List of Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation

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Plaque in Maidstone, Kent, commemorating those burnt nearby

Protestants were executed under heresy laws during persecutions against Protestant religious reformers for their religious denomination during the reigns of Henry VIII (1509–1547) and Mary I of England (1553–1558). Radical Protestants were also executed during the reigns of Edward VI (1547–1553), Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and James I (1603–1625). The excesses of this period were recorded in Foxe's Book of Martyrs.

Protestants in England and Wales were executed under legislation that punished anyone judged guilty of heresy against Catholicism. Although the standard penalty for those convicted of treason in England at the time was execution by being hanged, drawn and quartered, this legislation adopted the punishment of burning the condemned. At least 300 people were recognised as martyred over the five years of Mary I's reign by contemporary sources.

Protestants executed under Henry VIII

No.	Name	Residence	Description	Date of martyrdom	Place of martyrdom	References
1.	Thomas Hitton	Martham, Norfolk	clergyman – priest	burnt 23 February 1530	Maidstone, Kent	[1]
2.	Thomas Benet	Exeter, Devon	teacher	burnt 15 January 1531	Exeter, Devon	[2]
3.	Thomas Bilney	Taken at Norwich, Norfolk	clergyman – priest	burnt 19 August 1531	Norwich, Norfolk	[3]
4.	Richard Bayfield	Taken at Mark Lane, London	monk – Benedictine (former) and chamberlain of Bury St Edmunds Abbey	burnt 27 November 1531	Smithfield, London	[4]
5.	John Tewkesbury	St Michael-le-Querne Parish, Paternoster Row, London	leatherseller	burnt December 1531	Smithfield, London	[5]
6.	'An old man'	Buckinghamshire		burnt 1531		[6][n 1]
7.	Davy Foster	Yorkshire	poor artificer	burnt 1531		[7][8]
8.	James Bainham	Middle Temple, London	lawyer	burnt 30 April 1532	Smithfield, London	[9]
9.	John Bent	Urchfont, Wiltshire		burnt in or before April 1532	Devizes, Wiltshire	[10]
10.	... Trapnel			burnt in or before April 1532	Bradford, Wiltshire	[10]
11.	Thomas Harding	Chesham, Buckinghamshire	'aged father'	his brains were dashed out with a billet of wood while he was being burnt at the stake, May 1532	Chesham, Buckinghamshire	[11]
12.	John Frith	Westerham, then Sevenoaks, Kent[12] – Taken after he had been preaching at Bow Lane, London	clergyman – canon at Cardinal College, Oxford	burnt 4 July 1533	Smithfield, London	[13]
13.	Andrew Hewet	Watling Street, London (born in Feversham, Kent)	apprentice to a tailor	burnt 4 July 1533	Smithfield, London	[13]
14.–23.	Ten Dutchmen counted for Anabaptists – Segor, Derycke, Symon, Runa, Derycke, Dominicke, Dauid, Cornelius, Elken and Milo			burnt 1535	'sundry places of the realm'	[14][15]
24.	Robert Pakington	Cheapside, London	mercer	murdered 13 November 1536	Cheapside, London	[16]
25.	William Cowbridge	Wantage, Berkshire	clergyman (purported) – 'exercised the office of a priest, in teaching and administering of the sacraments, but being no priest indeed'	burnt after – probably shortly after – 22 July 1538	Oxford, Oxfordshire	[16][17][n 2]
26.	John Lambert	The Stocks – a market for meat and fish in the City of London	clergyman – priest, and teacher of Greek and Latin	burnt 22 November 1538	Smithfield, London	[18]
27.	... Puttedew	Suffolk		burnt in or before 1538	Suffolk	[16]
28.	William Leiton or Leyton	Eye Priory, Eye, Suffolk	monk – Benedictine	burnt in or before 1538	Norwich, Norfolk	[16]
29. -30	Two Anabaptists, a man and a woman	Dutch		burnt 29 November 1538	Smithfield, London	[19]
31.	Giles Germane			burnt 1539	St Giles in the Fields, outside London	[20]
32.	Launcelot ...		servant of the king	burnt 1539	St Giles in the Fields, outside London	[20]
33.	John ...		painter	burnt 1539	St Giles in the Fields, outside London	[20]
34.–36.	Three Anabaptists – ... Mandeville, ... Collins and another			burnt 29 April 1539	Newington Causeway, outside London	[21]
37.	William Collins	London	lawyer and gentleman	burnt 7 July 1540	Smithfield, London or Southwark	[16][17][n 3]
38.	Robert Barnes	Austin Friary, Cambridge (until 1528)	monk – Augustinian	burnt 30 July 1540	Smithfield, London	[22]
39.	Thomas Gerrard (or Gerard, Garret or Garrard)	All Hallows Honey Lane Parish, London	clergyman – rector of All Hallows Honey Lane	burnt 30 July 1540	Smithfield, London	[22]
40.	William Jerome	Stepney, London	clergyman – vicar of St Dunstan's, Stepney	burnt 30 July 1540	Smithfield, London	[22]
41.–42.	Valentine Freese and his wife			burnt 1540	York, Yorkshire	[23][24]
43.	Richard Mekins		'a child that passed not the age of fifteen years'	burnt 30 July 1541		[25][26]
44.	Richard Spenser		clergyman (former) – 'a ... Priest ... who leaving his papistry, had married a wife, and became a player in interludes'	Burnt about 1541/2	Salisbury, Wiltshire	[25][27]
45.	John Ramsey		player in interludes	burnt about 1541/2	Salisbury, Wiltshire	[25][27]
46.	Thomas Bernard			burnt about 1541	Lincoln Diocese	[28][29]
47.	James Morton			burnt about 1541	Lincoln Diocese	[28][30]
48.	Adam Damlip (also known as George Bucker)	Calais	clergyman – former chaplain to Bishop John Fisher	hanged, drawn and quartered 22 May 1543 [31]	Calais	[32]
	The Windsor Martyrs
49.	Robert Testwood	City of London (originally)	musician in the college at Windsor	burnt 28 July 1543	Windsor, Berkshire	[33][34]
50.	Anthony Pearson		clergyman – priest of Windsor; popular preacher	burnt 28 July 1543	Windsor, Berkshire	[33][35]
51.	Henry Filmer		churchwarden of St John the Baptist Church, Windsor	burnt 28 July 1543	Windsor, Berkshire	[33][36]
52.	Unknown man	Calais	poor labouring man	burnt 1540[n 4]	Calais	[32]
53.	... Dodd	Calais – a Scotsman		burnt 1541[n 5]	Calais	[32]
54.	[Forename unknown] ... Henry			burnt 1545 or 1546	Colchester, Essex	[37]
55.	Unknown man		servant of ... Henry	burnt 1545 or 1546	Colchester, Essex	[37]
56.	[Forename unknown] ... Kerby			burnt 1546	Ipswich, Suffolk	[37]
57.	Roger Clarke	Mendlesham, Suffolk		burnt 1546	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[37]
58.	Anne Askew	Stallingborough, Lincolnshire[38]	wife of Master Thomas Kyme, a farmer and landowner of Friskney, Lincolnshire[38]	burnt 16 July 1546	Smithfield, London	[39]
59.	Nicholas Belenian	Shropshire	clergyman – priest	burnt 16 July 1546	Smithfield, London	[40]
60.	John Adams	Colchester, Essex[41]	tailor	burnt 16 July 1546	Smithfield, London	[40]
61.	John Lascelles	Gateford, Nottinghamshire	courtier	burnt 16 July 1546	Smithfield, London	[40]
62.	... Rogers	Norfolk		burnt 1546	Norfolk	[42]
63.	Oliver Richardine	Whitchurch parish		burnt 1546	Hartford West	[43]

Posthumous proceedings

• William Tracy of Toddington, Gloucestershire, 'worshipful esquire', exhumed and burnt, 1532 ^[44]

Those who sickened or died in prison

No.	Name	Residence	Description	Date of death	Place of death	References
1.	Christopher, a Dutchman	Antwerp, Flanders		1531	died in prison at Westminster	[44]
2.	John Porter	Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire and St Sepulchre's, London	tailor	1542	Newgate Prison, London	[28][41]
3.	Thomas Sommers	London	merchant	About 1542	Tower of London,	[28][29]

Radical Protestants executed under Edward VI

No.	Name	Residence	Description	Date of martyrdom	Place of martyrdom	References
1.	Joan Bocher (or Butcher, or as Joan Knell)	Kent (perhaps Romney Marsh)		2 May 1550	Smithfield, London	[45]
2.	George van Paris	Dutchman		1551		[46][47]

Protestants executed under Mary I

No.	Name	Residence	Description	Date of martyrdom	Place of martyrdom	References
1.	John Rogers	City of London	clergyman – preacher, biblical translator, lecturer at St. Paul’s Cathedral	burnt 4 February 1555	Smithfield, London	[48]^:p.113[49]
2.	Lawrence Saunders	City of London	clergyman – preacher, Rector of All Hallows Bread Street, London	burnt 8 February 1555	Coventry, Warwickshire	[48]^:p.98[50]
3.	John Hooper	Gloucester and Worcester	clergyman – Bishop of Gloucester and Worcester under Edward VI	burnt 9 February 1555	Gloucester, Gloucestershire	[48]^:p.98[51]
4.	Rowland Taylor	Hadleigh, Suffolk	clergyman – Rector of Hadleigh, Suffolk	burnt 9 February 1555	Aldham Common, Nr Hadleigh, Suffolk	[48]^:p.98[52]
5.	Rawlins White	Cardiff, Glamorgan	fisherman	burnt March 1555	Cardiff, Glamorgan	[53]
6.	Thomas Tomkins	Shoreditch, London	weaver	burnt 16 March 1555	Smithfield, London	[54]
7.	Thomas Causton	Horndon on the Hill or Thundersby, Essex	gentleman	burnt 26 March 1555	Rayleigh, Essex	[55]
8.	Thomas Higbed	Horndon on the Hill or Thundersby, Essex	gentleman	burnt 26 March 1555	Horndon-on-the-Hill, Essex	[55]
9.	William Hunter	Coleman Street Parish, London	apprentice	burnt 27 March 1555 (or 26 according to Foxe)	Brentwood, Essex	[56]
10.	Stephen Knight		barber	burnt 28 March 1555	Maldon, Essex	[57]
11.	William Pigot (or Pygot)		butcher	burnt 28 March 1555	Braintree, Essex	[57]
12. [n 6]	William Dighel			burnt 28 March 1555	Banbury, Oxfordshire	[58][59]
13.	John Laurence (or Lawrence)		clergyman – priest and former Blackfriar at Sudbury, Suffolk [41]	burnt 29 March 1555	Colchester, Essex	[57]
14.	Robert Ferrar	St David's, Pembrokeshire	clergyman – Bishop of St David's under Edward VI	burnt 30 March 1555	Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire	[60]
15.	George Marsh	Dean, Lancashire	clergyman – curate to Laurence Saunders and minister at Dean, Lancashire	burnt 24 April 1555	Boughton, Cheshire	[61]
16.	William Flower	Lambeth, London	surgeon and teacher	burnt 24 April 1555	Westminster	[62]
17.	John Cardmaker	Wells, Somerset	clergyman – prebendary of Wells Cathedral	burnt 30 May 1555	Smithfield, London	[63]
18.	John Warne[n 7]	Walbrook, London	upholsterer	burnt 30 May 1555	Smithfield, London	[63]
19.	Thomas Haukes (or Hawkes)	Essex	gentleman	burnt 10 June 1555	Coggeshall, Essex	[64][65]
20.	Thomas Watts (or Wattes)	Billericay, Essex	linen draper	burnt 10 June 1555	Chelmsford, Essex	[64][66]
21.	John Ardeley (or Ardite)	Wigborough, Essex	husbandman	burnt 30 May 1555 (or 'about 10 June', according to Foxe)	Rayleigh, Essex	[64][67]
22.	John Simson	Wigborough, Essex	husbandman	burnt 30 May 1555 (or 'about 10 June', according to Foxe)	Rochford, Essex	[64][67]
23.	Nicholas Chamberlain (or Chamberlaine)	Coggeshall, Essex	weaver	burnt 14 June 1555	Colchester, Essex	[64][68]
24.	William Bamford (or Butler)[n 8]	Coggeshall, Essex	weaver	burnt 15 June 1555	Harwich, Essex	[64][68]
25.	Thomas Ormond (or Osmande)[n 9]	Coggeshall, Essex	fuller	burnt 15 June 1555	Manningtree, Essex	[64][68]
26.	John Bradford	City of London	clergyman – prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral	burnt 1 July 1555	Smithfield, London	[64][69][70]
27.	John Leaf (or Jhon Least)	Christ Church Greyfriars, London (born in Kirkby Moorside, Yorkshire)	apprentice tallow chandler	burnt 1 July 1555	Smithfield, London	[64][70][71]
	The Canterbury Martyrs of July 1555
28.	John Bland (or Blande)	Rolvenden, Kent	clergyman – vicar of Rolvenden, Kent	burnt 12 July 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[64][72]
29.	Nicholas Shetterden (or Shitterdun)			burnt 12 July 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[64][73]
30.	John Frankesh	Adisham, Kent	clergyman – parson of Adisham, Kent	burnt 12 July 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[64][n 10][73]
31.	Humphrey Middleton	Ashford, Kent		burnt 12 July 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[64][73]
32.	Nicholas Hall	Dartford, Kent	bricklayer	burnt 19 July 1555	Rochester, Kent	[64][74]
33.	Christopher Wade	Dartford, Kent	linen-weaver	burnt July 1555	Dartford, Kent	[64][74]
34.	Margaret (or Margery) Polley[n 11][75]	Pepeling, Calais[n 12][30]	widow	burnt 17 July 1555	Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent	[74]
35.	Dirick Carver (also spelt Deryk; also known as Dirick Harman)	Brighthelmstone (now Brighton), Sussex	beer-brewer	burnt 22 July 1555,	Lewes, East Sussex	[64][76][77]
36.	John Launder	Godstone, Surrey	husbandman	burnt 23 July 1555	Stenning, West Sussex	[64][77]
37.	Thomas Euerson (or Iueson, Iverson or Iveson)	Godstone, Surrey	carpenter	burnt (day unknown) July 1555	Chichester, West Sussex	[64][76][78]
38.	Richard Hook (or Hooke)[79][80]		lame man [59]	burnt unknown date in July 1555	Chichester, West Sussex	[64][81]
39.	James Abbess	Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk	shoemaker	burnt 2 August 1555	Thetford, Norfolk (or Bury, according to Foxe)	[64][78]
40.	John Denley	Maidstone, Kent	gentleman	burnt 8 August 1555	Uxbridge, Middlesex	[64][81]
41.	Robert Smith	Windsor, Berkshire	clerk at the college in Windsor, Berkshire and painter	burnt 8 August 1555	Uxbridge, Middlesex	[64][82]
	The Canterbury Martyrs of August 1555
42.	William Coker			burnt 23 August 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[64][83]
43.	William Hopper	Cranbrook, Kent[73]		burnt 23 August 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[64][83]
44.	Henry Laurence			burnt 23 August 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[64][83]
45.	Richard Collier (or Colliar)			burnt 23 August 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[64][83]
46.	Richard Wright	Ashford, Kent[73]		burnt 23 August 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[64][83]
47.	William Stere	Ashford, Kent[73]		burnt 23 August 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[64][83]
48.	Elizabeth Warne (or Warren)[n 13]	Walbrook, London	widow of John Warne, upholsterer	burnt 23 August 1555	Stratford-atte-Bow, London	[64][84]
49.	Roger Hues (aliases: Curryer, Corier)	St Mary's, Taunton, Somerset		burnt 24 August 1555	Taunton, Somerset	[59][64][85]
50.	George Tankerfield	London (born in York)	cook	burnt 26 August 1555	St Albans	[64][86]
51.	Patrick Pakingham (aliases: Packingham, Pachingham, Patchingham or Pattenham)			burnt 28 August 1555	Uxbridge, Middlesex	[64][81]
52.	John Newman	Maidstone, Kent	pewterer	burnt 31 August 1555	Saffron Walden, Essex	[64][81]
53.	Robert Samuel (or Samuell)	Barfold, Suffolk	clergyman – minister at Barfold, Suffolk	burnt 31 August 1555	Thetford, Norfolk	[64][87]
54.	Stephen Harwood	Ware, Hertfordshire	brewer	burnt 30 August 1555	Stratford in Essex	[64][88]
55.	Thomas Fust (or Fusse)		hosier,	August 1555	In the environs of London or Ware	[64][88]
56.	William Hale (or Hailes)	Thorpe, Essex,		late August 1555	In the environs of Barnet, London	[64][88]
57.	William Allen	Somerton, Norfolk	labourer	burnt early September 1555	Walsingham, Norfolk	[64][89]
58.	Roger Coe (or Coo or Cooe)	Melford, Suffolk	shearman	burnt date unknown September 1555	Yoxford, Suffolk	[64][89]
59.	Thomas Cob	Haverhill, Suffolk	butcher	burnt date unknown September 1555	Thetford, Norfolk	[64][89]
	The Canterbury Martyrs of September 1555
60.	George Catmer (or Painter)	Hythe, Kent		burnt about 6 September 1555, according to Foxe (or 12 July 1555)	Canterbury, Kent	[43][64][90][91]
61.	Robert Streater (or Streter)	Hythe, Kent		burnt about 6 September 1555, according to Foxe (or 12 July 1555)	Canterbury, Kent	[43][64][90][91]
62.	Anthony Burward	Calete (possibly Calais) [92]		burnt about 6 September 1555, according to Foxe (or 12 July 1555)	Canterbury, Kent	[43][64][90][91]
63.	George Brodbridge (or Bradbridge)	Bromfield, Kent		burnt about 6 September 1555, according to Foxe (or 12 July 1555)	Canterbury, Kent	[43][64][90][91]
64.	James Tutty (or Tuttey)	Brenchley, Kent		burnt about 6 September 1555, according to Foxe (or 12 July 1555)	Canterbury, Kent	[43][64][90][91]
65.	Robert Glover (or Glouer)	Mancetter, Warwickshire	gentleman	burnt 14 September 1555	Coventry, Warwickshire	[64][93]
66.	Cornelius Bongey (or Bungey)		capper	burnt 20 September 1555	Coventry, Warwickshire	[64][94]
67.	Thomas Hayward (or Heywarde)			burnt mid September 1555	Lichfield, Staffordshire	[43][64]
68.	John Goreway	Holy Trinity Parish, Coventry, Warwickshire [41]		burnt mid-September 1555	Lichfield, Staffordshire	[43][64]
69.	William Wolsey		constable, one of the Wisbech Martyrs,	burnt 16 October 1555	Cathedral Green, Ely, Cambridgeshire	[64][95]
70.	Robert Pygot (or Pigot)	Wisbech, Cambridgeshire	painter	burnt 16 October 1555	Cathedral Green, Ely, Cambridgeshire	[64][95]
71.	Hugh Latimer (or Latymer)	Baxterley, Warwickshire [96]	clergyman – chaplain to King Edward VI	burnt 16 October 1555	outside Balliol College, Oxford	[64][97]
72.	Nicholas Ridley	Fulham Palace	clergyman – Bishop of London under Edward VI	burnt 16 October 1555	outside Balliol College, Oxford	[64][97]
	The Canterbury Martyrs of November 1555
73.	John Webbe (or Web)		gentleman	burnt 30 November 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[64][98]
74.	George Roper			burnt 30 November 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[64][98]
75.	Gregory Parke (or Paynter)			burnt 30 November 1555	Canterbury, Kent	[64][98]
76.	John Philpot	Winchester, Hampshire	clergyman – Archdeacon of Winchester	burnt 18 December 1555	Smithfield, London	[64][99]
77.	Thomas Whittle (or Whitwell)	Essex	clergyman – priest or minister	burnt 27 January 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][100]
78.	Bartlett (or Bartholomew) Green	Temple, London – born in Basinghall, London	gentleman and lawyer	burnt 27 January 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][100]
79.	Thomas Brown	St Bride's parish, Fleet Street, London – born in Histon, Cambridgeshire		burnt 27 January 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][100]
80.	John Tudson	St Mary Botolph parish, London – born in Ipswich, Suffolk	artificer	burnt 27 January 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][100]
81.	John Went (or Winter or Hunt)	Langham, Essex	artificer	burnt 27 January 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][100]
82.	Isobella Forster (or Annis Foster)	St Bride's parish, Fleet Street, London – Born in Greystoke, Cumberland	wife of John Foster, cutler	burnt 27 January 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][100]
83.	Joan Lushford (or Jone Lashforde, or Warne)	Little Allhallows parish, Thames Street, London	maid	burnt 27 January 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][100] [n 14]
	The Canterbury Martyrs of 1556
84.	John Lomas (or Jhon Lowmas)	Tenterden, Kent		burnt 31 January 1556	Wincheap, Canterbury	[64][101]
85.	Annes Snoth (or Annis Snod)	Smarden, Kent	widow	burnt 31 January 1556	Wincheap, Canterbury	[64][101]
86.	Anne Wright (or Albright); alias Champnes			burnt 31 January 1556	Wincheap,Canterbury	[64][101]
87.	Joan (or Jone) Soale	Horton, Kent	wife	burnt 31 January 1556	Wincheap, Canterbury	[64][101]
88.	Joan Catmer	Hythe, Kent	'wife (as it should seem) of George Catmer', burnt in 1555	burnt 31 January 1556	Wincheap, Canterbury	[101][n 15][64]
89.	Agnes Potten	Ipswich, Suffolk	wife of Robert Potten	burnt 19 February 1556	Ipswich, Cornhill	[64][n 16][102]
90.	Joan Trunchfield	Ipswich, Suffolk	wife of Michael Trunchfield, a shoemaker	burnt 19 February 1556	Ipswich, Cornhill	[64][n 16][102]
91.	Thomas Cranmer	Lambeth Palace	clergyman – Archbishop of Canterbury (former)	burnt 21 March 1556	outside Balliol College, Oxford	[64][103]
92.	John Maundrel	Beckhampton, Wiltshire – brought up in Rowde, Wiltshire	husbandman	burnt 24 March 1556	outside Salisbury, Wiltshire	[64][n 17][104]
93.	William Coberly	Wiltshire	tailor	burnt 24 March 1556	outside Salisbury, Wiltshire	[64][n 17][104]
94.	John Spicer (or Spencer)	Winston, Suffolk [41]	freemason or bricklayer	burnt 24 March 1556	outside Salisbury, Wiltshire	[64][104]
95.	John Harpole (or Hartpoole)	St Nicholas Parish, Rochester, Kent		burnt 1 April 1556	Rochester, Kent	[64][105]
96.	Joan Beach	Tunbridge Wells, Kent	widow	burnt 1 April 1556	Rochester, Kent	[64][105]
97.	John Hullier (or Hulliarde)	Babraham, Cambridgeshire	clergyman – curate of Babraham, Cambridgeshire	burnt 16 April 1556	Cambridge, Cambridgeshire	[64][106][107]
98.	William Tyms (or Timmes)	Hockley, Essex	clergyman – curate of Hockley, Essex	burnt 24 April 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][108]
99.	Robert Drake	Thundersley, Essex	clergyman – minister or parson of Thundersley, Essex	burnt 24 April 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][108]
100.	Richard Spurge	Bocking, Essex	shearman	burnt 24 April 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][108]
101.	Thomas Spurge	Bocking, Essex	fuller	burnt 24 April 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][108]
102.	George Ambrose	Bocking, Essex	fuller	burnt 24 April 1555	Smithfield, London	[64][108]
103.	John Cavel (or Cauell)	Bocking, Essex	weaver	burnt 24 April 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][108]
	The Colchester martyrs of April 1556
104.	Christopher Lister	Dagenham, Essex	husbandman	burnt 28 April 1556	Colchester, Essex	[64][109]
105.	John Mace	Colchester, Essex	apothecary	burnt 28 April 1556	Colchester, Essex	[64][109]
106.	John Spencer	Colchester, Essex	weaver	burnt 28 April 1556	Colchester, Essex	[64][109]
107.	Simon Joyne		sawyer	burnt 28 April 1556	Colchester, Essex	[109]
108.	Richard Nicol	Colchester, Essex	weaver	burnt 28 April 1556	Colchester, Essex	[64][109]
109.	John Hamond	Colchester, Essex	tanner	burnt 28 April 1556	Colchester, Essex	[64][109]
110.	Hugh Laverock (or Lauarocke)	Barking, Essex	painter, (a lame man)	burnt 15 May 1556	Stratford in Essex	[64][110]
111.	John Apprice (or Aprice)		blind man	burnt 15 May 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow or Stratford in Essex	[64][110]
112.	Thomas Drowry		blind boy	burnt about 15 May 1556	Gloucester, Gloucestershire	[64][n 18][111]
113.	Thomas Croker		bricklayer	burnt about 15 May 1556	Gloucester, Gloucestershire	[64][n 18][111]
114.	Katherine Hut	Bocking, Essex	widow	burnt 16 May 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][110]
115.	Elizabeth Thackvel	Great Burstead, Essex	maid	burnt 16 May 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][110]
116.	Joan (or Jone) Horns	Billericay, Essex	maid	burnt 16 May 1556	Smithfield, London	[64][110]
117.	Thomas Spicer	Winston, Suffolk	labourer	burnt 21 May 1556	Beccles, Suffolk	[64][n 19][112]
118.	John Deny (or Denny) (possibly a female Joan or Jone)	Beccles, Suffolk		burnt 21 May 1556	Beccles, Suffolk	[64][n 19][112]
119.	Edmund Poole	Beccles, Suffolk		burnt 21 May 1556	Beccles, Suffolk	[64][n 19][112]
120.	Thomas Harland	Woodmancote, Sussex	carpenter	burnt 6 June 1556	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][113][114][115]
121.	John Oswald (or Oseward)	Woodmancote, Sussex	husbandman	burnt 6 June 1556	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][113][114][115]
122.	Thomas Reed	Ardingly, Sussex		burnt about 6 June 1556	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][114]
123.[n 20][116]	Thomas Avington (or Euington)	Ardingly, Sussex	turner	burnt about 6 June 1556	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][114][115]
124.	Adam Forster (or Foster)	Mendlesham, Suffolk	husbandman	burnt 17 June 1556	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[117][118]
125.	Robert Lawson	Mendlesham, Suffolk	linen weaver	burnt 17 June 1556	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[117][118]
126.	Thomas Wood		clergyman – pastor	burnt about 20 June 1556	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][114]
127.	Thomas Milles	Hellingly, Sussex		burnt about 20 June 1556	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][114][n 21][115]
128.	Thomas Moor		servant and husbandman	burnt 26 June 1556	Leicester, Leicestershire	[79][n 22][64][114][29]
	The Stratford Martyrs, 11 men and 2 women.
129.	Henry Adlington (or Addlinton)	Grinstead, Sussex	sawyer	burnt about 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[64][119]
130.	Lawrence (or Laurence) Parnam	Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire	smith	burnt about 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[64][119]
131.	Henry Wye	Stanford-le-Hope, Essex	brewer	burnt about 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[64][119]
132.	William Holywell (or Hallywell)	Waltham Holy Cross, Essex,	smith	burnt about 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[64][119]
133.	Thomas Bowyer (or Bowier)	Great Dunmow, Essex	weaver	burnt about 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[64][119]
134.	George Searle	White Notley, Essex	tailor	burnt about 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[64][119]
135.	Edmond Hurst	St James's Parish, Colchester	labourer	burnt about 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[64][119]
136.	Lion/Lyon Cawch	City of London	merchant/broker	burnt about 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[64][119]
137.	Ralph Jackson	Chipping Ongar, Essex,	serving-man	burnt about 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[64][119]
138.	John Derifall (or Dorifall)	Rettendon, Essex	labourer	burnt about 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[64][119]
139.	John Routh/Roth	Wickes, Essex	labourer	burnt about 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[64][119]
140.	Elizabeth Pepper	St James's parish, Colchester	wife of Thomas Pepper, weaver	burnt about 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[64][n 23][119]
141.	Agnes George	West Barefold, Essex	wife of Richard George, husbandman	burnt about 27 June 1556	Stratford-Atte-Bow	[64][n 23][119][n 24][120]
142.	Roger Bernard	Framsden, Suffolk	labourer	burnt 30 June 1556	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[117][118]
143.	Julian Palmer	Reading, Berkshire	schoolmaster	burnt about 15 July 1556	'The Sand-pits', Nr Newbury, Berkshire	[64][121]
144.	John Guin/Jhon Gwin		shoemaker [59]	burnt about 15 July 1556	'The Sand-pits', Nr Newbury, Berkshire	[64][121]
145.	Thomas Askin/Askue			burnt about 15 July 1556	'The Sand-pits', Nr Newbury, Berkshire	[64][121]
	The Guernsey Martyrs – (Three women and one unborn male foetus)
146.	Catherine Cauchés (sometimes spelt Katherine Cawches)	St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands		burnt 18 July 1556	St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands	[122]
147.	Perotine Massey (pregnant)	St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands		burnt 18 July 1556	St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands	[122]
148.	Guillemine Gilbert	St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands		burnt 18 July 1556	St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands	[122]
149.	Thomas Dungate (or Dougate)	East Grinstead, Sussex		burnt 18 July 1556	Grinstead, Sussex	[64][79][115][123]
150.	John Forman (or Foreman)	East Grinstead, Sussex		burnt 18 July 1556	Grinstead, Sussex	[64][79][115][123]
151.	Anne Tree (or Try)	East Grinstead, Sussex		burnt 18 July 1556	Grinstead, Sussex	[64][79][115][123]
152.	Joan Waste	All Hallows', Derby, Derbyshire	blind woman	burnt 1 August 1556	Derby, Derbyshire	[79]
153.	Edward Sharp		glover (possibly)[59]	burnt early September 1556	Bristol, Gloucestershire/Somerset	[79]
154.	Rose Pencell			burnt 17 October 1555	Bristol	[124]
155.	William Shapton		weaver	burnt 17 October 1555	Bristol	[124]
156.	John Kurde	Syresham, Northamptonshire	shoemaker	burnt October 1556 or 20 September 1557	Northampton, Northamptonshire	[79][125]
157.	John Noyes	Laxfield, Suffolk	shoemaker	burnt 22 September 1556 or 1557		[126]
158.	Thomas Ravensdale			burnt 24 September 1556	Mayfield, Sussex	[79][115]
159.	John Hart			burnt 24 September 1556	Mayfield, Sussex	[79][115]
160.	Unknown man		shoemaker	burnt 24 September 1556	Mayfield, Sussex	[79]
161.	Unknown man		currier	burnt 24 September 1556	Mayfield, Sussex	[79]
162.	Nicholas Holden	Withyham, Sussex	weaver	burnt 24 September 1556	Mayfield, Sussex	[59][115]
163.	Unknown man		carpenter	burnt 25 September 1556	Bristol, Gloucestershire/Somerset	[79]
164.	John Horn			burnt late September 1556	Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire	[79][127][n 25][128]
165.	John Phillpott	Tenterden, Kent		burnt 16 January 1557	Wye, Ashford, Kent	[64][n 26][129]
166.	Thomas Stephens	Biddenden, Kent		burnt 16 January 1557	Wye, Ashford, Kent	[64][n 26][129]
	The Canterbury Martyrs of January 1557
167.	Stephen Kempe	Norgate, Kent		burnt 15 January 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[129]
168.	William Waterer	Biddenden, Kent		burnt 15 January 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[129]
169.	William Prowting	Thurnham, Kent		burnt 15 January 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[129]
170.	William Lowick	Cranbrook, Kent		burnt 15 January 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[129]
171.	Thomas Hudson	Selling, Kent		burnt 15 January 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[129]
172.	William Hay	Hythe, Kent		burnt 15 January 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[129]
173.	Nicholas Final	Tenterden, Kent		burnt 16 January 1557	Ashford, Kent	[64][n 27][129]
174.	Martin Bradbridge	Tenterden, Kent		burnt 16 January 1557	Ashford, Kent	[64][n 27][130]
175.	William Carman (or Carmen)[n 28]			burnt day and month unknown 1557		[131]
176.	Thomas Loseby			burnt 12 April 1557	Smithfield, London	[64][132][n 29]
177.	Henry Ramsey			burnt 12 April 1557	Smithfield, London	[64][132]
178.	Thomas Thyrtell (or Sturtle)			burnt 12 April 1557	Smithfield, London	[64][132]
179.	Margaret Hyde			burnt 12 April 1557	Smithfield, London	[64][132][n 30]
180.	Agnes Stanley (or Stanlye)			burnt 12 April 1557	Smithfield, London	[64][132][133]
181.	Richard Sharpe		weaver	burnt 7 May 1557	Cotham, Bristol	[134]
182.	Thomas Hale		shoemaker	burnt 7 May 1557	Cotham, Bristol	[134]
183.	Stephen Gratwick (or Steuen Grathwick)	Brighthelmstone (now Brighton), Sussex		burnt at end of May 1557	St. George's Fields, Southwark, Surrey	[64][135]^:p.272[136]
184.	William Morant			burnt at end of May 1557	St. George's Fields, Southwark, Surrey	[64][135]^:p. 272[136]
185.	Thomas King[59]			burnt at end of May 1557	St. George's Fields, Southwark, Surrey	[64][n 31][135]^:p.272[136]
	The Maidstone martyrs
186.	Joan (or Jone) Bradbridge	Staplehurst, Kent	Presumably a relative of Widow Bradbridge, burnt 19 June 1557[137]	burnt 18 June 1557	Maidstone, Kent	[64][138]
187.	Walter Appleby	Maidstone, Kent		burnt 18 June 1557	Maidstone, Kent	[64][138]
188.	Petronil Appleby	Maidstone, Kent	wife of Walter Appleby	burnt 18 June 1557	Maidstone, Kent	[64][138]
189.	Edmund Allin (or Allen)	Maplehurst Mill, Frittenden, Kent	miller	burnt 18 June 1557	Maidstone, Kent	[64][138]
190.	Katherine Allin (or Allen)	Maplehurst Mill, Frittenden, Kent	Wife of Edmund Allin/Allen, miller	burnt 18 June 1557	Maidstone, Kent	[64][138]
191.	Joan (or Jone) Manning	Maidstone, Kent		burnt 18 June 1557	Maidstone, Kent	[64][138]
192.	Elizabeth (surname possibly 'Lewis')		blind maid	burnt 18 June 1557	Maidstone, Kent	[64][138]
	The Canterbury martyrs of June 1557
193.	John Fishcock/Jhon Fiscoke			burnt 19 June 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[64][138]
194.	Nicholas White			burnt 19 June 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[64][138]
195.	Nicholas Pardue/Perdue			burnt 19 June 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[64][138]
196.	Barbara Final			burnt 19 June 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[64][138]
197.	Bradbridge's Widow (Bradbridge's Wife)	Probably Tenterden, Kent	Probably the widow of Martin Bradbridge, burnt 16 January 1557	burnt 19 June 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[138]
198.	Mistress Wilson (also referred to as 'Wilson's Wife')			burnt 19 June 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[64][138]
199.	Alice Benden, possibly also referred to as 'Benson's Wife'	Staplehurst (or possibly Cranbrook), Kent[139]		burnt 19 June 1557	Canterbury, Kent	[64][138]
	The Lewes Martyrs
200.	Richard Woodman	Warbleton, Sussex	iron-maker	burnt 22 June 1557	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][140]
201.	George Stevens (or Steuens)	Warbleton, Sussex		burnt 22 June 1557	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][140]
202.	William Mainard	Mayfield, Sussex		burnt 22 June 1557	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][140]
203.	Alexander Hosman	Mayfield, Sussex	servant of William Mainard	burnt 22 June 1557	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][140]
204.	Thomasina Wood	Mayfield, Sussex	maidservant of William Mainard	burnt 22 June 1557	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][140]
205.	Margery Morris (or Morice)	Heathfield, Sussex		burnt 22 June 1557	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][115][140]
206.	James Morris (or Morice) – son of Margery	Heathfield, Sussex		burnt 22 June 1557	Lewes, Sussex	[64][115][140]
207.	Denis Burcis (or Burgis)	Buxted, Sussex		burnt 22 June 1557	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][115][140]
208.	Ann Ashdon (or Ashdown; also referred to as 'Ashdon's Wife')	Rotherfield, Sussex		burnt 22 June 1557	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][140]
209.	Mary Groves (also referred to as 'Gloue's Wife')	Lewes, Sussex		burnt 22 June 1557	Lewes, Sussex	[64][76][140][n 32][115][141]
210.	Simon Miller (or Milner)	Lynn, Norfolk		burnt 13 July 1557	Norwich, Norfolk	[64][142]
211.	Elizabeth Cooper	St Andrew's Church, Norwich, Norfolk	wife of a pewterer	burnt 13 July 1557	Norwich, Norfolk	[64](which calls her 'a woman')[142]
212.	George Egles/Eagles			hung, drawn & quartered, August 1557	Chelmsford, Essex	[64][143]
	The Colchester Martyrs of August 1557
213.	William Bongeor	St Nicholas Parish, Colchester, Essex	glazier	burnt 2 August 1557	Colchester, Essex	[144]
214.	William Purchase (or Purcas)	Bocking, Essex	fuller	burnt 2 August 1557	Colchester, Essex	[144]
215.	Thomas Benhote (or Benold)	Colchester, Essex	tallow-chandler	burnt 2 August 1557	Colchester, Essex	[144]
216.	Agnes Silverside (or Smith)	Colchester, Essex	widow	burnt 2 August 1557	Colchester, Essex	[144]
217.	Helen (or Ellen) Ewring	Colchester, Essex	wife of John Ewring, miller	burnt 2 August 1557	Colchester, Essex	[144]
218.	Elizabeth Folk	Colchester, Essex	'young maiden' and servant	burnt 2 August 1557	Colchester, Essex	[144]
219.	William Munt (or Mount)	Much Bentley, Essex		burnt 2 August 1557	Colchester, Essex	[144]
220.	Alice Munt (or Mount)	Much Bentley, Essex	wife of William Munt (or Mount)	burnt 2 August 1557	Colchester, Essex	[144]
221.	Rose Allen (or Allin)	Much Bentley, Essex	spinster, daughter of Alice Mount	burnt 2 August 1557	Colchester, Essex	[144]
222.	John Johnson	Thorpe, Essex	labourer	burnt 2 August 1557	Colchester, Essex	[144]
223.	Richard Crashfield	Wymondham, Norfolk		burnt 5 August 1557	Norwich, Norfolk	[64] which records 'one at Norwich' in July[145]
224.	Father Fruier			burnt August 1557	Rochester, Kent	[64][143]
225.	Robert Stevenson			burnt August 1557	Rochester, Kent	[146]
226.	Sister of George Eagles			burnt August 1557	Rochester, Kent	[64][143]
227.	Unknown Woman			burnt August 1557	Rochester, Kent	[64]
228.	Thomas Benion		weaver	burnt 27 August 1557	Bristol	[134]
229.	Joyce Lewis	Mancetter, Warwickshire	gentlewoman	burnt September 1557	Lichfield, Staffordshire	[147][148] – may be the same as Joyce Bowes, August 1557 (the Regester)
230.	Ralph Allerton/Rafe Glaiton	Much Bentley, Essex		burnt 17 September 1557	Islington	[64][149]
231.	James Austoo (or Auscoo)			burnt 17 September 1557	Islington	[64][149]
232.	Margery Austoo (or Auscoo)			burnt 17 September 1557	Islington	[64][149]
233.	Richard Roth (or Rooth)			burnt 17 September 1557	Islington	[64][149]
234.	Agnes Bongeor (also known as Bowmer's Wife), wife of Richard Bongeor (similar name but different death date)			burnt 17 September (or unknown date July)	Colchester, Essex	[125] (or March 1558, Colchester)[64]
235.	Margaret Thurston/Widow Thurston-similar name but different death date)			burnt 17 September (or unknown date July)	Colchester, Essex	[125](or March 1558, Colchester) [64]
236.	Cicely Ormes	St Edmund's Parish, Norwich, Norfolk	wife of Edmund Ormes, worsted-weaver	burnt 23 September 1557	Norwich, Norfolk	[150][151][152]
237.	Thomas Spurdance		servant of the Queen	burnt November 1557	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[151][153]
238.	John Halingdale/Hallingdale/Hollingday		carpenter[59]	burnt, 18 November/or day unknown October 1557,	Smithfield, London	[64][151][154]
239.	William Sparrow			burnt, 18 November/or day unknown October 1557	Smithfield, London	[64][151][154]
240.	Richard Gibson		gentleman[59]	burnt, 18 November/or day unknown October 1557	Smithfield, London	[64][151][154]
241.	John Rough/Jhon Roughe	London/Islington, Middlesex	clergyman – minister at London/Islington, Middlesex	burnt 22 December 1557	Smithfield, London	[64][155]
242.	Margaret Maring (or Mering)			burnt 22 December 1557	Smithfield, London	[64][155]
243.	[Unknown forename ...] Lawton			burnt March 1558	Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire	[59]
244.[n 33]	Cuthbert Symson/Symion	London/Islington, Middlesex	clergyman – deacon of the church in London/Islington, Middlesex	died 28 March 1558	Smithfield, London	[64][156]
245.	Hugh Foxe		hosier[59]	died 28 March 1558	Smithfield, London	[64][156]
246.	John Devinish/Jhon Denneshe		wool winder[59]	died 28 March 1558	Smithfield, London	[64][156]
247.	William Nichol			burnt 9 April 1558	SM9515 Haverfordwest/Hwlffordd, Pembrokeshire/Sir Benfro	[64][157][158]
248.	William Seaman (or Symon)	Mendlesham, Suffolk	husbandman	burnt 19 May 1558	Norwich, Norfolk	[64][159]
249.	Thomas Hudson	Aylsham, Norfolk	glover	burnt 19 May 1558	Norwich, Norfolk	[159] described as 'Glouer' in [64]
250.	Thomas Carman[n 28]			burnt 19 May 1558	Norwich, Norfolk	[64][159]
251.	William Harris			burnt 26 May 1558	Colchester	[64][120]
252.	Richard Day			burnt 26 May 1558	Colchester, Essex	[64][120]
253.	Christian George (female)			burnt 26 May 1558	Colchester, Essex	her husband had previously been married to Agnes George, mentioned above[64][120]
	The Islington Martyrs[160]
254.	Henry Pond (or Houde)			burnt 27 June 1558	Smithfield, London	[64][160]
255.	Reinald Eastland (or Launder)			burnt 27 June 1558	Smithfield, London	[64][160]
256.	Robert Southain (or Southam)			burnt 27 June 1558	Smithfield, London	[64][160]
257.	Matthew Ricarby (or Ricarbie)			burnt 27 June 1558	Smithfield, London	[64][160]
258.	John Floyd (or Flood)			burnt 27 June 1558	Smithfield, London	[64][160]
259.	John Holiday (or Hollyday)			burnt 27 June 1558	Smithfield, London	[64][160]
260.	Roger Holland	London (taken in or near St John's Wood)	merchant tailor	burnt 27 June 1558	Smithfield, London	[64][160]
261.	Sir Richard Yeoman (or Yeman)	Hadleigh, Suffolk	clergyman – curate of Hadleigh, Suffolk	burnt 10 July 1558	Norwich, Norfolk	[64][161][162]
	The Islington Martyrs (second group)[160]
262.	Robert Mills			burnt 14 July 1558	Brentford, Middlesex	[160]
263.	Stephen Cotton			burnt 14 July 1558	Brentford, Middlesex	[64][160]
264.	Robert Dynes			burnt 14 July 1558	Brentford, Middlesex	[160]
265.	Stephen Wight (or Wreight)			burnt 14 July 1558	Brentford, Middlesex	[64][160]
266.	John Slade			burnt 14 July 1558	Brentford, Middlesex	[64][160]
267.	William Pikes (aliases: Pikas, Peckes)		tanner	burnt 14 July 1558	Brentford, Middlesex	[64][160]
268.	John Cooke		sawyer	burnt about 25 July 1558	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[163]
269.	Robert Milles (or Plummer)		shearman	burnt about 25 July 1558	Bury St Edmunds	[163]
270.	Alexander Lane		wheelwright	burnt about 25 July 1558	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[163]
271.	James Ashley		bachelor	burnt about 25 July 1558	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[163]
272.	Thomas Benbrike/Benbridge		gentleman	burnt unknown day in July 1558	Winchester, Hampshire	[64][164]
273.	John (or Richard) Snell	Bedale, Yorkshire		burnt 9 September 1558	Richmond, Yorkshire	[165]
274.	Alexander Gooch (or Geche, or Gouch)	Woodbridge or Melton, Suffolk	weaver of shredding-coverlets	burnt 4 November 1558	Ipswich Cornhill	[64][166]
275.[n 34]	Alice Driver	Grundisburgh, Suffolk	wife of a husbandman	burnt 4 November 1558	Ipswich Cornhill	[166]
276.	Philip Humphrey (or Humfrey)			burnt November 1558	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[167]
277.	John David/Jhon Dauy (brother of Henry David)			burnt November 1558	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[167]
278.	Henry David/H. Dauy (brother of John David)			burnt November 1558	Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk	[167]
279.	Agnes Prest	Launceston, Cornwall		burnt 15 August 1557	Southernhay, Exeter, Devon,	[168]
280.	John Corneford	Wrotham, Kent		burnt 15 November 1558	Canterbury, Kent	[169]
281.	Christopher Brown	Maidstone, Kent		burnt 15 November 1558	Canterbury	[169]
282.	John Herst	Ashford, Kent		burnt 15 November 1558	Canterbury, Kent	[169]
283.	Alice Snoth			burnt 15 November 1558	Canterbury, Kent	[169]
284.	Katherine Knight/Tynley		an aged woman	burnt 15 November 1558	Canterbury	[169]

Note: Mary I died on 17 November 1558.

Also mentioned by Foxe

• John Fortune (or Cutler) (of Hintlesham, Suffolk, blacksmith, either burnt or died in prison) ^[170]
• John Warner of Bourne^[41][115]
• Thomas Athoth, priest ^[115]'he may have died in prison, escaped or – less likely – been pardoned.'^[171]
• John Ashedon of Catsfield^[115][172]

Posthumous proceedings

• John Tooley, poulterer, exhumed and burnt, 4 June 1555 ^[173]
• James Trevisam, died 3 July 1555 and summoned posthumously to appear before the bishop^[174]
• Catherine, wife of Peter Martyr Vermigli, exhumed 1556, Cambridge^[175]
• Martin Bucer, Professor of Divinity, exhumed and burnt 6 February 1557, Cambridge^[175][176]
• Paul Fagius, Lecturer in Hebrew, exhumed and burnt 6 February 1557, Cambridge^[175][176]
• Joan Seaman, early 1558, refused burial at Mendlesham^[155]
• John Glover, gentleman, 'about the latter end of Queen Mary', ordered to be exhumed^[93]
• William Glover, September 1558, refused burial at Wem, Shropshire^[93]
• Edward Burton, 15 January 1559, refused burial at Shrewsbury^[93]

Those who sickened or died in prison

No.	Name	Residence	Description	Date of death	Place of death	References
1C.	John Alcock (or Awcock)	Hadleigh, Suffolk	shearman	2 April 1555	Newgate Prison, London	[177][178]
2.	William Minge		clergyman – priest	2 July 1555	Maidstone Prison, Kent	[64][174]
3.	John Aleworth			July 1555	Reading Prison, Berkshire	[n 35][78]
4.	... Tingle			September 1555	Newgate Prison, London	[64][179]
5.[n 36][180]	George Kyng (or King)			September 1555	sickened in Lollard's Tower	[64][88][180]
6.	Jhon Lesse			September 1555	Newgate Prison, London	[64][n 37][88]
7.	John Wade			September 1555	sickened in Lollard's Tower	[88]
8.	William Androwes (or Andrew, or Andrews)	Horsley, Essex	carpenter	September 1555	Newgate Prison, London	[64][88]
9.	James Gore			7 December 1555	Colchester Prison, Essex	[64][98]
10.	William Wiseman		clothworker	13 December 1555,	Lowlar's Tower/Lollard's Tower, Lambeth Palace, London	[64][98]
11.	Margaret Eliot (or Ellis)	Billericay, Essex	maid	May 1556	Newgate Prison, London	[64][110]
12.	William Sleeke (or Slech)			31 May 1556	'King's Bench' Southwark, Surrey	[64][114]
13.	William Adheral		minister	24 June 1556	'King's Bench' Southwark, Surrey	[64][114]
14.	John Clemente		wheelwright	26 June 1556	'King's Bench', Southwark, Surrey	[64][114]
15.	Thomas Parret			27 June 1556	'King's Bench', Southwark, Surrey	[64][118]
16.	Martyne Hunte			29 June 1556	'King's Bench', Southwark, Surrey	[64][118]
17.	John Morris (or Morice)			29 June 1556	'King's Bench', Southwark, Surrey	[117][118]
18.	John Careless	Coventry, Warwickshire	weaver	1 July 1556	'King's Bench', Southwark, Surrey	[64][181]
19.–21.	William Dangerfield, his wife Joan and their infant child				sickened in prison	[79]
22.–24.	Three people			October 1556	Chichester Castle, Sussex (or Canterbury Castle, Kent, according to Knox)	[59][79]
25.	John Clark			in or after November 1556	Canterbury Castle, Kent	[79]
26.	Dunston Chittenden			in or after November 1556	Canterbury Castle, Kent	[79]
27.	William Foster	Stone, Kent		in or after November 1556	Canterbury Castle, Kent	[79]
28.	Alice Potkins	Staplehurst, Kent		in or after November 1556	Canterbury Castle, Kent	[79]
29.	John Archer	Cranbrook, Kent		in or after November 1556	Canterbury Castle	[79]
30.	John Thurston	taken at Much Bentley, Essex		May 1557	Colchester Castle, Essex	[144]
31.	N. Ambrose			about June 1557 (according to Foxe), or July 1557 (according to Farr)	Maidstone Prison, Kent	[64][117][182]
32.	John Dale	Hadleigh, Suffolk	weaver		Bury St Edmunds Prison	[64][162]
33.	Matthew Withers (or Wythers)			June 1558	Newgate Prison, London	[64][160]
34.	Thomas Tyler			June 1558	Newgate Prison, London	[64][160]

Radical Protestants executed under Elizabeth I

No.	Name	Residence	Description	Date of martyrdom	Place of martyrdom	References
1.	Jan Wielmacker[n 38]	Dutchman – member of a conventicle in Aldgate, London		22 July 1575	Smithfield, London	[183]
2.	Hendrik Ter Woort[n 38]	Dutchman – member of a conventicle in Aldgate, London		22 July 1575	Smithfield, London	[183]
3.	Matthew Hamont[n 39]	Hethersett, Norfolk	ploughwright	20 May 1579	Norwich Castle	[184]
4.	John Lewes[n 39]			18 September 1583	Norwich, Norfolk	[184]
5.	Peter Cole[n 39]	Ipswich, Suffolk	tanner	1587	Norwich	[184]
6.	Francis Kett[n 39]	Wymondham, Norfolk	clergyman and physician	14 January 1589	Norwich Castle	[185]

Radical Protestants executed under James I

No.	Name	Residence	Description	Date of martyrdom	Place of martyrdom	References
1.	Bartholomew Legate[n 40]	Hornchurch, Essex	cloth trader	18 March 1612	Smithfield, London	[186]
2.	Edward Wightman[n 38]	Burton-upon-Trent, Staffordshire	mercer and minister	11 April 1612	Lichfield, Staffordshire	[187]

Historical context

The English Reformation had put a stop to Catholic ecclesiastical governance in England, asserted royal supremacy over the English Church and dissolved some church institutions, such as monasteries and chantries.

An important year in the English Reformation was 1547, when Protestantism became a new force under the child-king Edward VI, England's first Protestant ruler. Edward died at age 15 in 1553. Lady Jane Grey tried to succeed as Queen for nine days before Edward's Catholic half-sister Mary deposed her and assumed the crown, as was stipulated by Henry VIII in his Third Succession Act but revoked by Edward VI.^[188]:p62

The relationship between the English church and Rome was restored under Mary in 1553. She went on to reign for five years (1553–1558) until her death. Protestants opposed Mary's actions. Many people were exiled, and hundreds of dissenters were burned at the stake, earning her the nickname "Bloody Mary".^[189] The number of people executed for their faith during the persecutions is thought to be at least 287.^[190]

Troubles for Protestants

After the accession of Queen Mary I to the English throne in 1553, and her repeal of all religious legislation passed under Edward VI, Protestants faced a choice: exile, reconciliation/conversion, or punishment.^[191]:p.186 Mary had some 284 Protestants burned at the stake (including 56 women). Thirty others died in prison.^[48]:p.79 While the so-called "Marian Persecutions" began with four clergymen,^[191]:p.196 relics of Edwardian England’s Protestantism, Foxe’s Book of Martyrs offers an account of the executions, which branched well beyond the anticipated targets – high-level clergy. Tradesmen were also burned, as well as married men and women, sometimes in unison, "youths" and at least one couple was burned alive with their daughter.^[191]:p.196

English Inquisition and the judicial process

However bloody the end, the trials of Protestant heretics were judicial affairs, presided by Bishops (most notably Bishop Bonner) adhering to a strict legal protocol under the privy council, with Parliament's blessing.^[191]:p.195 Mary had difficulty forming an efficient Privy Council, which eventually numbered over 40 and never worked as a source of political advice, though it effectively pursued police work and enforcement of religious uniformity.^[188]:p62-65 During the session that restored the realm to papal obedience parliament reinstated the heresy laws.^[191]:p.196 From 20 January 1555, England could legally punish those judged guilty of heresy against the Catholic faith.^[48]:p.91

Thus it became a matter of establishing the guilt or innocence of an accused heretic in open court – a process which the lay authorities employed to reclaim "straying sheep" and to set a precedent for authentic Catholic teaching.^[48]:p.102 If found guilty, the accused were first excommunicated, then handed over to the secular authorities for execution.^[48]:p.102 The official records of the trials are limited to formal accusations, sentences, and so forth; the documents to which historians look for context and detail are those written by the accused or their supporters.^[48]:p.102

Cathedrals in operation

England

• Canterbury Cathedral c.600 AD
• Carlisle Cathedral (in various forms) 1092 AD
• Chester Cathedral (in various forms) 875 AD
• Chichester Cathedral 1080 AD
• Durham Cathedral 997 AD
• Ely Cathedral 1109 AD
• Exeter Cathedral 1050 AD
• Gloucester Cathedral 1541 AD
• Hereford Cathedral 676 AD
• Lichfield Cathedral 669-803, 1048 AD
• Lincoln Cathedral 1070 AD
• Norwich Cathedral 1094 AD (31 victims of Michael Dunning, the "bloody chancellor" of Norwich died from 1555 to 1558)
• Oxford Cathedral (in various forms) 727 AD
• Rochester Cathedral (in various forms) 604 AD
• Salisbury Cathedral 1227 AD
• Southwark Cathedral (in various forms) 1106 AD
• Wells Cathedral 1239 AD
• Westminster Abbey (The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster) 1080 AD
• Winchester Cathedral 650 AD
• Worcester Cathedral 743 AD
• York Minster 300 AD

Wales

• Bangor Cathedral – Church of St Deiniol, (in various forms) 1092 AD
• Brecon Cathedral – Cathedral Church of St John the Evangelist, (in various forms) 1093/1110-1538 AD
• Llandaff Cathedral – Cathedral Church of St Peter and St Paul (in various forms) 550 AD
• St Asaph Cathedral (in various forms) 553 AD
• St Davids Cathedral (in various forms) 580 AD

John Rogers's execution

Before Mary's ascent to the throne, John Foxe, one of the few clerics of his day who was against the burning of even obstinate heretics, had approached John Rogers to intervene on behalf of Joan of Kent, a female Anabaptist who was sentenced to burning in 1550.^[191]:p.193 Rogers, a Protestant preacher and royal chaplain, refused to help, as he supported the burning of heretics. Rogers claimed that the method of execution was "sufficiently mild" for a crime as grave as heresy.^[48]:p.87 Later, after Mary I came to power and converted England to Catholicism, John Rogers spoke quite vehemently against the new order and was burnt as a heretic.^[48]:p.97

Observations

The figure of 300 victims of the Marian Persecutions was listed by Foxe^[156] and later by Thomas Brice in his poem, "The Regester".^[64]

Legacy

Throughout the course of the persecutions, Foxe lists 312 individuals who were burnt or hanged for their faith, or died or sickened in prison. Lists of these names are available here ^{[n 41]} and here.^{[n 42]} Three of these people are commemorated with a gothic memorial in Oxford, England but there are many other memorials across England.^[192] They are known locally as the "Marian Martyrs".

See also

• Marian exiles
• Martyrs' Memorial
• Foxe's Book of Martyrs
• Religion in the United Kingdom
• Oxford Martyrs
• List of people executed in Smithfield
• Coventry Martyrs

Notes

1. 'Foxe has a terse report in the Rerum of an old man of Buckingham- shire being executed in 1531 for eating pork during Lent (Rerum, p. 126). Foxe's source for this episode is unknown; Bale does not mention this old man in any of his works. Perhaps Laurence Humphrey, who was Foxe's friend, a native of Buckinghamshire, and who was with Foxe in Basel, was the source for this story. In any case, the Rerum account was translated word-for-word in the 1563 edition. The story was dropped from all subsequent editions, possibly because Foxe grew unsure of this individual's existence or at least of his ability to prove it.' Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
2. Foxe describes him as being 'mad and beside his right senses ... and destitute of sense and reason'. The Critical Apparatus to Foxe's Book of Martyrs lists a number of unorthodox beliefs which he held.
3. Foxe describes him as being 'mad ... ravished of his wits ... beside his wits'.
4. Six months before the execution of Robert Harvey for treason in Spring 1541 Harvey#C241.56 Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Critical Apparatus
5. 'within the space of a year, or thereabout, after' the previous man
6. The 1563 edition of Foxe's Book of Martyrs records that William Dighel was burned at about the same time as Nicholas Sheterden. However, this information is not repeated in subsequent editions of Foxe's work. "Was his omission in subsequent editions due to an accident in the print shop or did Foxe come to doubt his information on Dighel?"
7. husband of Elizabeth Warne, burnt in August 1555
8. May be the same as ... Butter, burnt (day unknown) June 1555, Location unknown (the Regester)
9. Buried in St. Michaels & All Angels Marble placed in 1748
10. which calls him 'Sir Franke'
11. The same as Jone Polley, burnt (day unknown) July 1555, Location unknown (the Regester)
12. Foxe erred in stating that Polley came from Pepenbury; see PRO C/85/144/33r.
13. widow of John Warne, burnt in May 1555
14. which says that 'Joan Lashford ... was the daughter of one Robert Lashford ..., and of ... Elizabeth, who afterward was married to John Warne'
15. may be the same as Jone Painter (the Regester)
16. which refers to 'two women in Ippeswiche towne'
17. which refers to 'two brethren more'
18. which refers to 'two at Glocester'
19. which refers to 'two men and a syster dere'
20. 'The Regester' states that a person called 'Milwright' was burnt along with Harland, Oswald, Reed and Avington. However, this person is not mentioned in Foxe's Book of Martyrs, although he does appear in
21. may be the same as John Milles
22. the same as 'A merchant's servant burned at Leicester' and the same as 'the yong man at Lecester'
23. which refers to "two women"
24. her husband then married Christian George, mentioned below
25. May be an error for Edward Horne, burnt at Newent, Gloucestershire in September 1558. Foxe states that a woman was burnt with Horne. However, the Critical Apparatus quotes a letter from Foxe's papers stating that 'Edward Horne's wife was condemned with him but she recanted and her life was spared'
26. which refers to 'two at Wye'
27. which refers to 'two at Asheforde'. A number of Kentish people of Ashford Area are recorded as having been burnt 16 January 1556 at Ashford, Kent in Ashford Borough Council – Parks and Open Spaces. However, at this time the civil or legal year in England began on 25 March, so the date now known as 16 January 1557 would then have been recorded as 16 January 1556.
28. William Carman burnt unknown month 1557 and Thomas Carman burnt 19 May 1558 were brothers
29. may be the same as Jhon Lothesby, burnt at Smithfield, April 1557 (the Regester)
30. may be the same as Annis Hide, burnt at Smithfield, April 1557 (the Regester)
31. which records an 'other' burnt with Morant and Grathwick
32. May be the same as Christian Grover of the archdeaconry of Lewes
33. 'The Regester' states that a person called 'Hayne' was burnt along with Cuthbert Symion. However, this person is not mentioned in Foxe's Book of Martyrs.
34. 'The Regester' gives the name of the woman burnt with Alexander Gooch as Elizabeth Launson.
35. may be the same as William Ailewarde (the Regester)
36. Richard Smith is said to have died in prison (day unknown) September, Lowlar's Tower/Lollard's Tower, Lambeth Palace, London in 'the Regester', but is described as 'non-existent' in
37. may be the same as Thomas Leyes of Thorpe, Essex, sickened in Lollard's Tower, died (day unknown) September, Location unknown
38. An Anabaptist
39. A Unitarian
40. An Arian
41. That list does not include John Wade, the three members of the Dangerfield family or the three who died in Chichester Castle – numbers 7 and 19 to 24 in the list of prisoners above. It appears to conflate Thomas Ravensdale and the shoemaker who was burnt with him – numbers 158 and 160 in the list of prisoners above. In other words, eight people appear above, but not in that list. On the other hand, numbers 212 and 213 in that list (two people burned in Suffolk on 18 June 1557) do not seem to appear elsewhere, and are not shown above. As a result, there are six fewer names in that list of 312 people than the totals above of those executed (284) and those who sickened or died in prison (34) – a grand total of 318.
42. That list does not include the following eight people mentioned above – (34) Margery Polley, (49) Roger Hues, (154) Rose Pencell, (175) William Carman, (212) George Egles – as he was hanged, drawn and quartered, as opposed to being burnt, (225) Robert Stevenson, (227) the woman at Rochester, (243) ... Lawton. On the other hand, that list duplicates (38) Richard Hook, (127) Thomas Milles/John Milles (128) Thomas Moor and (209) Mary Groves/Christian Grover. It counts (147) Perotine Massey's infant son separately. It includes John Warner and Thomas Athoth who are shown above as 'Also mentioned by Foxe'. It includes a woman said to have been burnt with (164) John Horne of Wotton-under-Edge. In other words, eight people appear in that list but not above. As a result, that list contains the same number of people as the list of martyrs above – 284.

References

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