Rambouillet

Rambouillet
Château of Rambouillet
Coat of arms
Rambouillet
Location within Île-de-France region  Rambouillet
Coordinates: 48°38′40″N 1°49′51″E / 48.6444°N 01.8308°ECoordinates: 48°38′40″N 1°49′51″E / 48.6444°N 01.8308°E
Country	France
Region	Île-de-France
Department	Yvelines
Arrondissement	Rambouillet
Canton	Rambouillet
Intercommunality	Plaines et Forêts d'Yveline
Government
• Mayor (2008–2014)	Gérard Larcher
Area^1	35.19 km^2 (13.59 sq mi)
Population (2006)^2	26,454
• Density	750/km^2 (1,900/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	78517 / 78120
Elevation	142–177 m (466–581 ft) (avg. 142 m or 466 ft)
^1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. ^2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Rambouillet (IPA: [ʁɑ̃bujɛ]) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located on the outskirts of Paris, 44.3 km (27.5 mi) southwest from the centre. Rambouillet is a sub-prefecture of the department.

Rambouillet lies on the edge of the vast Forest of Rambouillet (Forêt de Rambouillet or Forêt de l'Yveline), and is famous for its historical castle, the Château de Rambouillet, which hosted several international summits. Due to its proximity to Paris and Versailles, Rambouillet has long been an occasional seat of government.

Transport

Rambouillet is served by the SNCF Rambouillet railway station on the Transilien Paris – Montparnasse suburban rail line to Chartres.

Features

• The Château de Rambouillet, a former medieval fortress, was acquired by Louis XVI of France in 1783 as a private residence because of its ideal situation in the game-rich forest of Rambouillet. It became a bien national during the French Revolution of 1789, and one of the imperial residences of Napoléon I during the First French Empire. At the time of the Bourbon Restoration, the castle became royal residence, and it is there that Charles X signed his abdication on 2 August 1830. Sometimes neglected at times of political unrest, the château de Rambouillet became the official summer residence of the French President of the Republic after President Félix Faure chose it as summer residence for himself and his family in 1896; Rambouillet thus became the official summer residence of the Presidents of the Third Republic and has retained its position ever since.^[1]
• The Palais du Roi de Rome. In 1784, on a parcel adjacent to the gardens of the castle, Louis XVI had ordered the construction of the Hôtel du Gouvernement, which was restored during the reign of Napoléon I, and renamed Palais du Roi de Rome as the official Rambouillet residence of Napoleon 's infant son. Its entrance is situated in the rue Charles de Gaulle, Rambouillet's main street.
• The Hôtel de Ville, the former Bailliage (Bailiwicks building) was built in 1786 at the request of Louis XVI by the architect Jean-Jacques Thévenin. It was given by Emperor Napoléon I to the inhabitants of Rambouillet to serve as their City Hall. The inscription over the doors of the City Hall reads "Donated to the inhabitants of Rambouillet by Napoleon the Great, [in the] Year 1809".
• The new Saint-Lubin church was built between 1868 and 1871. Its architect was Anatole de Baudot.
• The Bergerie nationale was built on the grounds of the Domain of Rambouillet at the request of Louis XVI, and is the home of the Rambouillet Merino sheep since 1786.^[2]
• The Laiterie de la Reine, the Queen's Dairy also built on the grounds of the Domain of Rambouillet, is adjacent to the Bergerie. It was built in 1787 at the request of Louis XVI for his wife Marie Antoinette and designed by the architect Jean-Jacques Thévenin.^[3]
• The Chaumière des coquillages, a thatched-roof cottage with its marble interior decorated with shells and mother of pearl, was built in 1779-1780 in the English garden of the Domain of Rambouillet by Claude-Martin Goupy, the architect of the duc de Penthièvre, for the princesse de Lamballe, Penthièvre's widowed daughter-in-law.
• The Musée Rambolitrain, situated across from the Saint-Lubin church, is a museum featuring miniature trains.^[4] We find the a faithful reconstruction of a Parisian toy store of the 1930s.^[5]
• The Monument Américain (The American Eagle Monument), is situated at the south entrance of the town on the D 906 road to Chartres, at the site of two ambushes in which seven American soldiers were killed, on 16 August 1944. The monument was erected in 1947. It bears the inscription: "À la mémoire des soldats américains tombés pour la libération de notre région en août 1944", "In memory of the American soldiers fallen for the liberation of our region in August 1944". The names of nine American soldiers are inscribed on a plaque on the monument. Commemorative ceremonies are held at the monument every 19 August.^[6][7]

The church in Rambouillet

People

who were born in Rambouillet

• Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre, grandson of Louis XIV
• Ulysse Chevalier (1841–1923), bibliographer and historian
• Robert Benoist (1895–1944), Grand Prix motor racing driver and war hero
• Jérémie Aliadière, former Arsenal football player, now with FC Lorient

who lived in Rambouillet

• François Ier, king of France, died at the castle, supposedly in the tower
• Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier and his wife Julie d'Angennes, the daughter of Charles d'Angennes and Catherine de Vivonne
• Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse, legitimated son of Louis XIV and the Marquise de Montespan, and father of the duc de Penthièvre
• Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre, grandson of Louis XIV, and son of the comte de Toulouse
• Maria Teresa d'Este, wife of the duc de Penthièvre, died in childbirth
• Princess de Lamballe, duc de Penthièvre's daughter-in-law, killed in the September massacres of 1792 during the French Revolution
• Napoleon, Emperor of the French
• Charles X, king of France, who signed his 1830 abdication in the castle
• G. Lenotre, French author and historian
• Ernest Hemingway, American writer and journalist, lived a few days in Rambouillet in August 1944
• Charles de Gaulle
• Sébastien Faure, Anarchist activist and pedagogue, who set up La Ruche ("The Beehive") free school near Rambouillet in 1904
• Didier Pironi, Professional racing driver
• Gérard Larcher, Mayor of Rambouillet, Senator of the Yvelines, former President of the Senate and several times minister

who died in Rambouillet

• François Ier, king of France, died in castle in 1547
• Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse, son of Louis XIV and father of the duc de Penthièvre, died in castle in 1737
• Maria Teresa d'Este, daughter-in-law of the comte de Toulouse, died in childbirth in castle in 1754

Education

• University Institute of Technology of Vélizy
• Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University

International relations

Twin towns — sister cities

Rambouillet is twinned with:

Lavenham, United Kingdom Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany Waterloo, Belgium Zafra, Spain Great Yarmouth, United Kingdom

See also

• Duchy of Rambouillet
• Antoine Sartorio
• Communes of the Yvelines department

References

1. G. Lenotre, Le château de Rambouillet : six siècles d'histoire, Éditions Calmann-Lévy, collection « Châteaux : décors de l'histoire », Paris, 1930.
2. "DEUX SIÈCLES D'HISTOIRE A LA BERGERIE NATIONALE" (in French). Archived from the original on 2002-12-09.
3. "Centre des monuments nationaux". Chaumiere-laiterie-rambouillet.monuments-nationaux.fr. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
4. "Le musée Rambolitrain" (in French). Ramboliweb.com. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
5. "Mairie de Rambouillet - Musée Rambolitrain : informations générales" (in French). Rambouillet.fr. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
6. Archived July 27, 2011 at the Wayback Machine
7. Françoise Winieska, Août 1944, la Libération de Rambouillet, France, Société Historique et Archéologique de Rambouillet et de l'Yveline (SHARY), Rambouillet, 1999, ISBN 2-9514047-0-0, English version by author under the title August 1944, the Liberation of Rambouillet, France, published by SHARY under same cover, ISBN 2-9514047-0-0.

External links

• Official website (French)