Stafford (UK Parliament constituency)

Stafford
County constituency for the House of Commons
Boundary of Stafford in Staffordshire.
Location of Staffordshire within England.
County	Staffordshire
Electorate	69,832 (December 2010)[1]
Major settlements	Stafford
Current constituency
Created	1983
Member of parliament	Jeremy Lefroy (Conservative)
Number of members	One
Created from	Stafford & Stone and Newcastle-under-Lyme[2]
1918–1950
Number of members	One
Type of constituency	County constituency
Replaced by	Stafford & Stone
1295–1918
Number of members	1290–1885: Two 1885–1918: One
Type of constituency	Borough constituency
Overlaps
European Parliament constituency	West Midlands

Stafford is a constituency^{[n 1]} represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by Jeremy Lefroy, a Conservative.^{[n 2]}

History

Stafford, as a parliamentary borough, first existed between the Model Parliament in 1295 and 1950.

The current constituency was created for the 1983 general election.

Prominent members

The town was represented in Parliament by leading playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan at the end of the 18th century.

Political history

Taken together with the Stafford and Stone seat which existed during the 33-year gap mentioned above, since 1910 when the last Liberal served the seat, the Conservative party has had five members and the Labour party two (this total includes the present member). In summary:

• Labour saw a bellwether result in their 1945 landslide victory, but a Conservative regained the seat at the next election in 1950 in the successor seat which he held until his death in 1984.
• Effects from the creation of the Stone constituency in 1997 made Stafford somewhat more marginal: sitting Stafford MP Bill Cash followed some of his electors into the Stone constituency, which he won, and after a 47-year lack of a member, Labour's David Kidney gained the constituency in his party's landslide victory in 1997.^{[n 3]}

Boundaries

1918-1950: The Municipal Borough of Stafford, the Rural District of Gnosall, the Rural District consisting of the civil parishes of Blymhill and Weston-under-Lizard, the Rural District of Stafford except the detached part of the civil parish of Colwich, and part of the Rural District of Cannock.

1983-1997: The Borough of Stafford wards of Baswich, Beaconside, Castle, Church Eaton, Common, Coton, Eccleshall, Forebridge, Gnosall, Highfields, Holmcroft, Littleworth, Manor, Milford, Penkside, Rowley, Seighford, Swynnerton, Tillington, Weeping Cross, and Woodseaves, and the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme wards of Loggerheads, Madeley, and Whitmore.

1997-2010: The Borough of Stafford wards of Baswich, Beaconside, Castle, Common, Coton, Forebridge, Haywood, Highfields, Holmcroft, Littleworth, Manor, Milford, Penkside, Rowley, Seighford, Tillington, and Weeping Cross, and the District of South Staffordshire wards of Acton Trussell, Bishopswood and Lapley, Penkridge North East, Penkridge South East, and Penkridge West.

2010-present: The Borough of Stafford wards of Baswich, Common, Coton, Forebridge, Haywood and Hixon, Highfields and Western Downs, Holmcroft, Littleworth, Manor, Milford, Penkside, Rowley, Seighford, Tillington, and Weeping Cross, and the District of South Staffordshire wards of Penkridge North East and Acton Trussell, Penkridge South East, Penkridge West, and Wheaton Aston, Bishopswood and Lapley.

The constituency forms the southerly part of the borough of Stafford, including the eponymous town itself plus the Penkridge area.

Constituency profile

The town has historical significance, featuring the Elizabethan Ancient High House, a museum with changing exhibitions and Stafford Castle. In terms of industry and commerce, the physics and engineering niche of large power station transformers are produced in the seat whereas the area to the north is famous for fine china, the Staffordshire Potteries from the companies Aynsley, Burleigh, Doulton, Dudson, Heron Cross, Minton, Moorcroft, Twyford, and Wedgwood. The area is also well known for the Staffordshire Hoard, Alton Towers and has a Building Society based in the town.

Workless claimants, registered jobseekers, were in November 2012 significantly lower than the national average of 3.8%, at 2.7% of the population based on a statistical compilation by The Guardian.^[3]

Members of Parliament

Stafford parliamentary borough

MPs 1295–1640

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

• Constituency created (1295)^[4]

Parliament	First member	Second member
1295	William Reynor	John Beyton
1337	Hugh Snel[5]
1353	Hugh Snel[5]
1360	Hugh Snel[5]
1362	Hugh Snel[5]
1363	Hugh Snel[5]
1365	Hugh Snel[5]
1366	Hugh Snel[5]
1368	Hugh Snel[5]
1369	Hugh Snel[5]
1371	Hugh Snel[5]
1373	Hugh Snel[5]
1376	Hugh Snel[5]
1377	Hugh Snel (murdered 1380)[5]
1386	Thomas Jockery	Richard Stanford[6]
1388 (Feb)	John Newton	Nicholas Snell[6]
1388 (Sep)	John Newton	Richard Stanford[6]
1390 (Jan)	John Newton	John Snell[6]
1390 (Nov)
1391	John Newton	Richard Stanford[6]
1393	Henry Warrilewe	John Baxter[6]
1394
1395	John Wylaston	John Baxter[6]
1397 (Jan)	John Wylaston	John Clifton[6]
1397 (Sep)
1399	John Wylaston	Richard Stanford[6]
1401
1402	Richard Stanford	Thomas Barber[6]
1404 (Jan)	Roger Coton	Adam Hewster[6]
1404 (Oct)
1406	Thomas Jockery	John Huntingdon[6]
1407	Thomas Jockery	John Huntingdon[6]
1410
1411	Thomas Barber	Robert Whitgreve[6]
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May)	Thomas Barber	Adam Edgeley[6]
1414 (Apr)
1414 (Nov)	Sampson Erdeswyk	Robert Whitgreve[6]
1415
1416 (Mar)	Henry Fenton	Robert Whitgreve[6]
1416 (Oct)
1417
1419	John Harper	John Parker[6]
1420	John Harper	Robert Whitgreve[6]
1421 (May)	John Harper	Robert Whitgreve[6]
1421 (Dec)	Adam Edgeley	Robert Whitgreve[6]
1495	Humphrey Barber[7]
1510–1523	No names known[8]
1529	Thomas Stanford, died and replaced by 1553 by Sampson Erdeswick	John Bickley[8]
1536	?
1539	?
1542	Walter Blount	William Stamford[8]
1545	Sir Henry Stafford	William Stamford[8]
1547	Sir Henry Stafford	Richard Forsett[8]
1553 (Mar)	Edward Colbarne	Francis Smith[8]
1553 (Oct)	Sir Henry Stafford	?Sir Anthony Browne/Simon Lowe alias Fyfield[8]
1554 (Apr)	John Giffard	Humphrey Swynnerton[8]
1554 (Nov)	James Fowler	Matthew Cradock[8]
1555	Sir Henry Stafford	Thomas Harcourt[8]
1558	Edward Stafford	James Fowler[8]
1559 (Jan)	Edward Stafford	William Bowyer[9]
1562/3	William Twyneho	Henry Goodere[9]
1571	Walter Stafford	William Knollys[9]
1572 (Apr)	Richard Broughton	Thomas Purslow[9]
1584 (Nov)	John Stafford	Francis Cradock[9]
1586	John Stafford	Francis Cradock[9]
1588 (Oct)	Francis Cradock	Henry Bourchier[9]
1593	Henry Bourchier	Francis Cradock[9]
1597 (Oct)	Sir Edward Stafford	Henry Bourchier[9]
1601 (Oct)	Sir Edward Stafford	William Essex[9]
1604–1611	Hugh Beeston replaced 1609 by Arthur Ingram[10]	George Cradock[10]
1614	Sir Walter Devereux[11]	Thomas Gibbs[11]
1621	Matthew Cradock[10]	Richard Dyott[10]
1624	Matthew Cradock	Richard Dyott
1625	Matthew Cradock	Sir Robert Hatton Sat for Sandwich replaced by Sir John Offley
1626	Sir John Offley	Bulstrode Whitlock
1628	Matthew Cradock	William Wingfield
1629–1640	No Parliaments convened

MPs 1640–1885

Election		First member[12]	First party		Second member[12]	Second party
April 1640		Ralph Sneyd			Richard Weston
November 1640		Ralph Sneyd	Royalist		Richard Weston	Royalist
October 1642				Weston disabled from sitting – seat vacant
May 1643	Sneyd disabled from sitting – seat vacant
1645		John Swinfen			Edward Leigh
December 1648	Swinfen and Leigh excluded in Pride's Purge – both seats vacant
1653	Stafford was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament
1654		John Bradshaw		Stafford had only one seat in the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
1656		Martin Noel
January 1659					William Jessop
May 1659	Not represented in the restored Rump
April 1660		John Swinfen			Sir Charles Wolseley
1661		Robert Milward			William Chetwynd
1674		Walter Chetwynd
February 1679					Sir Thomas Armstrong
August 1679		Sir Thomas Wilbraham
1681		Edwin Skrymsher
1685		Walter Chetwynd			Rowland Okeover
1689		Philip Foley			John Chetwynd
1690		Jonathan Cope
1694		Thomas Foley
1695					Philip Foley
January 1701					John Chetwynd
November 1701					John Pershall
July 1702					John Chetwynd
December 1702					Walter Chetwynd[13]
1711					Henry Vernon
1712		1st Viscount Chetwynd
1715					William Chetwynd
1722		Thomas Foley			John Dolphin
1724 by-election					Francis Elde[14]
1725[14]					1st Viscount Chetwynd
1727		Joseph Gascoigne Nightingale
1734		Hon. William Chetwynd 3rd Viscount Chetwynd from 1767			Thomas Foley
1738 by-election					2nd Viscount Chetwynd
1747					John Robins
1754					William Richard Chetwynd
1765 by-election					John Crewe	Whig
1768					Richard Whitworth
1770 by-election		William Neville Hart
1774		Hugo Meynell
1780		Edward Monckton	Tory		Richard Brinsley Sheridan	Whig
1806					Richard Mansel-Philipps	Tory
1812		Ralph Benson			Thomas Wilson
1818		Benjamin Benyon	Whig		Samuel Homfray
1820					Sir George Chetwynd	Whig
June 1826		Richard Ironmonger			Ralph Benson
December 1826 by-election		Thomas Beaumont	Whig
1830		John Campbell	Whig		Thomas Gisborne	Whig
1832		William Fawkener Chetwynd	Whig		Rees Howell Gronow	Whig
January 1835					Sir Francis Goodricke	Conservative
May 1835				Writ suspended – seat left vacant[15]
1837 by-election					Robert Farrand	Conservative
1841		Hon. Swynfen Carnegie	Conservative		Edward Manningham-Buller	Whig
1847		David Urquhart	Conservative		Thomas Sidney	Conservative
1852		John Ayshford Wise	Whig		Arthur Otway	Whig
1857					Viscount Ingestre	Conservative
1859			Liberal		Thomas Salt	Conservative
1860 by-election		Thomas Sidney	Liberal
1865		Michael Bass	Liberal		Walter Meller	Conservative
1868[16]		Henry Davis Pochin	Liberal
1869 by-election		Thomas Salt	Conservative		Hon. Reginald Talbot	Conservative
1874					Alexander Macdonald	Liberal-Labour
1880		Charles McLaren	Liberal
1881 by-election					Thomas Salt	Conservative
1885	Representation reduced to one member

MPs 1885–1918

Election		Member[12]	Party
	1885	Charles McLaren	Liberal
	1886	Thomas Salt	Conservative
	1892	Charles Shaw	Liberal
	1910	Sir Walter Essex	Liberal
	1918	Parliamentary borough abolished. Name transferred to a county division

Stafford division of Staffordshire

MPs 1918–1950

Election		Member[12]	Party
	1918	Hon. William Ormsby-Gore	Coalition Conservative
	1922		Conservative
	1938 by-election	Peter Thorneycroft	Conservative
	1945	Stephen Swingler	Labour

Stafford county constituency

MPs since 1983

Election		Member[12]	Party
	1983	Sir Hugh Fraser	Conservative
	1984 by-election	Bill Cash	Conservative
	1997	David Kidney	Labour
	2010	Jeremy Lefroy	Conservative

Elections

Elections in the 2010s

General Election 2015: Stafford[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Jeremy Lefroy	23,606	48.4	+4.5
	Labour	Kate Godfrey	14,429	29.6	-3.4
	UKIP	Edward Whitfield	6,293	12.9	+9.5
	National Health Action	Karen Howell	1,701	3.5	N/A
	Green	Mike Shone	1,390	2.9	+1.7
	Liberal Democrat	Keith Miller	1,348	2.8	-13.6
Majority			9,177	18.8
Turnout				71
	Conservative hold		Swing	+3.9

General Election 2010: Stafford[18][19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Jeremy Lefroy	22,047	43.9	+4.7
	Labour	David Kidney	16,587	33.0	−10.2
	Liberal Democrat	Barry Stamp	8,211	16.3	+2.0
	UKIP	Roy Goode	1,727	3.4	+0.1
	BNP	Roland Hynd	1,103	2.2	N/A
	Green	Mike Shone	564	1.1	N/A
Majority			5,460	10.9	+6.2
Turnout			50,239	71.2	+4.2
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing	+7.4

Elections in the 2000s

General Election 2005: Stafford[20][21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	David Kidney	19,889	43.7	-4.3
	Conservative	David Chambers	17,768	39.0	+2.4
	Liberal Democrat	Barry Stamp	6,390	14.0	+4.5
	UKIP	Frederick Goode	1,507	3.3	-1.9
Majority			2,121	4.7	-6.7
Turnout			45,554	64.7	-0.6
	Labour hold		Swing	-3.3

General Election 2001: Stafford[22][23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	David Kidney	21,285	48.0	+0.4
	Conservative	Philip A. Cochrane	16,253	36.6	-2.6
	Liberal Democrat	Mrs. Jeanne Pinkerton	4,205	9.5	-1.1
	UKIP	Earl of Bradford	2,315	5.2	N/A
	Rock 'n' Roll Loony	Michael D. Hames	308	0.7	N/A
Majority			5,032	11.4
Turnout			44,366	65.3	-12.2
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1990s

General Election 1997: Stafford[24][25]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	David Kidney	24,606	47.5	+12.6
	Conservative	David Cameron	20,292	39.2	−8.9
	Liberal Democrat	Mrs. Pam A. Hornby	5,480	10.6	−5.9
	Referendum	Stephen R. Culley	1,146	2.2	N/A
	Monster Raving Loony	Ashton A.N. May	248	0.5	N/A
Majority			4,314	8.3
Turnout			51,772	76.6
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing	+10.7

General Election 1992: Stafford[26][27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Bill Cash	30,876	49.9	−1.5
	Labour	David Kidney	19,976	32.3	+11.1
	Liberal Democrat	Jamie M.G. Calder	10,702	17.3	−10.2
	Independent	CA Peat	178	0.3	+0.3
	Natural Law	P.D.M. Lines	176	0.3	+0.3
Majority			10,900	17.6	−6.2
Turnout			61,908	82.9	+3.5
	Conservative hold		Swing	−6.3

Elections in the 1980s

General Election 1987: Stafford[28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Bill Cash	29,541	51.33
	Social Democratic	Colin Phipps	15,834	27.51
	Labour	N. Hafeez	12,177	21.16
Majority			13,707	23.82
Turnout				79.46
	Conservative hold		Swing

Stafford by-election, 1984
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Bill Cash	18,713	40.4	-10.8
	Social Democratic	David Dunn	14,733	31.8	+7.1
	Labour	Michael JD Poulter	12,677	27.4	+3.7
	Independent	Christopher Teasdale	210	0.4	N/A
Majority			3,980	8.6	-17.9
Turnout			46,333	65.6	-10.9
	Conservative hold		Swing
Registered electors			70,635

• Death of Sir Hugh Fraser 6 March 1984

General Election 1983: Stafford[29]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Sir Hugh Fraser	27,639	51.18
	Social Democratic	David Dunn	13,362	24.74
	Labour	Michael JD Poulter	12,789	23.68
	Gizza Job	J Caruso	212	0.39
Majority			14,277	26.55
Turnout				76.52
	Conservative win (new seat)

Election in the 1940s

General Election 1945: Stafford
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Stephen Thomas Swingler	17,293	51.17
	Conservative	George Edward Peter Thorneycroft	16,500	48.83
Majority			793	2.35
Turnout				78.02
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing

Elections in the 1930s

Stafford by-election, 1938
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	George Edward Peter Thorneycroft	16,754	57.6	+1.2
	Labour	Frank G Lloyd	12,346	42.4	-1.2
Majority			4,408	15.2	+2.4
Turnout				77.2	-1.8
	Conservative hold		Swing	+1.2

General Election 1935: Stafford
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Rt Hon. William George Arthur Ormsby-Gore	16,175	56.38
	Labour	Frank G Lloyd	12,514	43.62
Majority			3,661	12.76
Turnout				79.04
	Conservative hold		Swing

General Election 1931: Stafford
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Rt Hon. William George Arthur Ormsby-Gore	18,467	68.13
	Labour	Leonard Smith	8,640	31.87
Majority			9,827	36.25
Turnout				78.49
	Conservative hold		Swing

Elections in the 1920s

General Election 1929: Stafford [30]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Rt Hon. William George Arthur Ormsby-Gore	12,324	45.1
	Labour	Leonard Smith	10,011	36.6
	Liberal	Rev A. S. Leyland	5,000	18.3
Majority			2,313	8.5
Turnout
	Unionist hold		Swing

General Election 1923: Stafford [31]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Hon. William George Arthur Ormsby-Gore	9,823	53.9
	Labour	William Thomas Scott	8,412	46.1
Majority			1,411	7.8
Turnout			18,235
	Unionist hold		Swing

Elections in the 1910s

General Election December 1910 Stafford[32]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Richard Walter Essex	1,992	52.0	+0.9
	Conservative	John Sanctuary Nicholson	1,837	48.0	-0.9
Majority			155	4.0	+1.8
Turnout				92.6	-4.1
	Liberal hold		Swing	+0.9

General Election January 1910 Stafford[32]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Sir Theodore Frederick Charles Edward Shaw	2,042	51.1	-3.2
	Conservative	Reginald Mortimer Higgs Jones Mortimer	1,957	48.9	+3.2
Majority			85	2.2	-6.4
Turnout				96.7	+4.5
	Liberal hold		Swing	-3.2

Elections in the 1900s

General Election 1906 Stafford[32]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Theodore Frederick Charles Edward Shaw	1,947	54.3	+2.6
	Conservative	Samuel Ronald Courthope Bosanquet	1,636	45.7	-2.6
Majority			311	8.6	+5.2
Turnout				92.2	+2.8
	Liberal hold		Swing

Charles Shaw

General Election 1900 Stafford[32]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Theodore Frederick Charles Edward Shaw	1,633	51.7
	Conservative	George Cawston	1,528	48.3
Majority			105	3.4
Turnout				89.4
	Liberal hold		Swing

See also

• Stafford by-election, 1984
• List of Parliamentary constituencies in Staffordshire

Notes and references

Notes

1. A county constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
2. As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.
3. The defeated Conservative candidate in 1997 was David Cameron, who in the next election was elected as the MP for the safe seat of Witney, and became the Conservative Party leader in 2005, and Prime Minister in 2010.

References

1. "Electorate Figures – Boundary Commission for England". 2011 Electorate Figures. Boundary Commission for England. 4 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
2. "'Stafford', June 1983 up to May 1997". ElectionWeb Project. Cognitive Computing Limited. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
3. Unemployment claimants by constituency The Guardian
4. "Tamworth Parliamentary Borough 1275–1832". The Staffordshire Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
5. Wedgwood, Josiah C. (1917). Parliamentary History of Staffordshire, Volume I. William Salt Archaeological Society. p. 74.
6. "History of Parliament". Retrieved 3 October 2011.
7. Cavill. The English Parliaments of Henry VII 1485-1504.
8. "History of Parliament". Retrieved 3 October 2011.
9. "History of Parliament". Retrieved 3 October 2011.
10. Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London|| Thomas Hansard, 1808)
11. Maija Jansson (ed.), Proceedings in Parliament, 1614 (House of Commons) (Philadelphia|| American Philosophical Society, 1988)
12. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "S" (part 4)
13. Chetwynd was initially declared re-elected in 1710, but on petition (in a dispute over the franchise), he was adjudged not have been duly elected and his opponent, Vernon, was seated in his place. (Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (1807), Volume 1, p 177)
14. Elde's opponent, Chetwynd, petitioned against the 1724 result. Elde was "unanimously expelled the House for having offered to compromise the petition against his return", and Chetwynd was seated in his place. (Henry Stooks Smith, The Parliaments of England from 1715 to 1847, Volume 2 (London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co, 1845), p 45)
15. After Goodricke resigned to contest another constituency in May 1835, the House of Commons refused to issue a writ for a new election until February 1837, when the motion to issue a writ was passed by a single vote. (F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885, 2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989, p 283)
16. The 1868 election was declared void on petition and a new election was held – F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885. (F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885, 2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989, p 283)
17. "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
18. "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
19. BBC 2010 General Election Site
20. "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
21. BBC 2005 General Election Site
22. "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
23. BBC 2001 General Election Site
24. "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
25. BBC 1997 General Election Site
26. "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
27. "UK General Election results April 1992". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
28. "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
29. "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
30. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
31. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
32. British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)

Sources

• Craig, F. W. S. (1983) [1969]. British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
• Britain Votes/Europe Votes By-Election Supplement 1983–, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Research Services 1985)
• Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807)
• D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
• Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808)
• Henry Stooks Smith, The Parliaments of England from 1715 to 1847, Volume 2 (London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co, 1845)