Pasukan Gerakan Khas

Pasukan Gerakan Khas
Special Operations Command
Abbreviation PGK

The crest of the 69 Commandos of PGK, featuring a pair of kerambit

The crest of the Special Actions Unit of PGK
Motto Warisan Darah Perwira – 69 Commando
Tangkas Banteras Ganas – UTK
Inheritance of The Blood of Warriors – 69 Commando
Quick to Overcome Terror – UTK
Agency overview
Formed October 20, 1997 (1997)
Employees ~ 4,000 operators
Legal personality Governmental: Government agency
Jurisdictional structure
Federal agency Malaysia
Primary governing body Government of Malaysia
Secondary governing body Royal Malaysia Police
General nature
Specialist jurisdiction Counter terrorism, special weapons and tactics, protection of VIPs.
Operational structure
Overviewed by Police Ministry of Home Affairs
Headquarters Bukit Aman near Kuala Lumpur
3°08′55″N 101°41′30″E / 3.148725°N 101.691584°E / 3.148725; 101.691584
Minister of Home Affair responsible Ahmad Zahid Hamidi

The Pasukan Gerakan Khas (Abbreviation: PGK; Special Operations Command; SOCOM of Federal Police) is a paramilitary special operations force and an elite high-profile counter-terrorism tactical unit of the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP).[1] The PGK Command has two distinct subunits; the VAT 69 (Very Able Trooper-69; 69 Komando ) and the Special Actions Unit (Malay: Unit Tindakan Khas; UTK). The infantry troopers and operators of VAT 69 and UTK are specially trained to intervene in high-risk events like hostage and barricade situations by hostile forces, especially terrorists and/or criminals. It originally had over 4,000 full-time operators but its actual size and organisation is classified. Both units commonly function as a high-level national tactical team in extremely sensitive or dangerous situations.

History

VAT 69

The VAT 69 (Very Able Troopers 69), also known as Task Force, Charlie Force and Special Project Team, is modelled on the British 22nd Special Air Service Regiment. It was founded in 1969 (hence the name – 69) as a small combat unit to counter the tactics and techniques of the communist terrorists.[2] It began when the Minister of Home Affairs and Internal Security, The Honorable Allahyarham (late) Tun Dr Ismail proposed the formation of a special force for fighting the communist insurgency in 1969.

In October 1969, 60 from 1,600 officers and men of the Police Field Force applied for VAT 69 training and qualified themselves for basic commando training. A group of drill instructors from SAS were sent to Fort Kemar, Perak to supervise the inaugural 69 Commando. Only 30 police officers managed to pass and they formed the first nucleus troop of 69 Commando Battalion.[2]

In the 1970s, VAT 69 started its initial operations and was successfully deployed against the Malayan National Liberation Army during the Communist Insurgency War. As a result, a significant number of MNLA guerrillas were neutralised and large amounts of weapons and equipment were seized.[3] VAT 69 also cooperated with the Senoi Praaq Regiment, an exclusively Orang Asli police light infantry unit, in operations against pro-Communist ASAL groups, which were composed of Orang Asli sympathisers of the Malayan Communists.[4]

In 1977, three new squadrons were raised and trained by the New Zealand Special Air Service and a special course was also conducted to train their own instructors. This expansion programme was completed in 1980 and VAT 69 had fully equipped units with its own logistics department.[2]

UTK

Unit Tindak Khas (UTK) or Special Actions Unit is a secondary special forces unit of the RMP after VAT 69. This unit performs as a high-level national SWAT team and the unit's men also undertake undercover missions. Founded on 1 January 1975, they were also deployed in the first mission during the Japanese Red Army (Nihon Sekigun) hostage incident on 5 August 1975 when the terrorists held approximately 50 civilians including members of the US consulate and the Swedish chargé d'affaires as hostages within the AIA building housing several embassies in Kuala Lumpur, two years after the massacre of Israeli hostages in Munich, West Germany by the Palestinian Black September army group in 1973. The terrorists won the release of five imprisoned comrades and flew with them to Libya. Similarly, the UTK were also trained by the 22 SAS but they operate in a very different tactical atmosphere as compared by US Capitol Police SWAT units. In the selection phase, only twenty from more than a hundred police applicants are selected annually. UTK were also involved with the Grup Gerak Khas (Malaysian Army Special Forces) to manage security in the 1998 Commonwealth Games.

Merger in SOCOM

On 20 October 1997, the Royal Malaysia Police reorganised and setting back a VAT 69 and UTK co-ordinate them into one special operation command known as Pasukan Gerakan Khas (PGK; Special Operations Command), launched by Prime Minister Dato' Seri Dr Mahathir Muhammad and Inspector General of Police Tan Sri Rahim Noor.[5]

Although amalgamated into one directorate, they are essentially still two separate entities operating in two distinct operational environments.

Functions

PGK roles are believed to include:

Identities

Maroon berets
A symbol of Pasukan Gerakan Khas Detachment A or Special Actions Unit (UTK).
Sand coloured berets
A symbol of Pasukan Gerakan Khas Detachment B or 69 Commandos (VAT 69).
Trimedia Parachute Wings
The recognised symbol of the PGK. It also identifies the abilities of parachutist, airborne unit and air assault operations.

Insignia

Motto
Warisan Darah Perwira (English : Heritage of the blood of Heroes)
Black
Black symbolises the highly secretive nature of VAT 69 operations.
Red
Red symbolises bravery.
Yellow
Yellow symbolises "Loyalty to King and Country" (Malay: Taat Setia kepada Raja dan Negara).
Javelin
Lembing, another traditional weapon used by Malay warriors.
Two pieces of the curved Kerambit dagger.
Arranged to form the number 69, signifying stealth and efficiency.

Organisation

Four UTK operatives on standby. They are armed with MP5-Ns equipped with Aimpoint CompM2 Sight and Insight Technology flashlight.

Previously separate entities, both the VAT 69 and the UTK were amalgamated into the PGK Command on 20 October 1997, when it was launched by the 5th Inspector General of Police, Tan Sri Rahim Noor. However, the VAT 69 and the UTK are still operationing as separate units. The UTK is now officially known as Pasukan Gerakan Khas Detachment A and VAT 69 has been deputised to Pasukan Gerakan Khas Detachment B.

Based at the Royal Malaysia Police Headquarters in Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur, the PGK is under the direct command of the RMP's Internal and Public Security (Malay: Keselamatan Dalam Negeri dan Ketenteraman Awam) Director. The unit commander holds the rank of Senior Assistant Commissioner (SAC) and is the Deputy Director of the Internal and Public Security Branch.

With the growing threat of terrorism since the 11 September attacks, this unit has increasingly adapted itself to conduct counter-terrorism duties.[6] With the aim of creating teams that are capable of dealing with a broad range of operations (especially counter-terrorism operations), the PGK small patrol team consist of six to ten operatives led by officers ranked from Police Inspector to Superintendent of Police with different expertise such as an attack units, snipers, EOD experts, communications experts and field medics. The PGK has also forged closer relations with the special forces of the Malaysian Armed Forces, including the 10 Paratrooper Brigade, Grup Gerak Khas, PASKAL and PASKAU, so as to enable them to more effectively enforce security within Malaysia's borders.

Roles

UTK operators practice storming a ship during a PGK exercise.

The UTK tactics and organisation are primarily influenced by the Germany GSG-9 and American Special Activities Division but with a difference; UTK operatives operate mostly in plain-clothes and also perform undercover missions. With approximately 300 members, the UTK is deployed in cases of hostage taking, kidnapping, terrorism and extortion. The group may also be used to secure locations, neutralise targets, track down fugitives and sometimes conduct sniper operations and escorting and protecting top leaders and VVIPs.[7][8]

VAT69 commando operatives however are jungle warfare specialists given VAT69's origins as a force established to fight the communist threats in 1969 and the insurgency years. Originally trained by the British SAS, VAT69 commandos conduct land, sea and air special operation techniques, with speciality in jungle warfare and deep reconnaissance missions. They execute special operation in support of the Police Special Branch fight against subversive organisation and terrorist activities, offensive operations using special weapons and tactics, anti-terrorism, counter-insurgency, hostage rescue, close protection and supporting the Malaysian Armed Forces special forces, Rapid Deployment Force or infantry force in any security measures.[1][9] There are four infantry squadrons in VAT69 Commando with its own logistic unit, totalling around 1,900 members.

VAT69's and UTK's snipers, technicians and explosive expertise regularly cross-train with foreign special forces including the Special Air Service Regiments of Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, the Royal Thai Border Patrol Police, the French GIGN, the German Federal Police Grenzschutzgruppe 9 (GSG-9), and a number of US services including the US Navy SEALs, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) and others. UTK members wear maroon berets while VAT69 Commando members wear the sand coloured beret given to them by their founding trainers, the 22nd SAS.

On 14 November 2006, for the first time in the history of PGK, the maroon and sand coloured berets were honoured as Royal Berets by Yang Dipertuan Agong Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Syed Putera Jamalullail, the then King of Malaysia.

Recruitment, selection and training

Several UTK operatives moving during a close quarters combat drill at the killing house. The first operative is equipped with a tactical shield.
Several officers from 69 Commando of PGK standby to demonstrate the Gayung Perang war dances during the 56th National Day Parade of Malaysia at Merdeka Square, Kuala Lumpur. The officer on the right has a slung Colt M4A1 Carbine.

All members of the Malaysian police forces services with two years of service can join the this both Units. The three months training period includes thirteen weeks of basic training and nine weeks of advanced training. A primary selection period is as long as two days. Depending on the department's policy, officers generally have to serve a minimum tenure within the department before being able to apply for a specialist section such as VAT69 & UTK. This tenure requirement is based on the fact that PGK officers are still law enforcement officers and must have a thorough knowledge of department policies and procedures. To be eligible to join the PGK Special Forces, one must be younger than 30 years old and have a good health record.

Prospective trainees are expected to exceed the minimum requirements of the Physical Screening Test (PST), which requires that trainees must be able to:

  1. Run 3.2 km in 11 minutes or less
  2. Swim freestyle for at least 8–10 laps
  3. Do at least 9–13 chin-ups
  4. Do at least 30 sit-ups
  5. Do at least 60 push-ups
  6. Do at least 30 squat thrusts

In 69 Commando, it has a three phases included:

First Phase
Trainees will spend most of their time mastering patrol techniques.
Second Phase
In this phase, all trainees will learn skills and lessons such as tracking, communication, field medical and explosive. This also involves making booby traps, explosives and various demolition techniques.
Third Phase
Final movement test where the trainees are tested in all aspects of skills and lessons that they had learned. At the moment, special attention is given to trainees who show leadership potential.

To accomplish its varied mission profiles, the PGK ensures that its members are well trained in the required aspects of special operations. These include:-

Insertion Techniques
  1. HALO/HAHO
  2. Fast roping techniques
  3. Helo casting
  4. Abseiling
  5. Combat diving
Combat Techniques
  1. Close Quarters Combat – CQC
  2. Counter-insurgency
  3. Unconventional warfare
  4. Sabotage
  5. Close VIP protection
  6. Vehicular assault
  7. Unarmed combat
  8. Knife combat
  9. Marksmanship
  10. Booby-trap defusal
  11. Underwater demolitions )
Intelligence Gathering
  1. Intelligence
  2. Counterintelligence
  3. Special reconnaissance
  4. Long-range Combat Patrol
Task Oriented
A UTK operator rappels on a building.
  1. Aircraft Hijackings
  2. Car stops
  3. Combat, Search and Rescue (CSAR)
  4. Coordinate multi-location warrant service
  5. Dignitary protection
  6. Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD)
  7. Foreign language
  8. Fugitive tracking (in rural environments)
  9. Hazmat Disposal[9]
  10. High risk arrests (armed and dangerous subjects)
  11. Hostage rescue (HR)
  12. K9 Handling[9]
  13. Operations in WMD environments
  14. Site surveys for high visibility events
  15. Specialized sniper operations
  16. Stronghold assaults (structures requiring specialised breaching equipment that local law enforcement might not have access to)
  17. Tubular assaults (aircraft, trains, buses, etc.)

The PGK is known to conduct joint training exercises and participate in exchange programs with Commonwealth special units such as the Australian SAS, British SAS, New Zealand SAS and Singapore Special Tactics and Rescue. The PGK routinely trains with neighbouring country tactical teams such as the Indonesian Mobile Brigade and Thailand Border Patrol Police. Occasionally the PGK trains with FBI Hostage Rescue Team, French GIGN and RAID, German GSG 9, Italian NOCS, Spanish G.E.O, US Delta Force, US Green Berets, US Army Special Operations Command Pacific Unit (SOCPAC) and other international units.

On 10 December 2003, the then Inspector General of Police, Tan Sri Mohd Bakri Bin Haji Omar, launched the training programme between the USSOCPAC and the 69th PGK at the General Operations Force Training Center in Ulu Kinta, Perak. The team of SOCPAC were to conduct joint exercise with the PGK, under codename Advance Vector Balance Mint for a duration of 2 weeks.[10] Only 42 out of the 194 participants completed the inaugural programme.

PGK equipment

UTK operators on standby during the 56th National Day Parade of Malaysia at Merdeka Square, Kuala Lumpur. They are armed with primary HK MP5A5 submachine guns and equipped with Aimpoint M68 Close Combat Optic sight and Insight Technology underbarrel flashlight.

PGK teams use equipment designed for a variety of specialist situations. The particular pieces of equipment vary from unit to unit, but there are some consistent trends in what they wear and use. Much of their equipment is indistinguishable from that supplied to the military, not least because much of it is military surplus

Weapons

As a special forces unit, the PGK is equipped with a wide variety of high class weapons and support equipment commonly associated with counter-terrorism operations, the most common weapons include submachine guns, assault rifles, shotguns, machineguns and sniper rifles.[9]

Semi-automatic pistols are the most popular sidearms and the majority of the officers use various 9 mm pistols. Principal handguns include:

Various shotguns used by PGK units include:

Common submachine guns used by all PGK teams include:

Common carbines include:

Common sniper rifles used are:

The 69 Comandos used the common machine guns include:

Various grenade launchers used by PGK units include:

Less lethal weapons is:

Notes

1The Bean Bag shell is typically fired from a shotgun, and is used by police and military forces, mainly in the United States to disperse the type of riot which is not able to be controlled with tear gas weapon. When fired, the bean bag (or BB) made from rubber and plastic is expelled at around 70–90 meters/second; it spreads out in flight and distributes its impact over about 6 centimetres² of the target. It is designed to deliver a blow that will cause minimum long-term trauma and no penetration but will result in a muscle spasm or other reaction to briefly render a violent suspect immobile.

Tactical Vehicles

UTK operators using a Ford Explorer Sport Trac type as a Rapid Intervention Vehicle for vehicular assault.

As a special operations unit, the PGK employs a number of specialised vehicles to accomplish its missions. These include the Commando V-150D and the GKN Sankey AT105 armoured personnel carriers equipped with M60s as assault vehicles in urban and jungle terrain as well as modified police MPV (Mobile Patrol Vehicles), vans, trucks, 4WD and buses for use as tactical vehicles. PGK also employs RHIB assault boats, jet-skis and Marine Subskimmer (DPV) in maritime missions and amphibious insertions.

For its airborne operations, PGK utilises the C-130 Hercules, Cessna 206G, Cessna 208 Caravan 1 and Pilatus Porter PC-6 aircraft as well as the E-Squirrel AS-355 F2/AS-355N helicopter.

Developments and Acquisitions

On 25 October 2007, the US Joint Interagency Task Force (JIATF) West funded RM2 million state-of-the-art shooting house for the VAT 69 Commando battalion was opened.[12]

List of Unit Commanders

Listed below are the unit commanders past & present.

List of Pasukan Gerakan Khas Commander
Name Year Remark
Superintendent G/640 M. Shanmugam 1975 – 1976 First commanding officer of the PGK
Superintendent G/3158 Ramli Bin Abd Kadir 1976 – 1978Replaced Supt. Shanmugam
Assistant Commissioner of Police G/2827 Syed Mohd Mumtaz Wafa Bin Syed Subli Wafa 1978 – 1983-
Assistant Commissioner of Police G/3740 A Navaratnam 1983 – 1986First commanding officer and head of VAT 69
Deputy Superintendent of Police G/5439 Meor Chek Hussein Bin Mahayuddin 1986 – 1987 Assistant commanding officer of the PGK
Assistant Commissioner of Police G/3421 Mohd Yusof Bin Harun 1987 – 1990-
Assistant Commissioner of Police G/3432 Haji Idris Bin Haji Wahid 1990 – 1993-
Senior Assistant Commissioner I G/5439 Dato' Meor Chek Hussien Bin Mahayuddin 1993 – 20001997 Merged VAT 69 and UTK to Pasukan Gerakan Khas
Senior Assistant Commissioner II G/5096 Dato' Mohd Anuar Bin Mohd Zain 2000–2002-
Senior Assistant Commissioner II Roslan Bin Mohd Yassin 2002 – 2004 PGK Commander from 2002 and transferred to Pahang state as the Officer Chief of Police Contingent in 2004
Senior Assistant Commissioner II Mohd Rani Bin Abd Rashid 2004 – 2006 led from Deputy Director of Internal and Public Security in Royal Malaysian Police
Senior Assistant Commissioner II Muhammad Sabtu Bin Osman2006 – 2008 Transferred to Kuala Lumpur as Kuala Lumpur Police State Chief
Senior Assistant Commissioner I Dato' Muhammad Fuad Bin Abu Zarin 2008 – 2015 Replaced SAC II Muhammad Sabtu Bin Osman
Senior Assistant Commissioner Dato' Azizan Bin Abd. Aziz 2015 – Present Replaced SAC I Dato' Muhammad Fuad Bin Abu Zarin

Killed in the line of duty

Rank Name Year of death Circumstances
ASP G/3427 ("Task Force") Mohd Zabri Bin Abdul Hamid 1975 Fatally injured due to stepping onto booby-trap while intercepting and hunting down communist guerillas who were responsible for the murder of four Extra Police Constable at Grik, Perak
PC 67574 ("Task Force") Zainuddin Bin Hassan 1984 Killed by communist sniper while assisting Police Field Force who were trapped in an ambush by communist guerillas at Ulu Kinta jungle, Perak
Cpl Ismail Bin Ibrahim 2000 Parachuting accident during basic training course at PGK B Training Facility, Ulu Kinta, Perak
Cpl 110992 Idrus Bin Johar
Insp G/17992 Zulkifli Bin Mamat 2013 Killed during an unexpected "white flag" ambush by Sulu terrorists while hunting down a terrorist group in Lahad Datu, Sabah.
Cpl 113088 Sabaruddin Bin Daud
Cpl 148953 Mohd Razkan Bin Seran 2015 Killed in helicopter crash into a jungle along Jalan Sungai Lalang in Kampung Pasir Baru, Semenyih, Kajang, during escorting Rompin Member of Parliament, Tan Sri Jamaluddin Jarjis from Pahang to Subang.

Missions

Two operatives of UTK including one female operator armed with MP5-N submachineguns during the CQC drill.

Its first counter-terrorism mission, which is one of the most well-known and which established the unit's reputation as an elite unit, was an operation known as "Operasi Subuh"/"Operasi Khas 304" (Operations Dawn/Special Operation 304). It was carried out on 3 July 2000 against Al-Ma'unah terrorists who had stolen 94 M16 rifles, 2 Steyr AUG rifles, 4 General Purpose Machineguns (GPMG), 6 Light Machineguns (LMG), 5 M203 grenade launchers, 26 bayonet daggers and thousands of ammunition rounds from 2 control posts of the Rejimen Askar Wataniah (Territorial Army Regiment) camp in Kuala Rui, Perak and captured 2 police officers, one army special forces soldier and one villager as hostages and planned to commit treason against a democratically elected government.[13]

In the dawn of 5 July 2000, police and military units created a distraction, while members of the PGK, accompanied by the 22nd Grup Gerak Khas led by Malaysian armed forces senior officer Lt. Gen. (R) Zaini Mohamad Said and 69th Commando PGK leader ASP Abd Razak Bin Mohd Yusof were sent to Sauk to negotiate with the Al-Ma'unah leader, Mohamed Amin Bin Mohamed Razali.

Amin, along with his comrades were persuaded to drop their arms and surrender to the security forces. Although most of the group initially surrendered, negotiations eventually broke down and a bloody gunfight ensued. In these incidents, 2 of the 4 hostages were killed before the group finally surrendered. The security forces team suffered two casualties – police Special Branch officer Detective Corporal R. Sanghadevan and Trooper Matthew anak Medan from 22nd GGK were tortured before they were killed and was buried by 2 other hostages, Sargeant (R) Mohd Shah Ahmad and civilian Jaafar Puteh, in the jungle before they were both rescued by security forces. Abdul Halim Ali @ Ahmad, a member of the militant group, was shot dead in the gunfighting and five others were injured, including two seriously. The other 22 were taken into police custody.[14] Mohamed Amin, Zahit Muslim, Jemari Jusoh and Jamaludin Darus were later sentenced to death and the other 16 were sentenced to life imprisonment. 10 more comrades, Megat Mohamed Hanafi Ilias, Muhamad Nukhshah Bandi Che Mansor, Riduan Berahim, Azlan Abdul Ghani, Shahidi Ali and Khairul Anuar Mohamed Ariffin, were sentenced by the High Court to ten years in jail each after pleading guilty to an alternative charge under Section 122 for preparing to wage war against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong after they pleaded guilty to the lesser charge.[15][16]

Publicly known missions

UTK officers riding the Honda ST1300 escorted the VVIP vehicles out to the exit gate of Parliament Square after the 52nd Independence Day Parade on 31 August 2009.
Main article: Pudu Prison siege
The model of 69 Commando PGK with the HALO/HAHO equipment.
An UTK officer using a battering ram to performing a door breaching during the CQC drill.

See also

Further reading

References

  1. 1 2 S.S Yoga (30 December 2009). "Remains of the day". The Star. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 A. Navaratnam, pp.9-10
  3. ↑ A. Navaratnam, Chapters 4-21
  4. ↑ A. Navaratnam, pp. 65-68
  5. ↑ A. Navaratnam, p. 192
  6. ↑ "In full force". The Star. 22 September 2007. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  7. ↑ "To protect with their lives – Fotoplay". The Star. 29 September 2007. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  8. ↑ "Guns, grit & guts". The Star. 27 August 2005. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Thompson, Leroy (December 2008). "Malaysian Special Forces". Special Weapons. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
  10. ↑ "An Inspector General of Police Speeches In Conjunction With The Council End of Course Special Operations Force Series 1/2003 Ceremony & End of Course Beret Conjunction Rookie PGK". Royal Malaysian Police. 10 December 2003. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
  11. ↑ "HK MP7A1". Guns Lot. 13 December 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  12. ↑ "VAT 69 gets RM2m shoot house". The Star. 26 October 2007. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  13. ↑ "Malaysian arms gang take hostages". BBC News. 4 July 2000. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
  14. ↑ "Malaysian gunmen surrender". BBC News. 6 July 2000. Retrieved 18 August 2008.
  15. ↑ "Sauk incident". Utusan Malaysia. 15 January 2001. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  16. ↑ "Malaysian arms raid cult charged". BBC News. 8 August 2000. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
  17. ↑ "Security for sale". Asia Times. 14 August 2003. Retrieved 20 April 2009.
  18. ↑ "World: Asia-Pacific Anwar arrested amid Kuala Lumpur protests". BBC News. 2 September 2004. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  19. ↑ "Malaysian Federal Court Judgment in Dato’ Seri Anwar b. Ibrahim & Sukma Darmawan Sasmitaat Madja Lwn. Pendakwa Raya". Federal Court of Malaysia. 2 September 2004. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  20. ↑ "Malaysia's Anwar Ibrahim set free". BBC News. 2 September 2004. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  21. ↑ "4 ahli Geng Steyr ditembak mati (Malay)". Utusan Malaysia. 19 January 2000. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  22. 1 2 3 4 "27 in the list of Interpol, FBI". hmetro.com.my (Harian Metro). 22 February 2010. Archived from the original on 25 February 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
  23. ↑ The 9/11 Commission Report; about the summit, see page 159
  24. ↑ "Mat Komando killed in shootout with police". Utusan Malaysia. 12 September 2002. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  25. ↑ "Crime watch: December 27". Utusan Malaysia. 27 December 2001. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  26. ↑ "M16 Gang crippled, three members including mastermind shot dead". Utusan Malaysia. 28 December 2001. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  27. ↑ "Marine Police Detain Ship Believed Hijacked Three Years Ago". bernama.com.my (Bernama). 23 August 2005. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
  28. ↑ "Malaysia seizes 'stolen' ship in nighttime raid". The Taipei Times (Taiwan (ROC)). 25 August 2005. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
  29. ↑ "M'sian Police To Take Over From M'sian Troops In Timor Leste". Bernama. 30 June 2006. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  30. ↑ "Villagers help in ground search". The Star. 16 July 2007.
  31. ↑ "Anwar arrested, taken to HKL (Update 11)". The Star. 16 July 2008. Retrieved 20 July 2008.
  32. ↑ "Fugitive militant finds rustic retreat away from prying eyes". thestar.com.my (The Star). 11 May 2009. Retrieved 11 May 2009.
  33. ↑ "Fugitive Mas Selamat nabbed". thestar.com.my (The Star). 8 May 2009. Retrieved 9 May 2009.
  34. ↑ "Royal car ambushed by armed men, claims prince". The Star. 8 May 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  35. ↑ AP/Eileen Ng (8 July 2011). "Malaysia: Kindergarten Hostage Taker Killed". Time (magazine). Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  36. ↑ EPA (7 July 2011). "Malaysian police shoot hostage-taker to end kindergarten siege". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  37. ↑ "Children safe after siege at Malaysian kindergarten". BBC News. 7 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  38. ↑ "Two Malaysians Charged with Inciting Terrorism in Syria". Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA Syria). 16 February 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
  39. ↑ "Trio held for militant activities". New Straits Times. 8 February 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
  40. ↑ "Yazid Sufaat and his alleged track of terror". Astro Awani. 8 February 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
  41. ↑ "Lahad Datu: Police the approximately 15 Sulu gunmen who were believed to be part of the ambush were killed in a firefight on 1 March". ABN News. 12 March 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  42. ↑ "Komando VAT 69 geledah sempadan". Utusan Malaysia. 19 May 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.

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