Suboptimal health

Suboptimal health status (SHS),[1] or subhealth[2] or sub-health(Chinese: 亚健康), can be defined as a state characterized by some disturbances in psychological behaviors or physical characteristics, or in some indices of medical examination, with no typical pathologic features[2]. It is considered as a therapeutic working concept which defines an intermediate stage between health and disease, which is not quite either status.[2][3] Human persons who are sub-healthy have any of a range of uncomfortable symptoms but without any obvious and diagnosable illnesses which can be identified through standard medical observation methods. This concept was first presented as "the third state" by the scholar of former Soviet Union, Berkman, in the mid-1980s.[4] It is also interpreted as different terms like "intermediate state", "grey state" or "a general malaise". Sub-health is a term which is widely used by Chinese people, or in connection with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).[5] Some feel that the notion of SHS has been invented to sell people medical products.[6]

Signs and symptoms

Signs and symptoms considered indicators of SHS include aches, chronic fatigue, indigestion, sleep disorders, congestion, nervousness, distraction, nausea, and poor mood.[7][8]

Diagnosis[2]

The criteria for diagnosis of subhealth was defined as the presence of ≥ 1 of the following abnormalities: body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 or waist circumference ≥ 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women; systolic pressure 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure 80-89 mmHg; serum triglyceride level ≥ 150 mg/dL and/or total cholesterol level ≥ 200 mg/dL and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level < 40 mg/dL in men and 50 mg/dL in women; serum glucose level 110–125 mg/dL; estimated glomerular filtration rate 60-89 ml/min/1.73 m2; levels of liver enzymes in liver function tests between 41-59 U/L, or with fatty liver disease but < 33% of affected hepatocytes; levels of oxidative stress biomarkers beyond the reference range of 95%; or problems with both sleep quality and psychological state.[2]

Population Health Status

Despite significant advances in medicine and public health, suboptimal health persists. Understanding health on a population level is an approach that seeks to improve the health of an entire population or subpopulation, to unravel variations in health outcomes, and to identify effective strategies for reducing or eliminating inequities both within and between population groups. Any foundation for understanding population health considers: 1) how population health is defined and measured; 2) the biological, behavioral, cultural, social, and environmental determinants of population health; 3) the role of healthcare and economic decision-making in population health; 4) and intervention and policy strategies for improving population health.

The parameters of measuring what we term 'health' and 'wellness' is a matter of ongoing health research and debate. Definition of terms is foundational, covering alternative medicine, workforce wellness, freedom from disease, and the U.N. definition of the highest achievable standard of individual and population well-being.

Engineers have proposed digital, handheld methods for many of those individuals to closely monitor their own health conditions, hoping to get need demands of both SHS groups and aging populations. Such a proposed healthcare system, which can provide self-monitoring of one's health status, early warning of disease, and even an instant report of the physiological signal analysis for individuals, is becoming more and more popular among many Chinese persons for whom it could be made available, in part because its theoretical foundations are based in traditional Chinese medicine.[9][10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Wang, Wei; Yuxiang Yan (2012). "Suboptimal health: a new health dimension for translational medicine". Clinical and Translational Medicine 1 (1): 28. doi:10.1186/2001-1326-1-28. ISSN 2001-1326.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Li, Guolin; Fuxia Xie; Siyu Yan; Xiaofei Hu; Bo Jin; Jun Wang; Jinfeng Wu; Dazhong Yin; Qingji Xie (2013). "Subhealth: definition, criteria for diagnosis and potential prevalence in the central region of China". BMC Public Health 13 (1): 446. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-446. ISSN 1471-2458.
  3. ↑ Cui, Hai-Zhen; Li-Min Wang; Xin Zhao; Yue-Yun Liu; Shao-Xian Wang; Xiao-Hong Li; You-Ming Jiang; Jia-Xu Chen (2013). "Metabonomics-Based Study of Clinical Urine Samples in Suboptimal Health with Different Syndromes". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013: 1–7. doi:10.1155/2013/509134. ISSN 1741-427X. PMC 3562683. PMID 23401715.
  4. ↑ Health Management of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Help You Get Rid of Sub-health
  5. ↑ Cai, Lang (1 August 2011). "Beijing United - Sub-health". United Family Healthcare. Retrieved 18 April 2014. External link in |publisher= (help)
  6. ↑ Huáng, Jiànshǐ (April 2010). 世上本无"亚健康" 只因此词有"金砖" (in Chinese). Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  7. ↑ Lin, Alyssa (4 June 2013). "97% HK citizens suffer from "suboptimal health" symptoms: survey". Asia Pacific Daily. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  8. ↑ "Suboptimal Health Survey" (PDF). EPMA Journal. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  9. ↑ [H. Ding, J. He, and W. Wang, "The sub-health evaluation based on the modern diagnostic technique of traditional Chinese medicine," in Proc. Workshop Edu. Technol. Comput. Sci., Shanghai, China, Mar. 7–8, 2009, pp. 269–273.]
  10. ↑ Wang W, Yan YX, Suboptimal health: a new health dimension for translational medicine

External links

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