Soyuz 9
This article is about the 1970 mission.
For the mission identified by NASA as ISS Soyuz 9, see
Soyuz TMA-5.
Soyuz 9 (Russian: Союз 9, Union 9) was a 1970 Soviet manned space flight. The two-man crew of Andrian Nikolayev and Vitali Sevastyanov broke the five-year-old space endurance record held by Gemini 7, with their nearly 18-day flight. The mission paved the way for the Salyut space station missions, investigating the effects of long-term weightlessness on crew, and evaluating the work that the cosmonauts could do in orbit, individually and as a team. It was also the last flight of the first-generation Soyuz 7K-OK spacecraft, as well as the first manned space launch to be conducted at night. To date, Soyuz 9 marks the longest manned flight by a solo spacecraft.
Crew
Backup crew
Reserve crew
Mission highlights
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Soyuz 9 on the 1971
USSR commemorative stamp "424 hours On Earth's Orbit"
Commander Andriyan Nikolayev and flight engineer Vitaly Sevastyanov spent 18 days in space conducting various physiological and biomedical experiments on themselves, but also investigating the social implications of prolonged spaceflight. The cosmonauts spent time in two-way TV links with their families, watched the World Cup football game, played chess (including this chess game with the crew as white; it was the first chess game played across space) with ground control, and voted in a Soviet election. The mission set a new space endurance record and marked a shift in emphasis away from spacefarers merely being able to exist in space for the duration of a long mission (such as the Apollo flights to the moon) to being able to live in space.
The mission took an unexpected physical toll on the cosmonauts; in order to conserve attitude control gas during the lengthy stay in orbit, Soyuz 9 was placed in a spin-stabilization mode that made Nikolayev and Sevastyanov dizzy and space sick. When landing finally came, they required help exiting the descent module and were virtually unable to walk for a few days. Nonetheless, this experience proved the importance of providing crews with exercise equipment during missions.
Mission parameters
- Mass: 6590 kg (14,530 lb)
- Perigee: 176 km (109 mi)
- Apogee: 227 km (141 mi)
- Inclination: 51.6°
- Period: 88.5 min
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Soyuz 9. |
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| Kosmos 318 | OPS 6531 | Intelsat III F-6 | Kosmos 319 | Kosmos 320 | Kosmos 321 | Kosmos 322 | ITOS-1 · Australis-OSCAR 5 | DS-P1-I No.6 | SERT-2 | E-8-5 No.405 | Kosmos 323 | Ōsumi | OPS 0054 | Molniya-1 No.17 | Kosmos 324 | Kosmos 325 | OPS 0440 · OPS 3402 | Wika · Mika | Kosmos 326 | Meteor No.14 | Kosmos 327 | NATO 2A | Kosmos 328 | Kosmos 329 | Kosmos 330 | Nimbus 4 · Topo-1 | Kosmos 331 | OPS 7033 · OPS 7044 | Kosmos 332 | Apollo 13 | Kosmos 333 | OPS 2863 | Intelsat III F-7 | Kosmos 334 | Dongfanghong I | Kosmos 335 | Kosmos 336 · Kosmos 337 · Kosmos 338 · Kosmos 339 · Kosmos 340 · Kosmos 341 · Kosmos 342 · Kosmos 343 | Meteor No.13 | Kosmos 344 | Kosmos 345 | OPS 4720 · OPS 8520 | DS-P1-Yu No.36 | Soyuz 9 | Kosmos 346 | STV-3 | Kosmos 347 | Kosmos 348 | Kosmos 349 | OPS 5346 | Meteor-M No.17 | OPS 6820 | Molniya-1 No.21 | Kosmos 350 | Kosmos 351 | Unnamed | Kosmos 352 | Kosmos 353 | Zenit-4 No.75 | OPS 4324 | Intelsat III F-8 | Kosmos 354 | Interkosmos 3 | Kosmos 355 | Kosmos 356 | Venera 7 | OPS 7874 | Skynet 1B | Kosmos 357 | Kosmos 358 | Kosmos 359 · Kosmos 359 | OPS 8329 | Transit O-19 | Kosmos 360 | OPS 7329 | Orba · X-2 | OPS 0203 | Kosmos 361 | Luna 16 | Kosmos 362 | Kosmos 363 | Kosmos 364 | MS-F1 | Kosmos 365 | Molniya-1 No.19 | Kosmos 366 | Kosmos 367 | Kosmos 368 · Nauka No.3 | Kosmos 369 | Kosmos 370 | Kosmos 371 | Interkosmos 4 | Meteor-M No.16 | Kosmos 372 | Kosmos 373 | Zond 8 | Kosmos 374 | OPS 7568 | Kosmos 375 | Kosmos 376 | OPS 5960 | OFO · RM-1 | Luna 17 ( Lunokhod 1) | Kosmos 377 | Kosmos 378 | OPS 4992 · OPS 6829 | Kosmos 379 | Kosmos 380 | Molniya-1 No.23 | OAO-B | Kosmos 381 | Kosmos 382 | Kosmos 383 | Kosmos 384 · Nauka No.2 | NOAA-1 · CEPI | Uhuru | Kosmos 385 | Peole | Kosmos 386 | Kosmos 387 | Kosmos 388 | Kosmos 389 | DS-P1-M No.1 | Molniya-1 No.22 | | Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets). |
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