Stojan Čupić

For Bajaga i Instruktori album, see Zmaj od Noćaja (album).
Stojan Čupić

Lithograph
Nickname(s) "the Dragon of Noćaj"
Born ca. 1765
Piva, Sanjak of Herzegovina
(modern Montenegro)
Died 1815
Zvornik, Sanjak of Zvornik
(modern Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Allegiance Serbian Revolutionaries (1804–15)
Years of service 1804–15
Rank vojvoda (general)
Unit Mačva
Battles/wars

Stojan Čupić (pronounced [stɔ̌jan tʃûpitɕ], Serbian Cyrillic: Стојан Чупић; ca. 1765–1815), also known as "the Dragon of Noćaj" (Zmaj od Noćaja; pronounced [zmâj ɔd nɔ̌tɕaja]), was a Serbian revolutionary general (vojvoda), one of the most important commanders of the First Serbian Uprising. He was active in the Mačva region.

Early life

Born in Piva, in the Sanjak of Herzegovina (now in Montenegro), his original surname was Dobrilović (Добриловић).[1] He was brought up in Salaš Crnobarski (at that time known as Ali-Agin Salaš[2]) in Mačva in the Sanjak of Smederevo (now in Serbia), where he was schooled.[3] He lived with his grandfather, Todor "Toda", his parents being dead.[3] His grandfather was a chieftain in his home village, but moved for an unknown reason to Serbia, leaving his sons back home.[2] The sons died, so Stojan and his three older sisters went to live with grandfather Toda.[4] Strahinja Čupić, a rich man without children from Salaš Noćajski, adopted Stojan when he was a boy, and brought him up "as though he was of his own blood".[3] His adoptive father found a girl for him, and he married, so that he could inherit.[4] Stojan worked in trade.[3]

Career

Further information: First Serbian Uprising

Stojan Čupić first met Karađorđe, a pig trader and Austrian veteran, somewhere in the Valjevo nahija in 1804.[3] In 1805, Stojan began assembling his own band (among whom were Zeka Buljubaša[5]), which closed off roads in Mačva by the Drina river, and dug trenches from Zasavica to the Sava – from where he attacked Turks crossing the Drina.[3] He quickly became a local hero, feared by the Turks.[3]

At the end of July 1806, the Vizier with 45,000 soldiers dispatched from Šabac heading for Belgrade.[3] At the same time, Karađorđe had left the Morava with 8–9,000 soldiers and awaited the Ottoman force on the field of Mišar.[3] The Serb rebels destroyed the Ottomans in the battle; the decimated Ottoman troops were forced to retreat to Šabac, from where they would leave for Bosnia.[3] Čupić, who participated in the battle, hurried to Mačva to intercept the fleeing Ottoman troops; near Drenovac he cut down acclaimed Mula of Sarajevo.[3]

Along with Karađorđe and other notable commanders, he participated at the bloody Battle of Loznica (1810), which left many Turks dead.[3] He was wounded during battle, but still managed to save Cincar-Janko's life, about to be slewn by an armoured Turk soldier.[3]

In the beginning of September 1813, the Serbian rebels were defeated at Ravnje, by a strong Ottoman force commanded by French officers.[3] The rebels were forced to retreat; Čupić swam over the Zasavica and arrived at Šabac, where he together with his blood brother, vojvoda Luka Lazarević, started organizing the defence of the city.[3] When the Ottomans assembled a very large force outside the city, the rebel soldiers run asunder, leaving the commanders, who concluded that it was impossible to defend the city.[3] Luka Lazarević sent his family to Syrmia, while he, Čupić, and their men descended the Sava to Zabrežje, from where they crossed the Sava into Austrian territory (Military Frontier), in order to save their lives.[6] As other commanders, he found refuge in Syrmia.[7] However, after a short period of time, he returned to Mačva, staying in the forests.[7]

There are several stories about his death:[8]

Aftermath

Obrenović became the supreme leader of the Second Serbian Uprising. Čupić left a son, Toma, and two daughters, Vasilija and Tomanija "Toka", after him.[9] His son had seven children, all of whom died before him.[9] The daughters married in Šabac.[9] According to Konstantin Nenadović, contemporary authors, such as Moler, Radič and Cukić, tried to hide the truth about Čupić's death, and fabricated a story that Čupić had turned himself over to the Turks.[9]

Character

Čupić was tall, with a slender waist, wide shoulders, mid-boned, and had strong muscles and long fingers.[9] He had a long face, and a large brown moustache.[9] At the time of his death he was about 50 years old, without gray hair.[9] He was very talkative, and held long speeches on many assemblies in Belgrade.[10] He was just in trials, and a friend of the poor.[10] He wore armour and a steel helmet.[10] He rode the best horses, his favourite being a dark bay horse called "Pejza" (who is also the theme of a poem).[11] He was described as usually quick, both in thinking and execution, and undeniably heroic.[7]

Legacy

Statue in front of a Serbian Orthodox church in Salaš Noćajski.

Stojan Čupić distinguished himself at the battles of Mišar (1806); Glavica in Bosnia, where he also saved Cincar-Janko's life; Klenje; Bajina Bašta, when he also dueled beg Zulumbić in Bosnia; and Crnobarski Salaš, about which Filip Višnjić authored a poem.[12] He was dubbed the "the Dragon of Noćaj" in the epic poetry due to his quick-thinking and heroism.[7]

A statue has been erected in his honour in front of the church in Salaš Noćajski. There are several streets named after him, such as in Belgrade, Niš, and others. An annual cultural festival named after him is held at Salaš Noćajski.[13] A relative of his has planned to recreate the church he founded in 1811 in the village (2009).[14] His clothing and weapons are at display in the Museum in Šabac.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Nenadović 1903, p. 657.
  2. 1 2 Milićević 1888, p. 834.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Nenadović 1903, p. 658.
  4. 1 2 Milićević 1888, p. 835.
  5. ↑ Gavrilović 1904, p. 111.
  6. ↑ Nenadović 1903, pp. 658–659.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Milićević 1888, p. 837.
  8. ↑ Milošević 1999.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nenadović 1903, p. 659.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Milićević 1888, p. 838.
  11. ↑ Milićević 1888, p. 839.
  12. ↑ Milićević 1888, p. 836.
  13. ↑ http://tosmomi.rs/strana/1432. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. ↑ http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/99738/Zaduzbina-Zmaju-od-Nocaja. Missing or empty |title= (help)

Sources

External links

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