State Great Khural

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State Great Khural
Улсын Их Хурал
Ulsyn Ikh hural
6th State Great Khural
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
Leadership
Chairman
Vice Chairman
Structure
Seats 76 (List)
Political groups
Elections
Last election
 28 June 2012
Next election
 29 June 2016
Meeting place
Government Palace, Ulaanbaatar
Website
Parliament of Mongolia Website
Mongolia
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Mongolia
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  • Politics portal

The State Great Khural (Mongolian: Улсын Их Хурал, Ulsyn Ikh Hural, also State Great Hural; English: State Great Assembly) is the unicameral parliament of Mongolia.[1] It is located in the Government Palace.

Structure

The State Great Khural of Mongolia is the highest organ of State power and the supreme legislative power. The State Great Khural is unicameral and consists of 76 members elected by the mixed electoral system. With mandate of no less than 57 of total members of the State Great Hural, the parliament shall be considered in existence of its powers. A member of the State Great Hural shall be an envoy of the people and shall represent and uphold the interests of all the citizens and the people. The mandate of a member of the State Great Hural shall begin with an oath taken before the State Emblem and expire when newly elected members of the State Great Hural are sworn in.

All 76 members represent 26 multi-member constituencies, and are elected by bloc vote for a term of four years. The election is only valid if 50% of the electorate vote. Mongolian citizens are allowed to vote from the age of 18 if they live in Mongolia. They may be elected to office at the age of 25.[1] The government is dissolved and new elections are called if the prime minister or half of the ministers in the Cabinet resign.[2] The Hural can also be dissolved if the President dissolves it or if two-thirds of the Hural's members vote for dissolution.[3]

Chairman

The members of parliament elect a chairman from among their own numbers. The chairman executes the roles of the speaker of the legislative[1] as well as deputy of the president, and is ranked second in the hierarchy of the state after the president. The chairperson supervises the sessions of the parliament, and is responsible for its voting procedures. He automatically (ex officio) becomes a member of the National Security Council.

Powers and duties

The State Great Hural draws up new laws in conjunction with the government, and decides on their introduction. The Hural approves the yearly budget. The Hural has the power of declaring war. The parties represented in parliament nominate candidates for the direct election of the president. The Hural validates election of the president. The parliament confirms the prime minister (proposed by the president) and the other ministers. Sessions last a minimum of 75 days.[1] It can override presidential vetoes with a 2/3 majority. A 2/3 majority is also necessary for a change of the constitution.

History

1924–1960

The first Ulsyn Ikh Hural was called to session in November 1924. This body was the legislature of the Mongolian People's Republic. It delegated much of its powers to an executive committee, the Ulsyn Baga Hural (Little Khural). The Great Khural held nine sessions between November 1924 and February 1949. Following electoral reforms in 1951, the numbering of its sessions began again. The first was held in July 1951 and the third in July 1957.[4]

1960–1992

In 1960 a new constitution was adopted and the body was renamed the "People's Great Khural" (Ardyn Ikh Hural), but the sessions were not renumbered. The fourth took place in July 1960 and the last in September 1992. In Russian and Mongolian historiography, the term "People's Great Khural" is frequently extended back to refer to the 1924–60 Khural to distinguish it from the post-1992 State Great Khural.[4]

The first free, democratic and multi-party election in Mongolia was held in 1990. Then the newly elected parliament changed the Constitution, established the State Baga Hural which replaced the People`s Great Hural as the highest legislative body.

The State Baga Hural had 5 standing committees. The Mongolian People`s Revolutionary Party (33), The Mongolian Democratic Party (13), The Mongolian Social Democratic Party (4), The Mongolian National Progressive Party (3) won seats in the parliament. The State Baga Hural adopted 27 new laws, ratified 17 international treaties and conventions as well as made amendments to 19 laws.

1992–1996

The State Great Hural had 10 standing committees (reduced to 6 in 1995). The Mongolian People`s Revolutionary Party (70), The Democratic Union Coalition of the Mongolian Democratic Party, The Mongolian National Progressive Party and the Green Party (4), The Mongolian Social Democratic Party (1) and one independent politician won seats. The State Great Hural adopted 137 laws, made amendments to 142 laws, and repealed 46 laws. The parliament also ratified 40 international treaties and conventions during its term.

1996–2000

The State Great Hural had 5 standing committees in 1996-1997. This increased to 7 standing committees in 1997-2000. The Democratic Union Coalition (50), The Mongolian People`s Revolutionary Party (25), The Mongolian Conservative United Party (1) won seats in the parliament. The State Great Hural adopted 173 new laws, made amendments to 255 laws and repealed 32 laws. The parliament also ratified 71 international treaties and conventions.

2000–2004

The State Great Hural had 7 standing committees. The Mongolian People`s Revolutionary Party (72), The Democratic Union Coalition (1), The Civil Will Party – The Mongolian Green Party (1), The Motherland – The Mongolian Democratic New Socialist Party (1), one independent won a seat in the parliament. The State Great Hural adopted 140 new laws, made amendments to 443 laws, and repealed 51 laws. The parliament also ratified 110 international treaties and conventions.

2004–2008

The State Great Hural had 11 standing committees as well as 8 subcommittees in 2004-2006. The number of standing committees was reduced to 7 in 2006. The seven political parties and a coalition of three parties participated in the election. The Mongolian People`s Revolutionary Party (37), the Motherland and Democracy Union (35), The Republican Party (1) and 3 independents won seats in the parliament. The State Great Hural adopted 89 new laws, made amendments to 336 laws. The parliament also ratified 38 international treaties and conventions as well as repealed 50 laws.

2008–2012

The State Great Hural had 7 standing committees and 11 subcommittees. The Mongolian People`s Revolutionary Party (46), The Democratic Party (27), The Civil Will Party (1)8 The Green Party (1) and 1 independent won the seats in the parliament. The State Great Hural adopted 111 new laws and made amendments to 485 laws. The parliament also ratified 59 international treaties and conventions as well as repealed 70 laws.

2012–2016

The State Great Hural had 8 standing committees and 10 subcommittees. The Democratic Party (34), The Mongolian People`s Party (26), The Justice Coalition of the Mongolian People`s Revolutionary Party – The Mongolian National Democratic Party (11), The Civil Will Party – The Green Party (2), and 3 independents won seats in the parliament. For the first time, the legislative election was held on the mixed election system by the new law. 48 seats were elected directly from 26 constituencies and 28 seats were proportionally allocated based on the number votes which the political parties won. For the first time in Mongolia, electronic voting machines were used for voter registration, vote counting and monitoring purposes.

List of Chairmen

Year Chairman Status
1990-1992 Radnaasumberel GONGHIGDORJ State Baga Khural and Vice President
1992-1996 Natsag BAGABANDI State Great Khural
1996-2000 Radnaasumberel GONGHIGDORJ State Great Khural
2000-2001 Lkhamsuren ENEBISH State Great Khural
2001-2004 Sanjbegz TUMUR-OCHIR State Great Khural
2004-2005 Nambar ENKHBAYAR State Great Khural
2005-2007 Tsend NYAMDORJ State Great Khural
2007-2008 Danzan LUNDEEJANTSAN State Great Khural
2008-2012 Damdin DEMBEREL State Great Khural
2012-2016 Zandaakhuu ENKHBOLD State Great Khural

Procedure

The first session

The president shall convoke the first session of the State Great Hural within 30 days following the elections.

The regular session

The autumn regular session of the State Great Hural shall be convened from the 1st of October to the 10th of February. The spring regular session of the State Great Hural shall be convened from the 5th of April to the 1st of July.

The extraordinary session

The extraordinary sessions may be convened at the demand of more than one third of the members of the State Great Hural, or from the initiative of the president and the chairman of the State Great Hural.

The emergency session

In the case of the proclamation by the president of a state of emergency or war, the State Great Hural shall be convened for an emergency session within 72 hours.

Organization of sessions

The Plenary Session

The presence of a majority of 76 members or at least 39 members of the State Great Hural shall be required to consider a plenary session valid. The plenary sessions shall be held on Thursday and Friday each week.

The Honorary Session

The honorary session of the State Great Hural shall be convened for the celebration of anniversaries related with Mongolia`s independence and sovereignty, or for foreign dignitaries to give speeches for the plenary sessions. The Chairman of the State Great Hural shall convoke the honorary session.

Committees

The State Great Hural shall have standing committees dealing with specific fields of public policy. The Standing committees are composed of 10-19 members and shall be convened on Tuesday and Wednesday each week. The subcommittee is affiliated with and deals with specific issues within the standing committee. The State Great Hural shall set up temporary committees for reviewing specific issues, making proposals and submitting reports to the plenary sessions.

Party groups and coalitions

Any political party or coalition, which won above 8 seats, shall be required to set up party group. The meeting of party groups shall be convened on Monday each week.

Legislation

The Law Initiators The Chairman of the State Great Hural – To submit the draft to the General Secretary for review – The Legal Service Department Corresponding Standing committees

The Standing committee shall make decisions whether to submit the draft for discussion or not To submit the draft to plenary session of the State Great Hural or not To send the draft to standing committee for the preparation of the first discussion To prepare the draft for the first discussion at the standing committees To conduct the first discussion of the draft at the plenary session of the State Great Hural To send the draft back to the standing committees for the preparation of the final discussion To prepare for the final discussion at the standing committees To conduct the first discussion at the plenary session of the State Great Hural To adopt the draft of laws and other decisions To introduce final versions of legislations to the plenary session of the State Great Hural To be signed by President of Mongolia To publish legislations in “State Information Bulletin”

Lawmaking process

The First Stage

The party and coalition groups or standing committees shall make proposals or decisions whether to submit the legislation draft for the discussion at the plenary sessions of the State Great Hural or not. The Plenary session of the State Great Hural shall decide whether to discuss legislation drafts or not. If the State Great Hural decides to discuss legislation drafts, it shall send the drafts to standing committees to prepare for the first discussion. If the State Great Hural decides not to discuss legislation drafts, it shall send the drafts back to its initiators.

The Second Stage

The standing committee shall prepare a legislation draft for the first discussion and shall submit its proposal and conclusion to the State Great Hural. At this stage, party and coalition groups are allowed to make comments about the draft. Opinions and proposals of all parties shall be included in the standing committee conclusions. After the voting at the plenary session, drafts shall be sent back to the standing committees for the preparation of the final discussion.

The Third Stage

The standing committees shall include conclusions from the first discussion to the original draft and shall make presentations about the first discussion. The standing committees shall make the introduction of a draft to the State Great Hural. At this stage, the standing committees are allowed to request a re-voting regarding the draft. The draft shall be discussed, voted and fully adopted by the State Great Hural. If the draft is not fully adopted, it shall be sent back to the law initiators.

The standing committees shall prepare the final versions of the legislation drafts and other resolutions of the State Great Hural. The standing committees shall make the introduction of the final versions of the legislation and other resolutions to the State Great Hural. After the introduction of the final versions of the legislations and other resolutions at the State Great Hural, the Chairman of the State Great Hural shall sign the final versions within three working days. The signed legislations and other resolutions of the State Great shall be submitted to the President of Mongolia within 24 hours. If the president vetoes the legislations, the issue shall be discussed again at the State Great Hural. The legislation shall be considered valid after the publication of the legislations in the “State Information” bulletin.

List of Chairmen of the Secretariat of the State Great Hural

Year Chairman Status
1990-1992 Byaraa CHIMED The Secretary of the State Baga Hural & The Chairman of the Secretariat of the State Great Khural
1992-1996 Namsrai RENCHINDORJ The Chairman of the Secretariat of the State Great Khural
1996-1999 Log TSOG The Chairman of the Secretariat of the State Great Khural
1999-2001 Baasangombo ENEBISH The Chairman of the Secretariat of the State Great Khural
2001-2003 Dagdankhuu BATBAATAR The Chairman of the Secretariat of the State Great Khural
2003-2008 Namsraijav LUVSANJAV The Chairman of the Secretariat of the State Great Khural
2008/05/20 til
2008/09/25		 Danzan SANDAG-OCHIR The Chairman of the Secretariat of the State Great Khural
2008-2012 Tserenkhuu SHARAVDORJ The Chairman of the Secretariat of the State Great Khural
2012-present Byambadorj BOLDBAATAR The Chairman of the Secretariat of the State Great Khural

Executives of the Secretariat of the State Great Hural

The Research and Analysis Department of the Secretariat of the State Great Hural has been publishing the bulletin “The Policy Research and Analysis”.

Citizens visiting the plenary session hall of the State Great Hural The Department of Press and Public Relations of the Secretariat of the State Great Hural has been publishing “The State Information” bulletin since 1991. The department provides citizens, public and parliamentary journalists with books, bulletins and brochures containing information about the State Great Hural.

The Development Information Center was established in the Library of the State Great Hural in 2010. The center provides the public with information related to the World Bank`s activity and projects in Mongolia.

There is a room for parliamentary journalists in the northeast wing of the State Palace, The room is equipped with modern information technology, thus enabling journalists to write and send out their stories quickly. The Department of Press and Public Relations of the Secretariat of the State Great Hural gives journalists and cameramen special permission to enter the State Palace based on the name list submitted by their respective media organizations.

Latest election

  Summary of the 28 June 2012 Mongolian State Great Khural election results
Party Constituency Party list Total
seats		 +/– Votes summary
Seats +/− Seats +/− Votes % +/−
Democratic Party 24 Decrease6 10 Increase10 34 Increase4 399,194 35.32% +35.32
Mongolian People's Party 17 Decrease26 9 Increase9 26 Decrease20 353,839 31.31% +31.31
Justice Coalition (MPRP and MNDP) 4 Increase4 7 Increase7 11 Increase11 252,077 22.31% +22.31
Civil Will–Green Party 0 Decrease2 2 Increase2 2 Steady 62,310 5.51% +5.51
Independents 3 Increase2 0 Steady 3 Increase2 – – –
Totals 48 Steady 28 Steady 76 Steady 1,198,086 100% –
Registered voters/turnout1,833,47865.24%–
Source: General Election Commission of Mongolia, UB Post Mongolia Today News.mn Revote (News.mn)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Montsame News Agency. Mongolia. 2006, Foreign Service office of Montsame News Agency, ISBN 99929-0-627-8, p. 40
  2. ↑ Montsame News Agency. Mongolia. 2006, Foreign Service office of Montsame News Agency, ISBN 99929-0-627-8, p. 47
  3. ↑ Montsame News Agency. Mongolia. 2006, Foreign Service office of Montsame News Agency, ISBN 99929-0-627-8, p. 41
  4. 1 2 Alan J. K. Sanders (ed.), "Hural, Little" and "Hural, State Little", in Historical Dictionary of Mongolia, 2nd ed. (Scarecrow Press, 2003), p. 161.

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