Foreign relations of Romania
This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Romania |
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The foreign relations of Romania are conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministerul Afacerilor Externe). Romania is a member of NATO and the European Union.
Relations by region and country
Europe: European Union
Romania joined the European Union (EU) on January 1, 2007. Romania also declared its public support for Turkey and Croatia joining the European Union. Romania shares a privileged economic relation with Turkey. Romania has developed strong relations with Hungary, with the latter playing a key role in supporting Romania's bid to join the EU.[1]
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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Austria | 1878-09-23 | See Foreign relations of Austria
Austria (Austria-Hungary, in that era) was the first country who recognized Romania's independence from Turkey (the Ottoman Empire at that time). The relations were suspended on August 27, 1916 when Romania declared war on Austria-Hungary, entering the First World War. On August 27, 1920, the diplomatic relations were resumed, this time with Austria proper, due to the dissolution of the Austria-Hungary Empire. On April 5, 1938 relations were suspended again, few days before the annexation of Austria by Germany (Anschluss). Relations resumed on October 8, 1947, two years after Austria's secession from Germany.
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Belgium | 1880-03-29 | See Foreign relations of Belgium
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Bulgaria | 1879-07-28 | See Bulgaria–Romania relations |
Croatia | 1941-05-13 | Croatia has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Zagreb. Croatia joined the European Union as a full member on July 1, 2013, while Romania joined on January 1, 2007. |
Cyprus | 1960-08-16 | See Foreign relations of Cyprus[2][3]
Cyprus joined the European Union as a full member on May 1, 2004, while Romania joined on January 1, 2007.
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Czech Republic | 1919-04-06 | See Foreign relations of the Czech Republic
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Denmark | 1917-04-26 | See Denmark–Romania relations |
Estonia | 1921-03-21 | See Foreign relations of Estonia
Between 1924–1940, the diplomatic representation of Romania in Estonia was handled by the Romanian legation in Warsaw, Poland.
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Finland | 1920-06-28 | See Foreign relations of Finland
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France | 1880-02-20 | See France–Romania relations |
Germany | 1880-02-20 | See Foreign relations of Germany
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Greece | 1880-01-08 | See Greece–Romania relations |
Hungary | 1920-08-21 | See Hungary–Romania relations |
Ireland | 1990-04-18 | See Ireland–Romania relations |
Italy | 1879-12-06 | See Foreign relations of Italy
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Latvia | 1921-02-21 | See Foreign relations of Latvia
Between June 2, 1922 – October 18, 1939, the diplomatic representation of Latvia in Romania was handled by the Latvian legation in Prague, in then neighbouring Czechoslovakia. In 1924, Latvia opened 3 honorary consulates in Romania (in Bucharest, Constanţa and Galaţi). On October 18, 1939, Latvia opened its legation in Bucharest. In May 1929, Romania opened its legation in Riga.
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Lithuania | 1924-08-21[5][6] | See Lithuania–Romania relations |
Luxembourg | 1910-12-18 | See Foreign relations of Luxembourg
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Malta | 1968-06-07 | See Foreign relations of Malta
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Netherlands | 1880-01-24 | See Netherlands–Romania relations[7] |
Poland | 1919-02-22 | See Poland–Romania relations |
Portugal | 1917-08-25 | See Foreign relations of Portugal
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Slovakia | 1939-07-01 | See Romania–Slovakia relations[8] |
Slovenia | 1992-08-28 | See Romania–Slovenia relations |
Spain | 1881-07-05 | See Romania–Spain relations |
Sweden | 1916-03-18 | See Romania–Sweden relations |
United Kingdom | 1880-02-20 | See Romania–United Kingdom relations[9] |
Europe: European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
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Iceland | 1956-05-16 | See Foreign relations of Iceland
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Liechtenstein | 1997-12-12 | See Foreign relations of Liechtenstein
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Norway | 1917-05-03 | See Norway–Romania relations |
Switzerland | 1911-05-09 | See Romania–Switzerland relations[10][11] |
Europe: Central European Free Trade Association (CEFTA)
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Albania | 1913-12-28 | See Foreign relations of Albania
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Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1996-03-01 | See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Romania relations |
Macedonia | 1992 | See Foreign relations of Macedonia
In November 1993, Romania opened its general consulate in Skopje. On January 11, 1995, Romania upgraded its general consulate in Skopje to an embassy. On April 19, 2007 Romania opened its honorary consulate in Bitola. On November 12, 2009 Macedonia opened its honorary consulate in Ploieşti.
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Republic of Moldova | listed in Europe: Eastern Europe due to geopolitical reasons | |
Montenegro | 2006-08-09 | See Montenegro–Romania relations[12] |
Serbia | 1841-04-19[13] | See Romania–Serbia relations
Danubian Principalities of Wallachia and Serbia were de facto the first states to recognize each other's diplomatic networks – already by the end of 1830s, as both monarchies strived for formal independence from the Ottoman Empire.[14][15] Following their recognition as independent states, on 14/26 April 1879 the Romanian diplomatic agency in Belgrade became a legation, having Lascăr Catargiu as its first resident minister.[16] This status later evolved into full-fledged embassies with assumed more diplomatic and consular affairs, which was ongoing in parallel with the changes of Serbian political status (within Yugoslav kingdom and republic and Serbo-Montenengrin Union state). Nowadays Romania has an embassy in Belgrade, a general consulate in Vršac. Serbia has an embassy in Bucharest, a general consulate in Timișoara. Significant minorities exist on both sides of the border, which are quite exemplary integrated into local societies. |
Europe: Eastern Europe (some part of EurAsEC)
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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Belarus | 1992-02-14 | See Foreign relations of Belarus
Romania recognized Belarus' independence on December 20, 1991 and established diplomatic relations on February 14, 1992. Belarus opened a general consulate in Bucharest in 1993, turned into an embassy in 1995. Diplomatic relations' level:
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Republic of Moldova | 1991-08-29 | See Moldova–Romania relations |
Russia | 1878-10-12 | See Romania–Russia relations |
Ukraine | 1918-02-09 | See Romania–Ukraine relations |
Europe: Mediterranean microstates
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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Andorra | 1996-06-06 | See Foreign relations of Andorra
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Holy See (Vatican) | 1920-06-12 | See Holy See–Romania relations |
Monaco | 1880-02-27 | See Foreign relations of Monaco
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San Marino | 1968-11-15 | See Foreign relations of San Marino
Romania opened its honorary consulate in San Marino in 2001. San Marino opened its honorary consulate in Romania in 2002.
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Sovereign Military Order of Malta[17] | 1992 | See Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta |
Asia: Caucasus
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Armenia | 1991-12-17 | See Armenia–Romania relations |
Azerbaijan | 1992-06-19 | See Azerbaijan–Romania relations |
Georgia | 1921-02-18 | See Foreign relations of Georgia
Soon after the First World War and after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Romania recognized the independence of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia. On August 27, 1991, Romania recognized again Georgia, as it restored its independence. Diplomatic relations' level:
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Asia: Middle East
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Bahrain | 1991-02-01 | See Foreign relations of Bahrain
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Cyprus | listed in Europe: European Union due to political and economic reasons | |
Iran | 1902-07-24 | See Foreign relations of Iran
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Iraq | 1958-08-14 | See Foreign relations of Iraq
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Israel | 1948-06-11 | See Israel–Romania relations |
Jordan | 1965-04-02 | See Foreign relations of Jordan
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Kuwait | 1963-06-10 | See Foreign relations of Kuwait
The first Romanian ambassador was accredited in September 1974. The Kuwaiti embassy in Romania was opened on May 16, 2006.
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Lebanon | 1965-01-06 | See Lebanon–Romania relations |
Oman | 1971-05-01 | See Foreign relations of Oman
The diplomatic representation of Romania in Oman was handled by the Romanian embassy in Tehran, Iran (between 1975–1979) and by the Romanian embassy in Kuwait City, Kuwait (between 1986–1995). Since 2002, the diplomatic representation of Romania in Oman is handled by the Romanian embassy in Riyadh, in nmeighbouring Saudi Arabia.
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Palestinian Authority | 1988-11-17 | See Romania–Palestine relations |
Qatar | 1990-10-22 | See Foreign relations of Qatar
Qatar opened its embassy in Romania in 1997. Diplomatic relations' level:
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Saudi Arabia | 1995-03-13 | See Romania – Saudi Arabia relations |
Syria | 1955-08-09 | See Romania–Syria relations |
Turkey | 1879-10-22 | See Romanian–Turkish relations[18] |
United Arab Emirates | 1989-08-01 | See Foreign relations of United Arab Emirates
Romania opened its commercial office in Dubai in 1974, its embassy in June 1990 in Abu Dhabi and its general consulate in Dubai in January 1992. UAE opened their embassy in Bucharest in December 2004.
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Yemen | 1957-12-17 | See Foreign relations of Yemen
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Asia: Central Asia (mostly part of EurAsEC)
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Kazakhstan | 1992-07-15 | See Foreign relations of Kazakhstan
Romania recognized Kazakhstan's independence on December 17, 1991. In August 2009, Romania moved its embassy to the new Kazakh capital of Astana. Diplomatic relations' level:
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Kyrgyzstan | 1992-06-15 | See Foreign relations of Kyrgyzstan
Romania recognized Kyrgyzstan's independence on December 20, 1991. Romania opened its honorary consulate in Bishkek on May 25, 2006.
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Tajikistan | 1992-07-20 | See Foreign relations of Tajikistan
Romania recognized Tajikistan's independence on December 20, 1991.
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Turkmenistan | 1992-07-20 | See Foreign relations of Turkmenistan
Romania recognized Turkmenistan's independence on December 20, 1991. Diplomatic relations' level:
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Uzbekistan | 1995-10-06 | See Romania–Uzbekistan relations |
Asia: South Asia (SAARC)
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Afghanistan | 1958-06-05 | See Foreign relations of Afghanistan
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Bangladesh | 1972-06-29 | See Foreign relations of Bangladesh
Romania has temporary closed its embassy in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has temporary closed its embassy in Romania.
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India | 1948-12-14 | See Foreign relations of India
Romania opened its embassy in New Delhi in 1955 and India opened its embassy in Bucharest in 1959.
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Maldives | 1979-11-01 | See Foreign relations of Maldives
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Nepal | 1968-04-20 | See Foreign relations of Nepal
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Pakistan | 1964-10-15 | See Pakistan–Romania relations |
Sri Lanka | 1957-09-15 | See Foreign relations of Sri Lanka
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Asia: East Asia
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People's Republic of China | 1949-10-05 | See People's Republic of China – Romania relations[19] |
Japan | 1902-06-18 | See Foreign relations of Japan
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North Korea | 1948-10-26 | See Foreign relations of North Korea
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Mongolia | 1950-04-29 | See Foreign relations of Mongolia
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South Korea | 30 March 1990[20] | See South Korea – Romania relations
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Asia: South-East Asia (mostly ASEAN)
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Brunei | 1994-04-15 | See Foreign relations of Brunei
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Cambodia | 1963-01-10 | See Foreign relations of Cambodia
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Indonesia | 1950-02-20 | See Foreign relations of Indonesia
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Laos | 1962-11-28 | See Foreign relations of Laos
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Malaysia | 1969-03-22 | See Malaysia–Romania relations
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Myanmar | 1956-03-15 | See Foreign relations of Myanmar
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Philippines | 1972-03-10 | See Philippines–Romania relations |
Singapore | 1967-05-30[22] | See Foreign relations of Singapore
In February 2002 the Romanian president Ion Iliescu made an official visit to Singapore.[23] In March 2002 Romania and Singapore signed a double-taxation agreement.[24] In November 2008, Singapore signed an open skies agreement (OSA) with Romania to allow greater flexibility on air services.[25] In 2000, trade between Romania and Singapore was US$15.5 million, roughly balanced.[22] The Romanian market, with a relatively cheap and skilled labor force and advantageous tax laws, has been attractive to several Singapore companies who have established joint ventures in Romania. Forte, created in 1990 as a Romanian-Singapore joint venture for computer assembly, is an example.[26] (However, in 2006 Forte was acquired by Siemens.[27])
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Thailand | 1973-06-01 | See Foreign relations of Thailand
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East Timor | See Foreign relations of East Timor | |
Vietnam | 1950-02-03 | See Foreign relations of Vietnam
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Africa: Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
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Algeria | 1962-04-14 | See Foreign relations of Algeria
The Romanian embassy in Algeria was opened in 1963. The first Romanian ambassador took office on May 5, 1963. Algeria opened its embassy in Bucharest in 1982. Diplomatic relations' level:
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Libya | 1974-02-14 | See Foreign relations of Libya
On July 25, 2007 Libya closed its embassy (listed as "Popular Bureau") in Romania due to financial issues. In July 2010, Libya re-opened its embassy (listed as "Popular Bureau") in Romania. In September 2009, due to its lack of embassy in Romania (previously closed on July 25, 2007), Libya opened a general consulate (listed as "Economic Cooperation Bureau") in Bucharest. The general consulate was turned into an embassy in July 2010, when Libya re-opened its embassy in Romania. Diplomatic relations' level (for Libya):
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Mauritania | 1965-01-15 | See Foreign relations of Mauritania
Romania opened its embassy in Mauritania in 1972, but closed it due to financial issues in 1997. Mauritania opened its embassy in Romania in 1977, but closed it due to financial issues in February 1996.
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Morocco | 1962-02-20 | See Morocco–Romania relations |
Tunisia | 1963-12-16 | See Romania–Tunisia relations[31] |
Africa: Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
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Benin | 1962-06-29 | See Foreign relations of Benin
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Burkina Faso | 1968-04-13 | See Foreign relations of Burkina Faso
Romania recognized Burkina Faso's independence on August 7, 1960, two days after the country declared independence. On March 17, 2003, Romania opened in Ouagadougou its honorary consulate.
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Cape Verde | 1975-09-17 | See Foreign relations of Cape Verde
Initially, the diplomatic representation of Romania in Cape Verde was handled by the Romanian embassy in Conakry, Guinea, but after the closure of this embassy on July 10, 1999, the diplomatic representation of Romania in Cape Verde is handled by the Romanian embassy in Dakar, in neighbouring Senegal.
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Côte d'Ivoire | 1967-05-17 | See Foreign relations of Côte d'Ivoire
Romania closed its embassy in Abidjan in May 1983, due to financial issues.
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Gambia | 1971-07-30 | See Foreign relations of Gambia
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Ghana | 1961-08-10 | See Foreign relations of Ghana
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Guinea | 1958-11-14 | See Foreign relations of Guinea
Romania recognized Guinea's independence on October 9, 1958. The two countries established diplomatic relations on November 14, 1958. The Romanian embassy in Conakry was opened on November 14, 1961, as the first Romanian embassy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Due to financial issues, the Romanian embassy was closed on July 10, 1999. Guinea opened its embassy in Bucharest on April 14, 1974, but closed it in June 1988 due to financial issues.
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Guinea-Bissau | 1973-11-16 | See Foreign relations of Guinea-Bissau
Romania opened its honorary consulate in Guinea-Bissau on September 2, 2005.
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Liberia | 1972-04-30 | See Foreign relations of Liberia
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Mali | 1960-12-01 | See Foreign relations of Mali
Romania recognized Mali's independence on October 10, 1960 and established diplomatic relations on December 1, 1960.
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Niger | 1969-06-20 | See Foreign relations of Niger
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Nigeria | 1966-11-12 | See Foreign relations of Nigeria
Romania opened its embassy in Nigeria in 1968 and moved it in Abuja in 2001. Nigeria opened its embassy in Romania in 1974.
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Senegal | 1965-11-05 | See Foreign relations of Senegal
Romania opened its embassy in Senegal in February 1977.
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Sierra Leone | 1964-01-15 | See Foreign relations of Sierra Leone
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Togo | 1971-01-12 | See Foreign relations of Togo
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Africa: Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
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Angola | listed in Africa: Southern African Development Community (SADC) due to geographical reasons. Angola is member of both communities. | |
Burundi | listed in Africa: East African Community (EAC) due to political and economic reasons. Burundi is member of both communities. | |
Cameroon | 1970-05-15 | See Foreign relations of Cameroon
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Central African Republic | 1969-02-06 | See Foreign relations of Central African Republic
The Romanian embassy in Bangui was opened in 1970 and closed in 1996. The Romanian honorary consulate in Bangui was opened a year later, in 1997. The Central African embassy in Bucharest was opened in 1970 and closed in 1980.
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Chad | 1969-07-15 | See Chad–Romania relations |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1966-10-14 | See Foreign relations of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Romania had temporary closed its embassy in Kinshasa on October 17, 1999.
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Republic of the Congo | 1968-08-21 | See Foreign relations of Republic of the Congo
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Equatorial Guinea | 1972-03-09 | See Foreign relations of Equatorial Guinea
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Gabon | 1972-10-19 | See Foreign relations of Gabon
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Rwanda | listed in Africa: East African Community due to political and economic reasons. Rwanda is member of both communities. | |
São Tomé and Príncipe | 1975-07-12 | See Foreign relations of São Tomé and Príncipe
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Africa: Northwest and Horn of Africa (mostly IGAD)
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Djibouti | 1978-05-18 | See Foreign relations of Djibouti
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Egypt | 1906-04-01 | See Foreign relations of Egypt
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Eritrea | 1993-11-23 | See Foreign relations of Eritrea
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Ethiopia | 1957-07-02 | See Foreign relations of Ethiopia
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Somalia | 1965-07-10 | See Foreign relations of Somalia
Romania opened its embassy in Somalia in 1983. Somalia opened its embassy in Romania in January 1988. Both countries closed their embassies in January 1991.
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South Sudan | 2011-07-09 | See Foreign relations of South Sudan
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Sudan | 1956-01-17 | See Foreign relations of Sudan
As with most of the Eastern European countries, Sudan has enjoyed a historically close and strongly friendly relationship with Romania. The two countries have a long history of political and cultural contact and the East African country is home to a sizable population of Romanian immigrants. Romania and Sudan also have productive economic ties. Diplomatic relations' level:
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Africa: East African Community (EAC)
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Burundi | 1968-09-19 | See Foreign relations of Burundi
In October 1996, due to financial issues, Romania closed its embassy in Bujumbura, Burundi. On October 31, 1997, the Romanian minister of Foreign Affairs signed the document that stipulated the opening of a Romanian honorary consulate in Burundi.
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Kenya | 1968-06-22 | See Foreign relations of Kenya
Romania opened its embassy in Kenya in 1974.
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Rwanda | 1965-07-15 | See Foreign relations of Rwanda
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Tanzania | 1964-05-05 | See Foreign relations of Tanzania
Romania has temporary closed its embassy in Dar es Salaam on November 18, 1999.
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Uganda | 1969-04-27 | See Foreign relations of Uganda
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Africa: Southern African Development Community (SADC)
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Angola | 1975-12-13 | See Foreign relations of Angola
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Botswana | 1971-10-07 | See Foreign relations of Botswana
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DR Congo | listed in Africa: Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) due to geographical reasons. DR Congo is member of both communities. | |
Lesotho | 1975-05-01 | See Foreign relations of Lesotho
The diplomatic representation of Romania in Lesotho was handled by the Romanian embassy in Lusaka, Zambia (between 1978–1980), the Romanian embassy in Maputo, Mozambique (between 1980 – April 1990). From November 1991, the diplomatic representation of Romania in Lesotho is handled by the Romanian embassy in Pretoria, in neighbouring South Africa.
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Madagascar | listed in Africa: Indian Ocean's islands due to geographical reasons | |
Malawi | 1985-07-15 | See Foreign relations of Malawi
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Mauritius | listed in Africa: Indian Ocean's islands due to geographical reasons | |
Mozambique | 1975-06-25 | See Foreign relations of Mozambique
Romania temporary closed its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique on August 10, 1999.
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Namibia | 1990-10-19 | See Foreign relations of Namibia
Romania has temporary closed its embassy in Windhoek, on July 1, 1999, due to financial issues.
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Seychelles | listed in Africa: Indian Ocean's islands due to geographical reasons | |
South Africa | 1991-11-21 | See South African-Romanian relations[34] and Foreign relations of South Africa
South Africa temporary closed its embassy in Romania in 1998. The embassy was reopened in December 2006 (the official ceremony took place in March 2008 due to logistical issues).
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Swaziland | 1991-02-01 | See Foreign relations of Swaziland
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Tanzania | listed in Africa: East African Community due to political and economic reasons. Tanzania is member of both communities. | |
Zambia | 1968-05-28 | See Foreign relations of Zambia
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Zimbabwe | 1980-04-18 | See Foreign relations of Zimbabwe
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Africa: Indian Ocean's islands
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Comoros | 1976-08-02 | See Foreign relations of Comoros
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Madagascar | 1968-09-10 | See Foreign relations of Madagascar
Madagascar opened its honorary consulate in Romania in September 1996.
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Mauritius | 1974-06-25 | See Foreign relations of Mauritius
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Seychelles | 1976-07-30 | See Foreign relations of Seychelles
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Americas: North America (NAFTA)
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Canada | 1919-08-19 | See Canada–Romania relations |
Mexico | 1935-07-20 | See Mexico-Romania relations[35] |
United States | 1880-06-14 | See Romania – United States relations |
Americas: Central America (Central American Integration System)
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Belize | 1993-03-25 | See Foreign relations of Belize
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Costa Rica | 1970-07-04 | See Foreign relations of Costa Rica
Costa Rica has temporary closed its embassy in Romania in 1999. Romania has temporary closed its embassy in Costa Rica in May 2000.
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El Salvador | 1979-12-17 | See Foreign relations of El Salvador
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Guatemala | 1990-12-07 | See Foreign relations of Guatemala
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Honduras | 1973-07-11 | See Foreign relations of Honduras
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Nicaragua | 1979-09-06 | See Foreign relations of Nicaragua
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Panama | 1971-10-05 | See Foreign relations of Panama
On April 23, 1996, Romania opened its honorary consulate in Panama.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Americas: Caribbean (mostly CARICOM)
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Antigua and Barbuda | No relations | See Foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda
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Bahamas | 2007-07-18 | See Foreign relations of the Bahamas
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Barbados | 1977-09-01 | See Foreign relations of Barbados
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Cuba | 1927-04-13 | See Foreign relations of Cuba
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Dominica | 2009-01-30 | See Foreign relations of Dominica
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Dominican Republic | 1984-07-21 | See Foreign relations of the Dominican Republic
In April 1996, Romania opened its first honorary consulate, in Santo Domingo. Since October 14, 2002, the diplomatic representation of Romania in the Dominican Republic is handled by the Romanian embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. In 2007, Romania opened its second honorary consulate, in Santiago de los Caballeros.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Grenada | 1975-04-03 | See Foreign relations of Grenada
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Haiti | 1980-05-09 | See Foreign relations of Haiti
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Jamaica | 1974-08-21 | See Foreign relations of Jamaica
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Saint Kitts and Nevis | 2009-06-25 | See Foreign relations of Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
Saint Lucia | 1979-11-01 | See Foreign relations of Saint Lucia
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 2003-05-22 | See Foreign relations of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
Trinidad and Tobago | 1972-11-25 | See Foreign relations of Trinidad and Tobago
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Americas: South America, Andean Community of Nations (CAN)
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Bolivia | 1969-10-18 | See Foreign relations of Bolivia
The first contacts took place in 1905, when Bolivia opened its honorary consulate in Romania. In 1996, the honorary consulate was turned into an embassy. On July 27, 2000, Bolivia closed its embassy in Romania. Romania temporary closed its embassy in Bolivia on April 1, 2000. Bolivia
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Colombia | 1967-11-15 | See Foreign relations of Colombia
Colombia closed its embassy in Bucharest in November 2002.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Ecuador | 1968-11-12 | See Foreign relations of Ecuador
On April 8, 1880, the newly independent Romania notified Ecuador on its independence. Ecuador answered on July 8, 1881 and congratuled Romania. Until November 11, 1968 the two countries had no diplomatic relations. Romania opened its embassy in Ecuador in July 1973 and Ecuador opened its embassy in Romania in April 1974. On May 31, 1999, Ecuador temporary closed its embassy in Romania. A year later, in May 2000, Romania temporary closed its embassy in Ecuador.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Peru | 1939-10-10 | See Foreign relations of Peru
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Americas: South America, Mercosur
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Argentina | 1931-04-24 | See Foreign relations of Argentina
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Brazil | 1928-01-07 | See Foreign relations of Brazil
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Paraguay | 1992-05-28 | See Foreign relations of Paraguay
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Uruguay | 1925-07-24 | See Foreign relations of Uruguay
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Americas: Rest of South America
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Chile | 1925-02-05 | See Chile–Romania relations[36] |
Guyana | 1973-06-20 | See Foreign relations of Guyana
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Suriname | 1975-11-25 | See Foreign relations of Suriname
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Venezuela | 1935-12-30 | See Foreign relations of Venezuela
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Oceania: Australasia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Australia | 1968-03-18 | See Foreign relations of Australia
Romania and Australia have concluded an Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement, signed in 1994, a Trade and Economic Agreement (signed with full effect for Australia in July 2002 and for Romania in January 2003) and an Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion, signed in 2001.[37]
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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New Zealand | 1969-10-13 | See Foreign relations of New Zealand
In 1970, Romania opened a general consulate in Wellington, turned into an embassy in 1981. The Romanian embassy in New Zealand was closed in February 1989. The immigration issues of Romanian citizens to the New Zealand are handled by the New Zealander embassy in London, in the United Kingdom.
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Oceania: Micronesia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Marshall Islands | 1996-01-29 | See Foreign relations of Marshall Islands
|
Federated States of Micronesia | No relations | See Foreign relations of Federated States of Micronesia
|
Kiribati | No relations | listed in Oceania: Polynesia due to political reasons |
Nauru | 2011-03-02 | listed in Oceania: Polynesia due to political reasons |
Palau | No relations | See Foreign relations of Palau
|
Oceania: Melanesia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Fiji | 1975-08-15 | See Foreign relations of Fiji
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Papua New Guinea | 1976-05-19 | See Foreign relations of Papua New Guinea
Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' level:
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Vanuatu | See Foreign relations of Vanuatu
|
Oceania: Polynesia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Kiribati | No relations | See Foreign relations of Kiribati
|
Nauru | 2011-03-02 | See Foreign relations of Nauru
|
Samoa | 2006-03-02 | See Foreign relations of Samoa
|
Tonga | No relations | See Foreign relations of Tonga
|
Tuvalu | 2006-05-12 | See Foreign relations of Tuvalu
|
Countries which Romania has no diplomatic relations with
Europe
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Northern Cyprus | See Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus
Romania does not recognizes the independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and considers its territory part of Republic of Cyprus as the Kyrenia District and parts of Famagusta District, Larnaca District and Nicosia District. As a member of the European Union, Romania considers the inhabitants of Northern Cyprus as "the community of Turkish Cypriots". | |
Kosovo | See Foreign relations of Kosovo
Romania does not recognizes the independence of Republic of Kosovo and considers its territory part of Serbia as the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. As a member of the European Union, Romania considers Kosovo an United Nations protectorate, administered by United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo as established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 UN mission assisted by European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo. Even if Romania does not considers Kosovo a state, Romanian authorities recognize Kosovo passport and ID as identification documents, but not as travel documents. To travel into Romania, Kosovar citizens holding a Kosovar passport will get from the Romanian authorities a special visa on a separate document that must be shown, when entering Romania, as attached to the Kosovar passport. Therefore, Romanian authorities admit Kosovar citizens on visit without recognizing the legal status of their documents. | |
Transnistria | See Foreign relations of Transnistria
Romania does not recognizes the independence of Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and considers its territory part of Republic of Moldova as the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Dniester River's Left Bank.
|
Caucasus
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Abkhazia | See Foreign relations of Abkhazia
Romania does not recognizes the independence of Republic of Abkhazia and considers its territory part of Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
| |
Chechnya |
Romania does not recognizes the independence of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria and considers its territory part of Russia as the Chechen Republic. | |
Nagorno-Karabakh | See Foreign relations of Nagorno-Karabakh
Romania does not recognizes the independence of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and considers its territory part of Azerbaijan as Jabrayil Rayon, Kalbajar Rayon, Khankendi Şəhər, Khojali Rayon, Lachin Rayon, Qubadli Rayon, Shusha Rayon, Shusha Şəhər, Zangilan Rayon and parts of Agdam Rayon, Goranboy Rayon, Fuzuli Rayon, Khojavend Rayon, Tartar Rayon.
| |
South Ossetia | See Foreign relations of South Ossetia
Romania does not recognizes the independence of Republic of South Ossetia and considers its territory part of Georgia, as part of the Georgian region Shida Kartli. |
Asia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Bhutan | See Foreign relations of Bhutan
Bhutan's foreign policy is "guided" by neighbouring India, since 1949. Until then, Bhutan's foreign policy was handled by Tibet (until 1860) and by the United Kingdom (between 1865–1947).[39] Nevertheless, Bhutan suffers of a shortage of diplomatic personnel. Romania and Bhutan recognize each other as independent states, but no diplomatic relations have been established yet.
| |
Republic of China (Taiwan) | 1939-07-05 | See Foreign relations of the Republic of China
On October 5, 1949 Communist Romania switched international recognition from the Republic of China to the People's Republic of China (also a Communist state). Now, Romania officially does not recognizes Republic of China as a state and officially considers its territory part of the People's Republic of China as the province of Taiwan. Even so, after the downfall of communism in Romania (in December 1989), relations between Romania and the Republic of China are unofficial, but cordial and warm. Diplomatic relations' level:
Diplomatic relations' timeline:
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Khalistan |
Romania does not recognize the independence of the State of Khalistan and considers its territory part of India and Pakistan as state of Punjab (India) and province of Punjab (Pakistan). | |
South Moluccas |
Romania does not recognize the independence of Republic of South Maluku and considers its territory part of Indonesia as part of the province of Maluku. | |
Tibet |
Romania does not recognize the independence of Tibet and considers its territory as part of People's Republic of China as Tibet Autonomous Region, the province of Qinghai and parts of the provinces of Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan. Further reading: Tibet, Tibet (1912–1951), History of Tibet (1950–present), Central Tibetan Administration, Ü-Tsang, Kham, Amdo. |
Africa
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Ambazonia |
Romania does not recognizes the independence of Federal Republic of Southern Cameroon (Ambazonia) and considers its territory part of Cameroon as the regions of Northwest, Southwest and parts of the regions of Littoral and West. Further reading: Southern Cameroons | |
Anjouan |
Romania does not recognize the independence of the State of Anjouan and considers its territory part of Comoros as the Autonomous Island of Anjouan. | |
Biafra |
Romania does not recognize the independence of the Republic of Biafra and considers its territory part of Nigeria as the states of Abia, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bayelsa, Cross River, Ebonyi, Enugu, Imo and Rivers. | |
Cabinda |
Romania does not recognizes the independence of the Republic of Cabinda and considers its territory part of Angola as the province of Cabinda. | |
Western Sahara | See Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Romania claims neutrality[40] in the Western Sahara issue. So far, Romania did not recognize neither the independence of Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, neither the Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara. Further reading: Free Zone of Western Sahara, Moroccan Wall, Western Sahara War, History of Western Sahara.
| |
Somaliland | See Foreign relations of Somaliland
Romania does not recognize the independence of Republic of Somaliland and considers its territory part of Somalia as the regions of Awdal, Sanaag, Sool, Togdheer and Woqooyi Galbeed.
|
Oceania
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Solomon Islands | 2011-02-01 | See Foreign relations of Solomon Islands
Romania and Solomon Islands recognize each other as independent states, but no diplomatic relations have been established yet. |
West Papua |
Romania does not recognizes the independence of the Republic of West Papua and considers its territory part of Indonesia as the provinces of Papua and West Papua. |
Various nations, territories, separatist movements and governments in exile
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
UNPO members |
Romania has diplomatic relations with states that encompass nations and peoples gathered in UNPO. | |
micronations |
Romania does not recognize the independence of any micronation and does not have diplomatic relations with any of these. | |
separatist movements |
Romania does not recognize any separatist movement and does not have diplomatic relations with any of these organisations. | |
governments in exile |
Romania does not recognize any governments in exile and does not have diplomatic relations with any of these organisations. | |
uncontacted peoples |
Romania does not have relations with any uncontacted people. |
See also
References
- ↑ "Hungarian minority in Romania: Hungary supporting Romania EU bid". January 18, 2005. Retrieved June 17, 2012.
- ↑ http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/All/9C7139024C6BFFBDC22571E1003AC10E/$file/Romania.pdf?OpenElement Cyprus Foreign Ministry: list of bilateral treaties between Cyprus and Romania
- ↑ http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=11857&idlnk=1&cat=3 Romanian Foreign Ministry about relations with Cyprus
- ↑ "AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Republica Cipru". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ↑ "Political and Diplomatic Relations". Romania. Retrieved 2009-07-09.
- ↑ "Bilateral Relations". Lithuania. Retrieved 2009-07-09.
- ↑ http://www.minbuza.nl/binaries/pdf/reizen-en-landen/betrekkingen-met-nederland/roemeni-.pdf Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Romania (in Dutch only)
- ↑ http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=5716&idlnk=1&cat=3 Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Slovakia
- ↑ http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029394365&a=KCountryProfile&aid=1019744931956 British Foreign and Commonwealth Office about relations with Romania
- ↑ http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=11541&idlnk=1&cat=3 Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Switzerland
- ↑ http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/eur/vrou/aforum.html Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Romania
- ↑ Montenegro Foreign Affaires Ministry: Establishment of diplomatic relations between both countries (in Montenegrin)
- ↑ [Reprezentanțele diplomatice ale României, vol. I, 1859–1917, București, 1967, pp. 130–134.
- ↑ Reprezentanțele diplomatice ale României, vol. I, 1859–1917, București, 1967, pp. 130–134.
- ↑ G.G. Florescu, "Agențiile diplomatice de la București și Belgrad (1863–1866)", în Romanoslavica XI/1965, pp. 126–131.
- ↑ A.A. Căpușan, Diplomați români de elită, vol. II, ediția a II-a, București, 2009, p. 13.
- ↑ Sovereign Military Order of Malta has no sovereign territory. It is listed in Europe: Mediterranean microstates due to its extraterritorial headquarters in Rome, Italy and few properties in Italy with extraterritoriality status.
- ↑ http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-political-relations-with-romania.en.mfa Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Romania
- ↑ http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/xos/gjlb/3215/ Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Romania
- ↑ http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070823/1_24607.jsp?menu=m_30_40
- ↑ http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/europe/countries/20070823/1_24607.jsp?menu=m_30_40
- 1 2 "Romanian president arrives in Singapore, 20 February". Rompres. February 20, 2002. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ↑ "Romanian president arrives in Singapore, 20 February". Rompres. February 20, 2002. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
- ↑ "Romania to sign tax agreement with Singapore". AP Worldstream. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
- ↑ "osa signed between romania and singapore". Property-Abroad.com. 2008-11-28. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
- ↑ "ROMANIA COUNTRY COMMERCIAL GUIDE FY2002 – NETWORKS MARKET". U. S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
- ↑ "FORTE BUSINESS SERVICES S.R.L.". Siemens. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
- ↑ "Ministerul Afacerilor Externe". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ↑ "Ministerul Afacerilor Externe". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ↑ Thai embassy in Bucharest
- ↑ http://www.diplomatie.gov.tn/site/index.php?a=article&id=2751 Tunisian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Romania (in French only)
- ↑ Embassy of the Republic of Sudan.
- ↑ "Ministerul Afacerilor Externe". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ↑ http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/romania.html South African Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Romania
- ↑ http://portal.sre.gob.mx/rumania/ Mexican Secretary of Exterior about relations with Romania (in Spanish)
- ↑ http://www.minrel.gov.cl/prc/n-430-Rumania_Febrero_2008.pdf Chilean Foreign Ministry about relations with Romania (in Spanish)
- ↑ "Romania". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ↑ "AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Australia". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ↑ "Bhutan - Foreign Relations". Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ↑ http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Journal/Article.asp?idr=110&id=79716
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