipur banjari mandir near birgaon sardani darbar near devpuri on dhamtari raod sarwa dharma temple in railway station

Media

News channels

Many local news channels are telecast from Raipur in Hindi :

News Channels Language Notes
CG 24 news channel CG Hindi
IBC 24 Hindi
Khabar Bharati Hindi
Grand News (Cable Network) Hindi
ETV MP Chhattisgarh Hindi
Sadhna News Hindi
Sahara Samaye Hindi
Zee MP CG Hindi
India News MP CG Hindi
Bansal News Hindi
Abhi Tak (Cable Network) Hindi

Newspaper

Many national and local newspapers are published from Raipur both in Hindi and English:

Newspaper Language Notes
Dainik Bhaskar Hindi
Dainik Vishwa Pariwar Hindi
Patrika Hindi
Nava Bharat Hindi
Deshbandhu Hindi
Nai Duniya Hindi
Haribhoomi Hindi
The Central Chronicle English
The Times of India English
Hindustan Times English
Hindustan Hindi
The Hitavada English
The Pioneer English
Business Standard English, Hindi
Business Bhaskar English, Hindi

Radio

Raipur has 6 Radio stations.

Akashvani (radio broadcaster)(All India Radio)

My FM - 94.3 FM

Radio Tadka - 95 FM

Radio Mirchi - 98.3 FM

Radio Rangeela - 104.8 FM

Vividh Bharti. - 101.6 FM

Tourism

Mahakaushal Kala Parishad
Statue of Swami Vivekananda at Vivekananda Sarovar
Chitrakot Falls in Chhattisgarh
Laxman Temple at Sirpur

Kanha National Park, Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Amarkantak, Bhoramdeo Temple, Dongargarh, Setganga, Sirpur, Champaran, Rajim, Chitrakot Falls, Indravati National Park, Kanger Valley National Park, Gangrel Dam and Murrum Silli Dam are the other nearby attractions.

Notable people associated with Raipur

Swami Vivekananda spent 2 years of his teenage in this building at Raipur

Naya Raipur

Naya Raipur (New Raipur) is the new city of Chhattisgarh.[17] Located between National Highways NH-6 and NH-43. It is 17 km away in the south-east direction from the current capital Raipur. Swami Vivekananda Airport separates the old and new cities. Naya Raipur is serving as the administrative capital of the State and also cater to the infrastructural needs of industry and trade in the region.

Naya Raipur spreads over an area of about 8000 hectares. It includes 41 villages out of which 27 villages form the core of the Naya Raipur. The population of just one village has been displaced in this renovation of villages for the construction of Naya Raipur. About half of the total acquired land is being used for afforestation, roads, parks, public conveniences, water facilities-canals, green belts etc. 23 percent of the land would be reserved for educational institutions, government offices and public auditoriums etc. 30 percent of the land will be used for residential and economical purposes. Naya Raipur is India's fourth planned capital city after Gandhinagar in Gujarat; Chandigarh serting both Punjab and Harayana; and Bhubaneshwar in Odisha.

The ongoing project is likely to cost anywhere between Rs 1,500 and 2,000 crore. The city is expected to house about 4.5 lakh people within a decade and provisions, in the form of future infrastructure upgradation, have been made for its expansion.

Recently, a delegation consisting of Chhattisgarh housing minister Rajesh Munat gave presentation to Union Minister for Urban Development and Housing M Venkaiah Naidu to develop Naya Raipur as Smart City.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011" (PDF). The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). censusindia. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  3. ↑ Nair, Ajesh. "Annual Survey of India's City-Systems" (PDF). http://janaagraha.org/asics/. Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy. Retrieved 7 March 2015. External link in |website= (help)
  4. ↑ "Sex Ratio". The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  5. ↑ "Chapter–3 (Literates and Literacy rate)" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  6. ↑ "Chhattisgarh Details, Chhattisgarh Online, Chhattisgarh Information, Chhattisgarh State". Walkincg.com. Retrieved 2012-10-04.
  7. ↑ "Climatological Table (1971-2000)". Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  8. ↑ "National Highways and their Length" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-10-04.
  9. ↑ http://iiitnr.choice.gov.in/
  10. ↑ "sadani darbar".
  11. ↑ "The statue of Vivekananda's masterpiece, recorded - नायाब नमूना है विवेकानंद की ये प्रतिमा, लिम्का बुक में हुआ दर्ज". www.bhaskar.com. 2012-02-03. Retrieved 2012-10-04.
  12. ↑ "Reminiscences of Swami Vivekananda - Frank Parlato Jr. - Bhupendranath Datta". Vivekananda.net. Retrieved 2012-10-04.
  13. ↑ "EXECUTION OF VEER NARAYAN SINGH". indianpost.com.
  14. ↑ Veer Narayan Singh
  15. ↑ Carter 1990, p. 44
  16. ↑ "Songs of Lucky Ali · Bollywood Songs". Jhunkar.com. Retrieved 2012-10-04.
  17. ↑ "Naya Raipur spurs Afghans to develop New Kabul City". The Times of India.

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