Frankfurt Airport

Frankfurt Airport
Flughafen Frankfurt am Main
IATA: FRAICAO: EDDF
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner/Operator Fraport
Serves Frankfurt, Germany
Hub for
Focus city for
Elevation AMSL 364 ft / 111 m
Coordinates 50°02′00″N 008°34′14″E / 50.03333°N 8.57056°E / 50.03333; 8.57056Coordinates: 50°02′00″N 008°34′14″E / 50.03333°N 8.57056°E / 50.03333; 8.57056
Website frankfurt-airport.com
Map
FRA

Location within Frankfurt am Main

Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
07R/25L 4,000 13,123 Asphalt
07C/25C 4,000 13,123 Asphalt
18A 4,000 13,123 Concrete
07L/25RB 2,800 9,240 Concrete
Statistics (2015)
Passengers 61,032,022 [1] Increase 2.5%
Cargo (t) 2,076,734 Decrease 2.6%
Aircraft movements 468,153 Decrease 0.2%
Economic impact $22.3 billion[2]
Sources: Fraport,[3] AIP at EUROCONTROL[4]

A:^ used for take-offs in one direction only[5]

B: ^ used for landings only

Frankfurt Airport (IATA: FRA, ICAO: EDDF) (German: Flughafen Frankfurt am Main, also known as Rhein-Main-Flughafen) is a major international airport located in Frankfurt, the fifth-largest city of Germany and one of the world's leading financial centres. It is operated by Fraport and serves as the main hub for Lufthansa including Lufthansa CityLine and Lufthansa Cargo as well as Condor and AeroLogic. The airport covers an area of 2,000 hectares (4,942 acres) of land and features two passenger terminals with a capacity of approximately 65 million passengers per year, four runways and extensive logistics and maintenance facilities.

Frankfurt Airport is by far the busiest airport by passenger traffic in Germany as well as the 4th busiest in Europe after London Heathrow Airport, Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport and İstanbul Atatürk Airport. The airport is also the 12th busiest worldwide by total number of passengers in 2015,[6] with 61.032 million passengers using the airport in 2015, an increase of 2.5% from 2014. It also had a freight throughput of 2.076 million metric tonnes in 2015 and is the busiest airport in Europe by cargo traffic. As of winter 2012, Frankfurt Airport served 264 destinations in 113 countries, making it the airport with the most international destinations in the world.[7]

The southern side of the airport ground was home to the Rhein-Main Air Base, which was a major air base for the United States from 1947 until 2005, when the air base was closed and the property was acquired by Fraport.

Location

Frankfurt Airport lies 12 km (7.5 mi) southwest of central Frankfurt,[4] near the Autobahn intersection Frankfurter Kreuz, where two of the most heavily used motorways in Europe (A3 and A5) meet. The airport grounds, which form a city district of Frankfurt named Frankfurt-Flughafen, are surrounded by the Frankfurt City Forest. The southern portion of the airport grounds extend partially into the cities of Rüsselsheim am Main and Mörfelden-Walldorf, and a western portion of the grounds lie within the city of Kelsterbach.

The airport is centrally located in the Frankfurt/Rhine-Main region, Germany's third-largest metropolitan region, which itself has a central location in the densely populated region of the west-central European megalopolis. Thereby, along with a strong rail and motorway connection, the airport serves as a major transport for the greater region, less than two hours by ground to Cologne, the Ruhr Area, and Stuttgart.

History

The base opened as a German commercial airport in 1936, with the northern part of base used as a field for fixed-wing aircraft and the extreme southern part near Zeppelinheim serving as a base for rigid airships. That section of Rhein-Main later became the base for the Graf Zeppelin, its sister ship LZ-130, and, until 6 May 1937, for the ill-fated Hindenburg.

The airships were dismantled and their huge hangars demolished on 6 May 1940 during conversion of the base to military use. Luftwaffe engineers subsequently extended the single runway and erected hangars and other facilities for German military aircraft. During World War II the Luftwaffe used the field sporadically as a fighter base and as an experimental station for jet aircraft.

First airport

On 16 November 1909, the world's first airline was founded in Frankfurt am Main: The Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft (DELAG). DELAG then built the first airport in Frankfurt, called Airship Base at Rebstock, which was located in Bockenheim in the western part of the city and was primarily used for airships in the beginning. It opened in 1912 and was extended after World War I, but in 1924 an expert's report already questioned the possibility of further expansions at this location.

With the foundation of Deutsche Luft Hansa in 1926 a rapid boom of civilian air travel started and soon the airship base became too small to handle the demand. Plans for a new and larger airport located in the Frankfurt City Forest south-west of Schwanheim were approved in 1930, but were not realised due to the Great Depression. After the Machtergreifung in 1933 the government revived the plans and started the construction of the new airport.

Second airport

The Frankfurt Rhein-Main Airport and Airship Base was officially opened on 8 July 1936. In the following years it became the second-largest airport in Germany (after Berlin Tempelhof Airport) and was home for the two largest German Zeppelins, LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin and LZ 129 Hindenburg. It was planned to make Frankfurt the most important destination for Zeppelins in Germany, but after the catastrophic crash of the Hindenburg in Lakehurst on 6 May 1937, the airship era came to an abrupt end.

World War II

After the beginning of World War II in 1939 all foreign airlines left the airport and control of air traffic was transferred to the Luftwaffe. On 9 May 1940, the first bombers took off to attack France. From August to November 1944 a concentration camp was established in Walldorf, close to the airport site, where Jewish female prisoners were forced to work for the airport. The Allies of World War II destroyed the runway system with airstrikes in 1944 and the Wehrmacht blew up buildings and fuel depots in 1945, shortly before the US Army took control of the airport on 25 March 1945. After the German Instrument of Surrender the war in Europe ended and the US Army started to build a new temporary runway at Frankfurt Airport. The southern part of the airport ground was occupied to build the Rhein-Main Air Base as an Air Force Base for the United States Air Forces in Europe.

Berlin Airlift

Rhein-Main Air Base during the Berlin Airlift

In 1948 the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' rail and road access to the sectors of West Berlin under Allied control. Their aim was to force the western powers to allow the Soviet zone to start supplying Berlin with food and fuel, thereby giving the Soviets practical control over the entire city. In response, the Western Allies organised the Berlin Airlift to carry supplies via air to the people in West Berlin. The airports in Frankfurt, Hamburg and Hannover were the primary bases for Allied aircraft. The heavy use of these so-called "Raisin Bombers" caused damage to the runway in Frankfurt and forced the US Army to build a second parallel runway. The airlift ended in September 1949 after the Soviet Union ended their blockade.

Growth of the airport

Civil air traffic at Frankfurt Airport in 1951
An Iran Air Boeing 707–320B at Frankfurt Airport in 1970

In 1951 restrictions for German air travellers were lifted and civil air traffic started to grow again. In 1952 Frankfurt Airport handled more than 400,000 passengers; a year later it was more than half a million. About 100 to 120 aeroplanes took off from and landed in Frankfurt daily. In 1955, Lufthansa resumed flights to and from Frankfurt and in the same year the Federal Republic of Germany gained its air sovereignty back from the Allies. In 1957 the northern runway was extended, first to 3,000 m (9,843 ft) and then to 3,900 m (12,795 ft), to make it compatible with jet aircraft.

The airport did not emerge as a major international airline hub until 1958 when a new passenger terminal called Empfangsanlage Ost (Terminal East, literally "Arrival Facility East") opened in the north-east corner of the airport site. Only four years later it was clear that the terminal was already too small for the demand. In 1961 Frankfurt already had 2.2 million passengers and 81,000 take-offs and landings, making it the second busiest airport in Europe behind London Heathrow Airport.

In 1962 it was decided to build an even larger terminal with a capacity of 30 million passengers per year. Work on this terminal began in 1965. The southern runway was extended to 3,750 m (12,303 ft) in 1964. In 1970 a new hangar was inaugurated; this accommodated six jet aircraft and was the world's largest hangar at the time.

The new main terminal

Check-in concourse A in Terminal 1

The new terminal, called Terminal Mitte (Central Terminal, today known as Terminal 1) is divided into three concourses (A, B and C) with 56 gates and an electric baggage handling system. Everything opened to the public on 14 March 1972. It was assumed that the terminal capacity would be sufficient for the next 30 years. Along with the new terminal a railway station (Frankfurt Airport station) was opened, the first airport railway station in the Federal Republic of Germany. A few days later the old Empfangsanlage Ost was closed.

The third runway

Planning for a third runway (called Startbahn 18 West) began in 1973. This project spawned massive protests by residents and environmentalists. The main points of conflict were increasing noise and pollution and the cutting down of protected trees in the Frankfurt City Forest. While the protests and related lawsuits were unsuccessful in preventing the construction of the runway, the Startbahn West protests were one of the major crystallisation points for the German environmental movement of the 1980s. The protests even continued after the runway had been opened in 1984 and in 1987 two police officers were killed by a gunman. This incident ended the Startbahn West protests for good. Because of its orientation in the north-south direction, in contrast to the other two runways which run east-west, the use of the third runway is limited. The Startbahn West can only be used for takeoffs to the south because otherwise they would interfere with air traffic at the other runways. Due to this restriction the runway must be partially or fully closed when northward winds are too strong.

Terminal 2 and the second railway station

The apron of Terminal 2

In 1990, work on a new terminal (Terminal 2) began because it was anticipated that Terminal Mitte would reach its capacity limit sooner than expected. The new terminal, divided into concourses D and E, was built to the east of the existing terminal where once the Empfangsanlage Ost had been. With its opening in 1994, Frankfurt Airport increased its terminal capacity to 54 million passengers per year. Along with the terminal opening, a people mover system called Sky Line was established to provide a fast connection between Terminal 2 and Terminal Mitte (now renamed Terminal 1).

In 1999 a second railway station, primarily for InterCityExpress long-distance trains (called Frankfurt Airport long-distance station), opened near Terminal 1 as part of the new Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line. At the same time local and regional rail services were based at the existing underground station, now renamed Frankfurt Airport regional station.

Closure of the Rhein-Main Air Base

On 30 December 2005, the Rhein-Main Air Base in the southern part of the airport ground was closed and the US Air Force moved to Ramstein Air Base. The property was handed back to Fraport which allows the airport to use it to build a new passenger terminal. The property of the housing area for the soldiers, called Gateway Gardens, which was located north-east of the airport site, was given back to the city of Frankfurt in the same year and will be developed as a business district in the following years.

The Airbus A380 and The Squaire

Two of Lufthansa's Airbus A380-800s at Frankfurt Airport

From 2005 to 2007 a large Airbus A380 maintenance facility was built at Frankfurt Airport because Lufthansa wanted to station their future A380 aircraft fleet there. Due to economic constraints only half of the facility has been built so far. Both terminals also underwent major renovations in order to handle the A380, including the installation of a third boarding bridge at several gates. Lufthansa's first Airbus A380 went into operation in June 2010 and was named Frankfurt am Main.

Aerial view of the central airport buildings including The Squaire in the back

In 2011 a large office building called The Squaire (a portmanteau of square and air) opened at Frankfurt Airport. It was built on top of the Airport long-distance station and is considered the largest office building in Germany with 140,000 m2 (1,500,000 sq ft) floor area. Main tenants are KPMG and two Hilton Hotels.

The fourth runway

Plans to build a fourth runway at Frankfurt Airport had been under-way since 1997 but, due to the violent conflicts with the building of the third runway, Fraport let residents' groups and environmentalists participate in the process to find a mutually acceptable solution. In 2000, a task force presented their conclusion which generally approved a new runway, but in shorter length (only 2.8 kilometres compared to the other three 4-kilometre-long runways) which would serve as a landing-only runway for smaller aircraft. Additional requirements included improved noise protection arrangements and a strict ban on night flights between 11 pm and 5 am across the whole airport. In 2001, Fraport applied for an approval to build a new runway, with three possible variants assessed. This concluded that a runway north-west of the airport site would have the least impact on local residents and the surrounding environment. The plans were approved by the Hessian government in December 2007, but the requested ban on night flights was lifted because it was argued that an international airport like Frankfurt would need night flights, especially for worldwide freight transport. Construction of the new 2,800 m (9,186 ft) long Runway Northwest in the Kelsterbach Forest began in early 2009.

The runway officially went into operation on 20 October 2011, with an aircraft carrying Chancellor Angela Merkel performing the first landing on 21 October.

The centre line separation from the existing north runway is about 1,400 m (4,593 ft). This allows simultaneous instrument landing system (ILS) operations on these two runways, which has not been possible on the other parallel runways, which do not meet the 3,500-foot minimum separation for ILS operations.[8] This allowed the airport to increase its capacity from 83 to 126 aircraft movements per hour.[9][10]

Ban on night flights

On 11 October 2011, the Hessian Administration Court ruled that night flights between 11pm and 5am (the so-called Mediationsnacht) are no longer allowed at Frankfurt Airport after the inauguration of the new runway, and therefore over-rode the approval from the Hessian government from 2007 which allowed 17 scheduled flights per night. On 4 April 2012 the German Administrative Court confirmed the decision of the Hessian Administration Court, banning night flights between 11pm and 5am.[11]

Expansion of Terminal 1

To handle the predicted passenger amount of about 90 million in 2020, a new terminal section adjacent to Terminal 1 for an additional six million passengers opened on 10 October 2012. It is called Flugsteig A-Plus and exclusively used by Lufthansa mainly for their long-haul flights. Flugsteig A-Plus features eight parking positions and is able to handle four Airbus A380 or seven Boeing 747 at once.[12]

Facilities

Terminals

Frankfurt Airport has two large main passenger terminals (1 and 2) and a much smaller dedicated First Class Terminal which is operated and exclusively used by Lufthansa. As is the case at London's Heathrow Airport, terminal operations are grouped for airlines and airline alliances rather than into domestic and international routes.

Terminal 1

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 is the older and larger one of the two passenger terminals. The landside is 420 metres long. It has been enlarged several times and is divided into concourses A, B, C and Z and has a capacity of approximately 50 million passengers per year. Terminal 1 is functionally divided into three levels, the departures level on the upper floor with check-in counters, the arrivals level with baggage claim areas on the ground floor and, underneath, a distribution floor with access to the regional station and underground and multilevel parking. Departures and arrivals levels each have separate street approaches. A bus station is located at arrivals level. Terminal 1 has a total of 103 gates, which include 54 gates equipped with jetways (25 in Concourse A, 18 in Concourse B, 11 in Concourse C).

Pier A was extended by 500 metres in 2000, and a link between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2, as well as the Hall C extension opened in 2008.[13]

On 10 October 2012, an 800-metre-long westward expansion of Terminal 1 called Pier A-Plus went into operation. It provides more stands for wide-body aircraft like the Airbus A380.[14]

Terminal 1 is primarily used by Lufthansa, its associated companies (e.g. Swiss International Air Lines and Austrian Airlines) and its Star Alliance partners (e.g. Aegean Airlines, Air Canada, Air China, Air India, All Nippon Airways, Croatia Airlines, Scandinavian Airlines, Singapore Airlines, South African Airways, TAP Portugal, Thai Airways, Turkish Airlines and United Airlines).

Terminal 2

Terminal 2

Terminal 2, which has a capacity of 15 million passengers a year, was opened in 1994 and is divided into concourses D and E. A continuous concourse between Terminal 1C and 2D provides direct, but non-public access between the two terminals. It has eight gates with jetways and 34 apron stands, a total of 42 gates and is able to handle wide-body aircraft such as Korean Air's Airbus A380s.

Terminal 2 is primarily used by airlines of the oneworld (e.g. Air Berlin, American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Finnair, Iberia, Japan Airlines, LAN Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Royal Jordanian and S7 Airlines) and SkyTeam alliances (e.g. Aeroflot, Air France, Alitalia, China Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Czech Airlines, Delta Air Lines, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Korean Air, Saudia, TAROM and Vietnam Airlines).

Passengers and visitors can change terminals with the people mover system SkyLine which has stops at Terminal 1 AZ (passengers only), Terminal 1 BC and Terminal 2 DE. The travel time between the terminals is 2 minutes with trains arriving every 2–3 minutes during the day. Additionally there is regular bus service between the terminals. The future of terminal 2 will operate also for Star Alliance Lufthansa for the next 2020.

Lufthansa First Class Terminal

Lufthansa First Class Terminal

Lufthansa operates a small dedicated First Class Terminal near Terminal 1 with exclusive access for Lufthansa first class passengers and HON Circle frequent flyer members only. Other first class passengers must use the dedicated first class lounges within the main terminals. The facility has 200 staff and is used by about 300 passengers daily. It provides individualised security screening and customs facilities. Amenities include valet parking, a white-linen restaurant, lounge and office areas, a cigar room and bubble baths. Passengers are transported directly from the terminal to the plane by luxury car.

Runways

Frankfurt Airport has four runways of which three are arranged parallel in east-west direction and one in north-south direction. In 2010 three runways (Runways North, South and West) handled 464,432 aircraft movements, which equated to 83 movements per hour. With the start of operation of the Northwest Runway in October 2011 the airport was predicted to be able to handle 126 movements per hour. It is predicted that aircraft movements will increase up to 700,000 in the year 2020. By using the fourth runway, Frankfurt Airport is able for the first time to handle simultaneous parallel landings, because the distance between the north and the north-west runways is 1,400 m (4,593 ft). Simultaneous parallel landings were not possible with the north and south runway pairing, because the separation distance did not meet the safety standard prescribed by the International Civil Aviation Organization.

Direction/name Length in m / ft Surface Arrangement Start of operation Use
07C/25C (Runway North) 4000 × 60 / 13,123 × 197 Asphalt East-west 1936 Take-offs (landings allowed)
07R/25L (Runway South) 4000 × 45 / 13,123 × 148 Asphalt East-west 1949 Take-offs and landings
18 (Runway West) 4000 × 45 / 13,123 × 148 Concrete North-south 1984 Take-offs in southbound direction only
07L/25R (Runway Northwest) 2800 × 45 / 9,240 × 148 Concrete East-west 2011 Landings only (not allowed for Airbus A380, Boeing 747, MD-11)

During normal operation the two outer parallel runways (07L/25R and 07R/25L) are used for landings and the central parallel runway (07C/25C) and the Runway West (18) for take-offs. The three parallel runways have two markings because they can be operated in two directions while the Runway West can only be used in one direction.

Future expansions

Airport map with planned and already constructed expansions

Terminal 3 (under construction)

In 2009, the German government decided to create third terminals for both Frankfurt Airport and Munich Airport, in order to handle expected passenger flows of 90 million in Frankfurt by 2020 and 50 million in Munich by 2017. The new terminal is scheduled to be built by Fraport, south of the existing terminals on the grounds of the former Rhein-Main Air Base. The new Terminal 3 is to accommodate up to 25 million passengers and will feature 75 new aircraft positions when completely constructed. An extension of the SkyLine people mover system is planned to connect the new terminal to Terminals 1 and 2 and the airport train stations.

In August 2014, the city of Frankfurt granted building permission for the first phase of Terminal 3.[15] The groundbreaking for the new Terminal took place on 5 October 2015. Its first phase, consisting of the main building and two of the planned four piers, is planned to open by 2022 and will be able to handle 15 million additional passengers per year. Total costs are estimated at 3 billion Euros.[16]

Passenger airlines and destinations

Nonstop routes from Frankfurt to Europe (excluding Iceland).
Nonstop routes from Frankfurt.

107 airlines fly to 275 destinations in 111 countries from Frankfurt Airport, with approximately 1,365 flights per day. Lufthansa and their Star Alliance partners account for 77% of all passengers at Frankfurt Airport.[17] 65% of all intercontinental flights in Germany are operated at Frankfurt Airport, followed by Munich Airport with 17%.[17]

Due to capacity constraints until autumn 2011 when the fourth runway went into operation, there are few low-cost carriers operating at Frankfurt Airport. These airlines use Frankfurt-Hahn Airport as an alternative which also provides lower operational costs. Despite its name, Frankfurt-Hahn Airport is located about 120 km (75 mi) west of Frankfurt, closer to Koblenz and Mainz.

The following airlines offer regular scheduled and charter flights at Frankfurt Airport:[18]

AirlinesDestinationsTerminal/
Concourse
Adria Airways Ljubljana, Pristina, Tirana 1A, 1B
Aegean Airlines Athens, Thessaloniki
Seasonal: Corfu, Heraklion, Rhodes
1A, 1B
Aer Lingus Dublin 2D
Aeroflot Moscow–Sheremetyevo 2D
Air Algérie Algiers
Seasonal: Oran
2E
Air Arabia Maroc Marrakesh 2E
Air Astana Astana 2E
airBaltic Riga
Seasonal: Heringsdorf
2E
Air Berlin Berlin–Tegel, Catania, Palma de Mallorca
Seasonal: Corfu, Hurghada, Ibiza
2E
Air Canada Calgary, Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson
Seasonal: Ottawa
1B
Air China Beijing–Capital, Chengdu, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen (begins 21 May 2016)[19] 1B
Air Europa Madrid 2E
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle 2D
Air India Delhi 1B
Air Malta Malta 1C
Air Moldova Chişinău 2D
Air Namibia Windhoek 2E
Air Serbia Belgrade 2D
Air VIA Seasonal charter: Burgas, Varna 2D
Alitalia Rome–Fiumicino 2D
Alitalia
operated by Alitalia CityLiner
Milan–Linate 2D
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda 1B
American Airlines Charlotte, Dallas/Fort Worth, Philadelphia 2E
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon 1B
Austrian Airlines Graz,[20] Innsbruck,[21][22] Salzburg,[21][22] Vienna 1A
Azores Airlines Ponta Delgada 2E
Belavia Minsk–National 2D
BMI Regional Bristol, Jönköping, Karlstad 1A, 1B
British Airways London–Heathrow 2E
British Airways
operated by BA CityFlyer
London–City 2E
Bulgaria Air Sofia 1C
Bulgarian Air Charter Seasonal charter: Burgas, Varna 2D
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong 2E
China Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan 2D
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai–Pudong 2D
China Southern Airlines Changsha, Guangzhou 2D
Condor Agadir, Antalya, Barbados, Cancún, Fortaleza, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Gran Canaria, Havana, Holguín, Hurghada, Kilimanjaro, Lanzarote, Las Vegas, Mahé, Malé, Mauritius, Mombasa, Montego Bay, Panama City, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Recife, Salvador da Bahia, San José de Costa Rica, San Juan, Santa Cruz de la Palma, Santo Domingo, Seattle/Tacoma, Tenerife–South, Tobago, Varadero, Windhoek, Zanzibar
Seasonal: Anchorage, Antigua, Austin (begins 27 June 2016),[23] Baltimore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Burgas, Calgary, Cape Town, Chania, Corfu, Dalaman, Djerba, Enfidha, Fairbanks, Fort-de-France (begins 6 November 2016), Fort Lauderdale, Grenada, Halifax, Heraklion, Ibiza, Jerez de la Frontera, Kalamata, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Mykonos, Palma de Mallorca, Phuket, Portland (OR), Providence, Rhodes, Rijeka, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, Santorini, Split, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver, Whitehorse
1C
Condor
operated by AirBaltic
Seasonal: Kavala, Kos, Preveza, Zakynthos[24] 1C
Croatia Airlines Dubrovnik, Split, Zagreb
Seasonal: Pula, Zadar
1B
Czech Airlines Prague 2D
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Detroit, New York–JFK 2D
EgyptAir Cairo 1B
El Al Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion 1C
Emirates Dubai–International 2E
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa 1B
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi 2E
Finnair Helsinki 2E
Finnair
operated by Nordic Regional Airlines
Helsinki 2E
Germania Marsa Alam
Seasonal: Palma de Mallorca
2D
Gulf Air Bahrain 2D
Iberia Madrid 2E
Icelandair Reykjavík–Keflavík 2E
Iran Air Tehran–Imam Khomeini 1C
Iraqi Airways
operated by AirExplore
Baghdad 2D
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Narita 2D
KLM
operated by KLM Cityhopper
Amsterdam 2D
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon 2D
Kuwait Airways Geneva, Kuwait 2D
LAN Airlines Madrid, Santiago de Chile 1C
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw–Chopin 1A
Lufthansa Aberdeen, Abuja, Addis Ababa, Alicante, Algiers, Almaty, Amman–Queen Alia, Amsterdam, Ankara, Antalya, Ashgabat, Astana, Athens, Atlanta (resumes 30 October 2016),[25] Bahrain, Baku, Bangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Barcelona, Beijing–Capital, Beirut, Belgrade, Berlin–Tegel, Bilbao, Billund, Birmingham, Bogotá, Bologna, Boston, Bremen, Brussels, Bucharest, Budapest, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Cairo, Caracas, Chennai (ends 31 August 2016),[26] Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Dallas/Fort Worth, Dammam, Delhi, Denver, Detroit, Doha, Dresden, Dubai–International, Dublin, Düsseldorf, Edinburgh, Faro, Gdańsk, Geneva, Gothenburg–Landvetter, Hamburg, Hanover, Helsinki, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Istanbul–Atatürk, Jeddah, Johannesburg–OR Tambo, Katowice, Kiev–Boryspil, Kraków, Kuwait, Leipzig/Halle, Linz, Lisbon, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Luanda, Lagos, Lyon, Madrid, Malabo, Málaga, Malta, Manchester, Marrakesh, Marseille, Mexico City, Miami, Milan–Linate, Milan–Malpensa, Moscow–Domodedovo, Mumbai, Munich, Münster/Osnabrück, Nagoya–Centrair, Nanjing, Naples, New York–JFK, Newark, Nice, Nuremberg, Orlando–International, Osaka–Kansai, Oslo–Gardermoen, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Port Harcourt, Porto, Poznań, Prague, Qingdao, Riga, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, Riyadh, Rome–Fiumicino, Saint Petersburg, San Francisco, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul–Incheon, Seville, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenyang, Singapore, Sofia, Stockholm–Arlanda, Stuttgart, Tallinn, Tehran–Imam Khomeini, Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Toulouse, Tunis, Turin, Valencia, Vancouver, Venice–Marco Polo, Vienna, Vilnius, Warsaw–Chopin, Washington–Dulles, Wrocław, Zagreb, Zürich
Seasonal: Bodrum, Casablanca, Dubrovnik, Hévíz–Balaton, Ivalo[27] (begins 17 December 2016), Larnaca, Palma de Mallorca, Reykjavík–Keflavík, Split, Tromsø[28] (begins 26 November 2016)
1A, 1B, 1C
Lufthansa
operated by Lufthansa CityLine
Atlanta (ends 29 October 2016),[25] Chennai (begins 1 September 2016),[26] Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta (begins 1 September 2016),[26] Panama City, Philadelphia, San Jose (CA) (begins 1 July 2016),[29] Tampa
Seasonal: Cancún, Malé, Mauritius, Montréal–Trudeau (begins 13 May 2016)[26]
1B, 1C
Lufthansa
operated by PrivatAir
Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta (ends 31 August 2016),[30] Pune 1B
Lufthansa Regional
operated by Lufthansa CityLine
Aalborg, Amsterdam, Basel/Mulhouse, Belgrade, Billund, Bologna, Brussels, Bucharest, Bydgoszcz, Düsseldorf, Florence, Friedrichshafen, Gdańsk, Leipzig/Halle, Linz, London–City, Lublin, Luxembourg, Minsk–National, Nuremberg, Poznań, Sylt, Tirana[31]
Seasonal: Bastia, Cagliari, Olbia, Palermo, Turin, Verona, Wrocław
1A, 1B
MIAT Mongolian Airlines Ulaanbaatar
Seasonal: Yekaterinburg
2D
Middle East Airlines Beirut 1B
Montenegro Airlines Podgorica 2D
Nouvelair Charter: Enfidha 2E
Oman Air Muscat 2E
Onur Air Istanbul–Atatürk 2E
Pegasus Airlines Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen 2E
Qatar Airways Doha 1B
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca, Nador 2D
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia 2E
S7 Airlines Seasonal: Novosibirsk 2E
Saudia Jeddah, Riyadh
Seasonal: Medina
2D
Scandinavian Airlines Copenhagen, Oslo–Gardermoen, Stockholm–Arlanda 1A
Sea Air Osijek 2E
Singapore Airlines New York–JFK, Singapore 1B
Somon Air Dushanbe 2E
South African Airways Johannesburg–OR Tambo 1B
SriLankan Airlines Colombo 2E
SunExpress Antalya, İzmir 2D
SunExpress Deutschland Adana, Agadir (begins 4 June 2016),[32] Ankara, Antalya, Chania,[32] Gazipaşa, Hurghada, Ibiza,[32] İzmir, Lamezia Terme (begins 1 June 2016),[32] Lanzarote,[32] Luxor, Marsa Alam, Palma de Mallorca (begins 1 June 2016),[32] Sharm el-Sheikh
Seasonal: Burgas,[32] Samsun (begins 6 July 2016),[32] Thessaloniki, Varna
2D
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich 1A
Swiss International Air Lines
operated by Swiss Global Air Lines
Zürich 1A
TAM Airlines São Paulo–Guarulhos 1C
TAP Portugal Lisbon 1A
TAROM Bucharest 2D
Thai Airways Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi 1C
TUIfly Boa Vista, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Hurghada, Lanzarote, Marsa Alam, Sal, Tenerife–South
Seasonal: Antalya, Corfu, Dalaman, Faro, Funchal, Heraklion, Ibiza, Jerez de la Frontera, Kos, Minorca, Palma de Mallorca, Patras, Rhodes, Zadar
2D
Tunisair Djerba, Enfidha, Tunis 1C
Turkish Airlines Ankara, Istanbul–Atatürk, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Seasonal: Adana, Kayseri, Izmir
1B
Turkmenistan Airlines Ashgabat 2D
Ukraine International Airlines Kiev–Boryspil 2D
United Airlines Chicago–O'Hare, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, San Francisco, Washington–Dulles 1B
Uzbekistan Airways Tashkent 2D
UTair Aviation Seasonal: Rostov-on-Don 2E
Vietnam Airlines Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City 2D
Vueling Barcelona 2E
WOW air Reykjavík–Keflavík (begins 14 June 2016)[33] 2E

Cargo

Frankfurt Airport is the second-largest multimodal transport airport in Europe and has several logistics facilities. These facilities are grouped at two areas at the airport ground: In the north (CargoCity Nord) and in the south (CargoCity Süd). In 2010 it was the second-busiest airport by cargo traffic in Europe after Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, handling 2,231,348 metric tonnes of loaded and unloaded freight.

CargoCity

CargoCity is the name of the two large main areas featuring most of the airport's freight handling facilities:

Cargo airlines and destinations

AirlinesDestinations
AeroLogic Ashgabat,[34] Hong Kong
Air Algérie Cargo Algiers
Air China Cargo Beijing-Capital, Shanghai-Pudong
AirBridgeCargo Airlines Helsinki, Moscow-Domodedovo, Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Yekaterinburg
Asiana Cargo Gothenburg-Landvetter, Moscow-Domodedovo, Seoul-Incheon, Vienna
Atlas Air Hahn, Houston-Intercontinental, Miami
Cathay Pacific Cargo Amsterdam, Chennai, Dubai-International, Hong Kong, Manchester, Mumbai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle
China Airlines Abu Dhabi, Prague, Taipei-Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines Shanghai-Pudong
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou,[35] Shanghai-Pudong[35]
DHL Aviation
operated by ASL Airlines Ireland
Leipzig/Halle
DHL Aviation
operated by EAT Leipzig
Leipzig/Halle, London-Heathrow
Emirates SkyCargo Campinas-Viracopos, Dakar, Dubai-Al Maktoum, Mexico City, Tripoli[36]
Etihad Cargo Abu Dhabi[37]
FedEx Express Cologne/Bonn, Memphis
FedEx Feeder
operated by ASL Airlines Ireland
Paris-Charles de Gaulle
Iran Air Cargo Tehran-Mehrabad
Korean Air Cargo Brussels, Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Navoi, Seoul-Incheon, Stockholm-Arlanda, Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion
LAN Cargo Amsterdam, Buenos Aires-Ezeiza, Campinas-Viracopos, Lima, Santiago de Chile
Lufthansa Cargo Aguadilla, Almaty, Amsterdam, Atlanta, Bahrain, Bangalore, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing-Capital, Bogotá, Boston, Buenos Aires, Campinas, Chennai, Chicago-O'Hare, Chongqing, Cologne/Bonn, Curitiba, Dakar, Dallas/Fort Worth, Delhi, Detroit, Dhaka, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Istanbul-Atatürk, Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta, Jeddah, Johannesburg, Kaunas, Krasnoyarsk, Los Angeles, Manaus, Manchester, Mexico City, Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Mumbai, Nairobi, New York-JFK, Osaka-Kansai, Quito, Rio de Janeiro-Galeão, Riyadh, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Shannon, Sharjah, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion, Tokyo-Narita, Toronto-Pearson, Tucumán
Lufthansa Cargo
operated by AeroLogic[38]
Atlanta, Chicago-O'Hare, Houston, Los Angeles, Toronto-Pearson
Maximus Air Cargo Sharjah
MyCargo Airlines Istanbul-Sabiha Gökçen
National Airlines Doha, Hong Kong, Karaganda, Kuwait, Quetta
Nightexpress Coventry
Qatar Airways Cargo Doha
Saudia Cargo Dammam, Riyadh
Singapore Airlines Cargo Bangalore, Sharjah, Singapore[39]
Southern Air Anchorage
TNT Airways Dubai-International, Liege
Turkish Airlines Cargo Istanbul-Atatürk, Lagos
Uzbekistan Airways Baku, Tashkent

Other facilities

Airport City

Frankfurt Airport Centre 1
The Squaire

The airport ground and the surrounding area of Frankfurt Airport offer a large variety of on-airport businesses as well as airport-related businesses, including office space, hotels, shopping areas, conference rooms and car parks. The development of an airport city has significantly accelerated in recent years.

Frankfurt Airport Centres

The Frankfurt Airport Centre 1 (FAC 1) near Terminal 1 offers office and conference facilities, the newer FAC 2 is located within Terminal 2 and offers office space for airlines.

Airport City Mall

The Airport City Mall is located on the landside of Terminal 1, departure hall B. It offers national and international retailers and label stores, a supermarket and several restaurants.

The Squaire

Main article: The Squaire

The Squaire is an office building with a total floor area of 140,000 m2 (1,506,900 sq ft). It is directly connected to Terminal 1 through a connecting corridor for pedestrians. The accounting firm KPMG, Lufthansa and two Hilton Hotels (Hilton Garden Inn Frankfurt Airport with 334 rooms and Hilton Frankfurt Airport with 249 rooms) occupy space in The Squaire.

Main Airport Centre

The Main Airport Centre, named after the Main river, is an office building with ten floors and about 51,000 m2 (549,000 sq ft) of office space. It is located at the edge of the Frankfurt City Forest near Terminal 2.

Sheraton Hotel & Conference Centre

Sheraton Hotels and Resorts offers 1,008 guest rooms adjacent to Terminal 1 and a conference centre for up to 200 delegates.

Gateway Gardens

Gateway Gardens is a former housing area for the United States Air Force personnel based at the Rhein-Main Air Base, close to Terminal 2. Like the air base, the housing area was closed in 2005. Since then the area is being developed into a business location for airport-related companies. Lufthansa moved its airline catering subsidiary LSG Sky Chefs to Gateway Gardens, Condor and SunExpress are headquartered here. DB Schenker, the logistics company of Deutsche Bahn, is currently building a 66 m (217 ft) high-rise building.

Further users

Lufthansa Aviation Centre

Statistics

Lufthansa Airbus A340-300 at Frankfurt Airport
Aer Lingus Airbus A320-200 at Frankfurt Airport
Delta Air Lines Boeing 767-400ER at Frankfurt Airport
Korean Air Airbus A380-800 at Frankfurt Airport
TAM Airlines Boeing 777-300ER at Frankfurt Airport
Cathay Pacific Boeing 747-400 at Frankfurt Airport
Air France Airbus A318-100 at Frankfurt Airport
United Airlines Boeing 777-200ER at Frankfurt Airport

Passenger numbers

Passengers
2000 49,360,620
2001 Decrease 48,559,980
2002 Decrease 48,450,356
2003 Decrease 48,351,664
2004 Increase 51,098,271
2005 Increase 52,219,412
2006 Increase 52,810,683
2007 Increase 54,161,856
2008 Decrease 53,467,450
2009 Decrease 50,932,840
2010 Increase 53,009,221
2011 Increase 56,436,255
2012 Increase 57,520,001
2013 Increase 58,036,948
2014[60] Increase 59,570,000
2015[61] Increase 61,032,022
Source: ADV[62]

Route statistics

Busiest routes at Frankfurt Airport (2010)[63]
RankDestinationDeparting passengersOperating airlines
1 Germany Berlin-Tegel 802,000 Lufthansa, Air Berlin
2 Germany Hamburg 745,100 Lufthansa, Air Berlin
3 United Kingdom London-Heathrow 639,500 British Airways, Lufthansa
4 Austria Vienna 484,200 Adria Airways, Austrian Airlines, Lufthansa, Niki
5 Germany Munich 475,100 Lufthansa
6 Spain Madrid 459,400 Iberia, LAN Airlines, Lufthansa, Spanair
7 United States Chicago-O'Hare 451,700 American Airlines, Lufthansa, United Airlines
8 France Paris-Charles de Gaulle 448,200 Air France, Lufthansa
9 Singapore Singapore 429,500 Lufthansa, Qantas, Singapore Airlines
10 United States New York-JFK 365,400 Delta, Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines
11 United Arab Emirates Dubai 337,700 Condor, Emirates, Lufthansa
12 United States Washington-Dulles 334,900 Lufthansa, United Airlines
13 Thailand Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi 330,900 Lufthansa, Thai Airways
14 Italy Rome-Fiumicino 320,300 Alitalia, Ethiopian Airlines, Lufthansa
15 Turkey Istanbul-Atatürk 319,900 Condor, Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines
16 Spain Palma de Mallorca 319,000 Air Berlin, Condor, TUIfly, Lufthansa
17 Spain Barcelona 290,600 Lufthansa, Spanair
18 Japan Tokyo-Narita 290,600 All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, Lufthansa
19 Canada Toronto-Pearson 289,100 Air Canada, Air Transat, Lufthansa
20 Turkey Antalya 289,000 Condor, Pegasus Airlines, Sky Airlines, SunExpress, TUIFly, Turkish Airlines, XL Airways
21 Netherlands Amsterdam 287,200 KLM, Lufthansa
22 United States San Francisco 277,300 Lufthansa, United Airlines
23 Denmark Copenhagen 276,400 Lufthansa, Scandinavian Airlines
24 Switzerland Zurich 272,700 Lufthansa, Swiss International Air Lines
25 ChinaBeijing-Capital 270,500 Air China, Lufthansa
26 China Shanghai-Pudong 264,900 Air China, China Eastern Airlines, Lufthansa
27 Sweden Stockholm-Arlanda 264,000 Lufthansa, Scandinavian Airlines
28 United States Newark 255,000 Continental, Lufthansa
29 Portugal Lisbon 253,900 Lufthansa, TAP Portugal
30 South Korea Seoul-Incheon 236,400 Asiana Airlines, Korean Air, Lufthansa
31 Israel Tel Aviv 228,300 El Al, Lufthansa, Sun d'Or International Airlines
32 Brazil São Paulo-Guarulhos 223,500 Lufthansa, TAM Airlines
33 Finland Helsinki 222,700 Finnair, Lufthansa
34 Hong Kong Hong Kong 221,700 Cathay Pacific, Lufthansa
35 Czech Republic Prague 220,000 Czech Airlines, Lufthansa
36 Republic of Ireland Dublin 214,700 Aer Lingus, Lufthansa
37 Norway Oslo-Gardermoen 213,300 Lufthansa, Scandinavian Airlines
38 Greece Athens 210,500 Aegean Airlines, Lufthansa
39 Russia Moscow-Domodedovo 210,500 Lufthansa, S7 Airlines, Transaero
40 South Africa Johannesburg 209,300 Lufthansa, South African Airways

Ground transport

Frankfurt Airport can easily be accessed by car, taxi, train or bus as it features an extensive transport network. There are two railway stations at the airport: one for suburban/regional trains and one for long-distance trains.

Rail

Regional station

S-Bahn at the regional station

Frankfurt Airport regional station (Frankfurt Flughafen Regionalbahnhof) at Terminal 1, concourse B, provides access to the S-Bahn commuter rail lines S8 and S9. Each of these lines have trains departing every 15 minutes during daytime to Hanau Central Station eastwards via Frankfurt Central Station and Offenbach East Station or Wiesbaden Central Station westwards via Rüsselsheim or Mainz Central Station (line S8) or Mainz-Kastel Station (line S9).

The journey time to Frankfurt Central Station is 10–12 minutes.[64]

Regional Express (RE) trains to Saarbrücken, Koblenz or Würzburg call at this station. These trains provide less frequent but additional connections between Frankfurt Airport and the Central Station.[64]

Long-distance station

Platforms at the long-distance station

Frankfurt Airport long-distance station (Frankfurt Flughafen Fernbahnhof) was opened in 1999. The station is squeezed in between the motorway A 3 and the four-lane Bundesstraße B43, linked to Terminal 1 by a connecting corridor for pedestrians that bridges the Autobahn. It is the end point of the newly built Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line, which links southern Germany to the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area, the Netherlands and Belgium via Cologne at speeds up to 300 km/h (190 mph). About 10 trains per hour depart in all directions.[64]

Deutsche Bahn operates the AIRail Service in conjunction with Lufthansa, American Airlines and Emirates. The service operates to the central stations of Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Leipzig, Hamburg, Hannover, Mannheim, Munich, Nuremberg, Stuttgart and to Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe.[65]

Car

Frankfurt Airport is located in the Frankfurt City Forest and directly connected to an Autobahn intersection called Frankfurter Kreuz where the A3 and A5 meet. It takes a 10–15 minutes by car or taxi to get to Frankfurt Central Station or the centre of the city.[66]

Passengers driving their owns cars can park in multilevel parking garages (mostly underground) along the terminals. A long term holiday parking lot is located south of the runways and connected by shuttle bus to the terminals.

Bus and coaches

Various transport companies provide bus services to the airport from the surrounding areas as well as by coach to long-distance destinations.[67]

Ground transport statistics

In 2006, 29.5% of the 12,299,192 passengers whose air travel originated in Frankfurt came by private car, 27.9% came by rail, 20.4% by taxi, 11.1% parked their car at the airport for the duration of their trip, 5.3% came by bus, and 4.6% arrived with a rental car.[68]

Incidents and accidents

Trivia

In media

Frankfurt Airport features in the Discovery Channel series X-Ray Mega Airport (also known as Inside Frankfurt Airport).[72]

See also

References

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External links

Frankfurt Airport travel guide from Wikivoyage
Media related to Frankfurt Airport at Wikimedia Commons

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