United Kingdom general election, 1832

United Kingdom general election, 1832
United Kingdom
8 December 1832–8 January 1833

All 658 seats in the House of Commons
330 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Earl Grey Duke of Wellington Daniel O'Connell
Party Whig Tory Irish Repeal
Leader since 22 November 1830 22 January 1828
Leader's seat Earl Grey Duke of Wellington Dublin City
Seats won 441 175 42
Seat change Increase 71 Decrease 60
Popular vote 554,719 241,284 31,773
Percentage 67.0% 29.2% 3.8%

Colours denote the winning party.

PM before election

Earl Grey
Whig

Subsequent PM

Earl Grey
Whig

1830 election MPs
1831 election MPs
1832 election MPs
1835 election MPs
1837 election MPs

The 1832 United Kingdom general election, the first after the Reform Act, saw the Whigs win a large majority, with the Tories winning less than 30% of the vote.

Parties and leaders at the general election

The Earl Grey had been Prime Minister since 22 November 1830. His headed the first predominantly Whig administration since the Ministry of all the Talents in 1806–1807.

In addition to the Whigs themselves, Grey was supported by Radical and other allied politicians. The Whigs and their allies were gradually coming to be referred to as Liberals, but no formal Liberal Party had been established at the time of this election, so all the politicians supporting the ministry are referred to as Whig in the above results.

The government Leader of the House of Commons since 1830, was Viscount Althorp (the heir of the Earl Spencer), who also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer.

The last Tory Prime Minister, at the time of the 1832 election, was the Duke of Wellington. After leaving government office, Wellington continued to lead the Tory peers and was the overall Leader of the Opposition.

The Tory Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons, was Sir Robert Peel, Bt.

John Wilson Croker had used the term conservative in 1830, but the Tories at the time of this general election had not yet become generally known as the Conservative Party. This distinction would finally take hold after the Liberal Party was officially created.

In Irish politics, Daniel O'Connell was continuing his campaign for repeal of the Act of Union. He had founded the Irish Repeal Association and it presented candidates independent of the two principal parties.

Dates of election

Following the passage of the Reform Act 1832 and related legislation to reform the electoral system and redistribute constituencies, the tenth United Kingdom Parliament was dissolved on 3 December 1832. The new Parliament was summoned to meet on 29 January 1833, for a maximum seven-year term from that date. The maximum term could be and normally was curtailed, by the monarch dissolving the Parliament, before its term expired.

At this period there was not one election day. After receiving a writ (a royal command) for the election to be held, the local returning officer fixed the election timetable for the particular constituency or constituencies he was concerned with. Polling in seats with contested elections could continue for many days.

The general election took place between December 1832 and January 1833. The first nomination was on 8 December, with the first contest on 10 December and the last contest on 8 January 1833. It was usual for polling in the University constituencies and in Orkney and Shetland to take place about a week after other seats. Disregarding contests in the Universities and Orkney and Shetland, the last poll was on 1 January 1833.

Summary of the constituencies

For the distribution of constituencies in the Unreformed House of Commons, before this general election, see the United Kingdom general election, 1831. Apart from the disenfranchisement of Grampound for corruption in 1821 and the transfer of its two seats as additional members for Yorkshire from 1826, there had been no change in the constituencies of England since the 1670s. In some cases the county and borough seats had remained unaltered since the thirteenth century. Welsh constituencies had been unchanged since the sixteenth century. Those in Scotland had remained the same since 1708 and in Ireland since 1801.

In 1832 politicians were facing an unfamiliar electoral map, as well as an electorate including those qualified under a new uniform householder franchise in the boroughs. However the reform legislation had not removed all the anomalies in the electoral system.

Table of largest and smallest electorates 1832, by country, type and number of seats

CountryTypeSeatsLargest
constituency
Largest
electorate
Smallest
constituency
Smallest
electorate
England Borough 1 Salford 1,497 Reigate 153
2 Westminster 11,576 Thetford 146
4 City of London 18,584 ... ...
County 1 Isle of Wight 1,167 ... ...
2 West Riding of Yorkshire 18,056 Rutland 1,296
3 Cambridgeshire 6,435 Oxfordshire 4,721
University 2 Oxford University 2,496 Cambridge University 2,319
Wales Borough 1 Flint Boroughs 1,359 Brecon 242
County 1 Pembrokeshire 3,700 Merionethshire 580
2 Carmarthenshire 3,887 Denbighshire 3,401
Scotland Burgh 1 Aberdeen 2,024 Wigtown Burghs 316
2 Glasgow 6,989 Edinburgh 6,048
County 1 Perthshire 3,180 Sutherland 84
Ireland Borough 1 Carrickfergus 1,024 Lisburn 91
2 Dublin 7,008 Waterford 1,241
County 2 County Cork 3,835 County Kildare 1,112
University 2 Dublin University 2,073 ... ...

Key to categories in the following tables: BC – Borough/Burgh constituencies, CC – County constituencies, UC – University constituencies, Total C – Total constituencies, BMP – Borough/Burgh Members of Parliament, CMP – County Members of Parliament, UMP – University Members of Parliament.

Monmouthshire (1 County constituency with 2 MPs and one single member Borough constituency) is included in Wales in these tables. Sources for this period may include the county in England.

Table 1: Constituencies and MPs, by type and country

Country BC CC UC Total C BMP CMP UMP Total MPs
England 186 68 2 256 322 142 4 468
Wales 15 13 0 28 15 17 0 32
Scotland 21 30 0 51 23 30 0 53
Ireland 33 32 1 66 39 64 2 105
Total 255 143 3 401 399 253 6 658

Table 2: Number of seats per constituency, by type and country

Country BCx1 BCx2 BCx4 CCx1 CCx2 CCx3 UCx2 Total C
England 52 133 1 1 60 7 2 256
Wales 15 0 0 9 4 0 0 28
Scotland 19 2 0 30 0 0 0 51
Ireland 27 6 0 0 32 0 1 66
Total 113 141 1 40 96 7 3 401

Results

United Kingdom general election 1832
Candidates Votes
Party Standing Elected Gained Unseated Net % of total % No. Net %
  Whig 636 441 67.02 67.01 554,719
  Tory 350 175 26.60 29.15 241,284
  Irish Repeal 51 42 6.38 3.84 31,773

Total votes cast: 827,776

PartyCandidatesUnopposedSeats
Whig 636 109 441
Tory 350 66 175
Irish Repeal 51 14 42
Total 1,037 189 658

Voting summary

Popular vote
Whig
 
67.01%
Tory
 
29.15%
Irish Repeal
 
3.84%

Seats summary

Parliamentary seats
Whig
 
67.02%
Tory
 
26.6%
Irish Repeal
 
6.38%


Regional results

Great Britain

Party Seats Seats change Votes % % Change
Whig 408 525,706 71.1
Tory 147 213,254 28.9
Total 555 738,960 100
England
Party Seats Seats change Votes % % Change
Whig 347 474,542 70.8
Tory 117 193,442 29.2
Total 464 667,984 100
Scotland
Party Seats Seats change Votes % % Change
Whig 43 44,003 79.0
Tory 10 9,752 21.0
Total 53 53,755 100
Wales
Party Seats Seats change Votes % % Change
Whig 18 6,348 46.6
Tory 14 7,466 53.4
Total 32 13,814 100

Ireland

Party Seats Seats change Votes % % Change
Irish Repeal 42 31,773 34.6
Whig 33 29,013 33.3
Tory 28 28,030 32.1
Total 103 88,816 100

Universities

Party Seats Seats change Votes % % Change
Tory 6 2,594 76.2
Whig 0 813 23.8
Total 6 3,407 100

See also

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Tuesday, April 12, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.