South Sumatra

South Sumatra Province Provinsi Sumatera Selatan سوماتيرا سلاتن
Province
Grand Mosque, Palembang
Flag Seal
Motto: Bersatu Teguh (Indonesian) (Strength in Unity)
Location of South Sumatra in Indonesia
Coordinates: 2°45′S 103°50′E / 2.750°S 103.833°ECoordinates: 2°45′S 103°50′E / 2.750°S 103.833°E
Country	Indonesia
Established	September 12, 1950
Capital	Palembang
Government
• Governor	Alex Noerdin (Golkar)
• Vice Governor	Ishak Mekki
Area
• Total	91,592.43 km^2 (35,364.03 sq mi)
Population (2015)
• Total	10,675,862
• Density	120/km^2 (300/sq mi)
Demographics
• Ethnic groups	Malay (34.37%), Javanese (27.01%), Komering (5.68%), Sundanese (2.45%), Chinese (1.1%), Minangkabau (0.94%), Others (28.45%) [1]
• Religion	Islam (96%), Christianity (1.7%), Buddhism (1.8%), Others (0.5%)[2]
• Languages	Indonesian, Palembang Malay, Col, Kubu, Komering
Time zone	WIB (UTC+7)
Vehicle registration	BG
HDI	0.667 (Medium)
HDI rank	22nd (2014)
Website	www.sumselprov.go.id

South Sumatra Province (Indonesian: Provinsi Sumatera Selatan; Jawi: سوماتيرا سلاتن‎) is a province of Indonesia. It is located in the southern part of Sumatra Island, east of the Bukit Barisan Mountains. It spans 91,592.43 km² (35,364 sq mi) and had a population of 7,450,394 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate is 10,675,862 (as at May 2015). The capital of the province is Palembang.

History

Prehistoric era

Relics found in Kotaraya Lembak Megalithic Site

South Sumatra has been settled by humans since the Palaeolithic era. The evidence of those settlements is proven by some discoveries of Palaeolithic tools in the riverbed of Saling and Kikim rivers in Bungamas Village, Lahat Regency. Seventy eight skeletons dating back to 3,000-14,000 years ago, presumably of Austronesian and Austromelanesoid race have been excavated from the site of Harimau Cave in Padang Bindu Village, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency.^[3] Relics of seven stone chambers believed to be about 2,500 years old were found near a coffee plantation in Kotaraya Lembak, Lahat Regency.^[4] Around 300 BC, the Deutero-Malay people arrived in this region and pushed the native people inland.

Srivijaya era

Around 7th century AD, an ancient Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya was established in an area known today as Palembang. It once controlled a large part of what is now Indonesia, Malaysia and Southern Thailand, effectively ruled the Malacca Strait, and controlled the trade in that region. In 1025, it was defeated by the Chola Empire (during the period of Emperor Rajendra Chola I) of southern India.^[5][6] Srivijaya's capital eventually moved northward to Jambi. After its eventual fall in 14th century AD, some small kingdoms were established in South Sumatra. However, there was virtually a power vacuum in the region since there was no prominent power to hold the region except for the waning Majapahit Empire, itself centered in Java island. The vacuum allowed pirates to flourish in the region.

Palembang Sultanate, Dutch, and World War II

In the 16th century AD, the Palembang Sultanate was established by Ki Gede Ing Suro, a politician who fled from Demak Sultanate. Clashes with the Dutch had occurred since the 17th century until the sultanate was abolished in 1825 when the Dutch gave a final blow to the final Sultan of Palembang, Sultan Ahmad Najamuddin. Southern Sumatra was occupied by the Japanese in January 15, 1942 after the Battle of Palembang in World War II.^[7]

After independence

After the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, South Sumatra became a part of Sumatra Province as a residency with Adnan Kapau Gani as the resident. On January 1, 1947, the Dutch tried to gain its sovereignty over South Sumatra by invading Palembang. Since then, fighting ensued across South Sumatra until Indonesia's independence was recognized by the Dutch on December 27, 1949. The area occupied by the Netherlands in South Sumatra was incorporated into South Sumatra State under the United States of Indonesia until the disbandment of the union and the founding of the republic. On September 12, 1950, South Sumatra province was established with a territory much larger than it is today, as it encompassed several provinces that were eventually given autonomy: Lampung was carved from the southern part of the province in 1964, Bengkulu from the coastal western part of the province in 1967, and Bangka Belitung from the titular islands on December 4, 2000.^[8]

Geography

The province is located in the southeastern portion of the island of Sumatra. The majority of its area consists of low-lying plains filled with plantations, forest, marshes and mangroves in coastal areas. The natural environment of South Sumatra is hot and humid tropical rain forest, however most of these forest has been cleared out to make way for palm oil plantation. The Bukit Barisan mountain range is located on the western edge of the province and forms the border with the neighbouring Bengkulu province. The mountains are the source of river systems that drain eastward to the Bangka Strait and South China Sea. The largest among these rivers is Musi River, the longest river in Sumatra.

The administrative area of the province borders the provinces of Lampung to the south, Bengkulu to the west, and Jambi to the north. Off the east coast are the islands of Bangka and Belitung, which were split from South Sumatra province to form the new province of Bangka-Belitung in 2000.

The climate of South Sumatra is quite suitable for palm oil industries, including palm estate and rubber industries.

Demographics

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1971	3,440,573	—
1980	4,629,801	+34.6%
1990	6,363,074	+37.4%
1995	7,207,545	+13.3%
2000	6,899,675	−4.3%
2010	7,450,394	+8.0%
2014	7,996,535	+7.3%
Source: Statistics Indonesia 2010

According to a 2015 estimate, South Sumatra has a population of 10,675,862. Its population had tripled from 1971 to 2015, not counting the population lost due to the creation of Bangka Belitung province in 2000.

The province has no clear ethnic dominance, though the indigenous Musi-speaking Malays have a plurality, followed by the Javanese, most of whom recent migrants from Java as part of the government-sanctioned transmigration project created to balance the population, especially from the highly overpopulated Java island; as a result, Javanese is also widely spoken and understood, especially in area with high population of transmigrant, for example Belitang. Forming the next largest group is the other Malayan-speaking populations as well as the Komering, a distinct Malayo-Polynesian people related to the native Lampungese from neighboring Lampung. Minangkabau, Chinese, and Sundanese also form minorities in the province.

Religion

The people of the province, as with other parts of Sumatra with the exception of Bangka Belitung and North Sumatra provinces, overwhelmingly follow the Shafi'i school of law of Sunni Islam. The religion is mainly adopted by the ethnic Malays, Javanese, Minangkabau, and Sundanese, though with a slightly different flavor: the ethnic Malays and Minangkabau follow a modernist principle with little indigenous syncretism equivalent to the "mainstream" branch followed by the other Muslim-majority countries, while the migrants from Java follow a traditionalist interpretation highly accented with pre-Islam beliefs.

Other minority religions are also practiced; the Chinese primarily follow Mahayana Buddhism and Christianity.

Administrative divisions

The capital of South Sumatra province is Palembang. As at 2010 this province was divided into eleven regencies (kabupaten) and four autonomous cities (kota), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and according to the latest (January 2014) estimates.

Name	Area (km^2)	Population Census 2010	Population Estimate 2014	Capital
Lubuk Linggau City	419.80	201,217	216,064	Lubuklinggau
Pagar Alam City	570.16	126,363	135,431	Pagaralam
Palembang City	374.03	1,452,840	1,561,959	Palembang
Prabumulih City	421.62	161,814	173,857	Prabumulih
Banyuasin Regency	12,142.73	749,107	805,096	Pangkalan Balai
East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency (Ogan Komering Ulu Timur)	3,410.15	609,715	654,696	Martapura
Empat Lawang Regency	2,556.44	220,694	237,389	Tebing Tinggi
Lahat Regency	4,076.06	370,146	397,094	Lahat
Muara Enim Regency	8,587.94^1	717,717^1	769,211^1	Muara Enim
Musi Banyuasin Regency	14,477.00	562,584	602,615	Sekayu
Musi Rawas Regency	12,134.57^2	524,919^2	564,030^2	Muara Beliti
North Musi Rawas Regency (Musi Rawas Utara)	^2	^2	^2	Rupit
Ogan Ilir Regency	2,513.09	380,861	408,826	Indralaya
Ogan Komering Ilir Regency	17,058.32	726,659	780,695	Kayuagung
Ogan Komering Ulu Regency	2,772.56	323,420	347,799	Baturaja
Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency	^1	^1	^1	Talang Ubi
South Ogan Komering Ulu Regency (Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan)	5,493.94	318,345	341,770	Muara Dua

• Note: ¹ Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency used to be a part of Muara Enim Regency and is still counted as part of it for statistical purposes.
• Note: ² North Musi Rawas Regency used to be a part of Musi Rawas Regency and is still counted as part of it for statistical purposes.

Mining

The coal deposits of South Sumatra amount to 22.24 billion tons or 48.45 percent of the total national reserves. The province also has 4.18 trillion standard cubic feet of natural gas and 757.4 standard cubic feet of natural oil.^[9]

References

1. Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003.
2. "Sensus Penduduk 2010 Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Menurut Agama Yang dianut" [2010 South Sumatra Census]. sp2010.bps.go.id (in Indonesian). 2010.
3. http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2014/10/prehistoric-mother-and-child-burial.html
4. http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/76911/prehistoric-artifacts-found-in-s-sumatra
5. Early kingdoms of the Indonesian archipelago and the Malay Peninsula by Paul Michel Munoz p.161
6. Cengage Advantage Books: The Earth and Its Peoples by Richard Bulliet,Pamela Crossley,Daniel Headrick,Steven Hirsch,Lyman Johnson p.182
7. http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/palembang.html
8. Sejarah Sumatera Selatan
9. Indian investor to build railroad track in S Sumatra

External links

• Audit Board of South Sumatera