Stavangersk
| Stavangersk | |
|---|---|
| Region | Stavanger |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
Stavangersk, Stavanger dialect or Stavanger Norwegian (Norwegian: Stavangersk, Stavanger-dialekt (Bokmål) or Stavangerdialekt (Nynorsk)) is a dialect of Norwegian used in Stavanger.
It is close to Nynorsk, yet the official written language of the Stavanger municipality is Bokmål.
Phonology
Consonants
- /n, t, d, l/ are alveolar [n, t, d, l].[1]
- As in Bergen and Oslo, younger speakers of the Stavanger dialect tend to merge /ç/ with /ʃ/.[2]
- /r/ is realized as a voiced uvular continuant, either a fricative [ʁ] or an approximant [ʁ̞]. It can be voiceless [χ] before a voiceless consonant or a pause.[3]
Vowels
- Long ⟨o⟩ (phonetically [uː]) and long ⟨u⟩ (phonetically [ʉː]) can be strongly diphthongized to, respectively, [əu] and [əʉ].[4]
- Short ⟨o⟩ is near-close central [ʊ̈].[4]
- Short ⟨u⟩ and long ⟨å⟩ are close-mid advanced back [o̟, o̟ː].[4]
- Short ⟨å⟩ is open-mid central [ɞ].[5]
- Long ⟨a⟩ is back [ɑː].[5]
- Short ⟨a⟩ has the quality of the cardinal vowel [a], which is the most anterior realization of this vowel in Norway.[5]
- The diphthong ⟨ai⟩ has a front starting point [æi].[6]
| Starting point | Ending point | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | ||
| unrounded | rounded | rounded | |
| Mid | ei | øy | øʉ |
Tonemes
Phonetic realization
Phonetically, the tonemes of the Stavanger dialect are the same as those of Central Standard Swedish; accent 1 is falling, whereas accent 2 is double falling.[8][9]
References
- ↑ Vanvik (1979), pp. 30–31, 34 and 36.
- ↑ Kristoffersen (2000), p. 23.
- ↑ Vanvik (1979), p. 38.
- 1 2 3 Vanvik (1979), p. 18.
- 1 2 3 Vanvik (1979), p. 17.
- ↑ Vanvik (1979), p. 22.
- ↑ Ims (2010), p. 15.
- ↑ Kristoffersen (2000), p. 238.
- ↑ Ophaug (2014), p. 59.
Bibliography
- Ims, Charlotte Sol (2010), Sandnes i skyggen av Stavanger - en sociolingvistisk undersøkelse av Sandnes-mål med utgangspunkt i utvalgte språklige variabler (PDF), Adger: Universitetet i Adger
- Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5
- Ophaug, Wencke (2014), EXFAC Fonetikk og fonologi (PDF)
- Vanvik, Arne (1979), Norsk fonetikk, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, ISBN 82-990584-0-6
Further reading
- Berntsen, Mandius; Larsen, Amund B. (1925), Stavanger Bymål, Oslo: Aschehoug
- Rasch, Jacob (1957), Norsk ordsamling - Stavanger 1698, Universitetsforlaget, ISBN 9788200180098
- Svedsen, Martin (1931), Syntaksen i Stavanger bymål, Oslo: Aschehoug
- Westerlund, Selmer Ernst (1927), Den musikalske aksent i Stavangermålet, Oslo: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi
External links
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