Temora, New South Wales

Temora
New South Wales

Temora Court House, constructed in 1902
Temora
Coordinates 34°26′0″S 147°32′0″E / 34.43333°S 147.53333°E / -34.43333; 147.53333Coordinates: 34°26′0″S 147°32′0″E / 34.43333°S 147.53333°E / -34.43333; 147.53333
Population 3,874 (2011 census)[1]
Postcode(s) 2666
Elevation 302 m (991 ft)
Location
LGA(s) Temora Shire
County Bland
Parish Bundawarrah
State electorate(s) Cootamundra
Federal Division(s) Riverina
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
22.3 °C
72 °F		 8.8 °C
48 °F		 529.5 mm
20.8 in

Temora /təˈmɔːrə/[3] is a town in the north-east of the Riverina area of New South Wales, 418 kilometres (260 mi) south-west of the state capital, Sydney. At the 2011 census the urban population of Temora was 3,874.[1] The name "Temora" is derived from a Celtic term, which means "an eminence commanding a wide view."

Temora has been reported as being the friendliest town in New South Wales, following a series of mentions in the Sydney Morning Herald's Column 8, which organised a bus trip to the town for Sydney readers in 2005.[4]

Temora was named by John Donald McCansh. In September 1880 he told the Warwick Argus: “I took up the country for a sheep run in 1847, my sole companion being Valentine Lawler, who was then lessee of a station (“Nimbi”) on Cunningham Creek. We could not ascertain the native name of the place as there were no blacks about, and rather than give it an English name, I called it ‘Temora’, the native name of a property near which I lived some years previously in another part of the Colony. I gave the station the name specially because it was aboriginal and I liked it. I did not know at that time, nor for years afterwards, that Temora was a name in Ossian’s poems.”[5] Significantly, neither the ‘Wiradjuri Dictionary’ (2010) nor the ‘Macquarie Dictionary of Aboriginal Words’ (2006) list ‘temora’ or any words similar to it.

Geography

Temora is located in North Eastern end of the Riverina region of NSW and is also part of the South West Slopes. Temora has an elevation of 302 metres (991 ft) above sea level. The countryside is flat to undulating. To the north of Temora lies the Narraburra Hills which incorporate the Boginderra Hills Nature Reserve.

Temora is located approximately 90 km north of Wagga Wagga. It is situated on the Burley Griffin Way linking Canberra and Griffith and the Goldenfields way which link Albury and Wagga Wagga to the Newell Highway.

Climate

Temora has a warm, temperate four-season climate, with cool to mild winters and warm to hot summers.[6][7] Compared to the rest of Australia, Temora experiences far below average wind speed.

Winters can be cool by Australian standards with the mean maximum temperature falling in July to 13.0 °C (55.4 °F) and a mean minimum of 2.1 °C (35.8 °F). The lowest temperature recorded at Temora was −6.4 °C (20.5 °F) on 12 July 1971.

By contrast, summers in Temora are warm to hot with a low Relative humidity. Mean maximum temperatures range between 29.6 and 31.5 °C (85.3 and 88.7 °F). The hottest temperature on record is 44.0 °C (111.2 °F) on 03 Jan 1990. Overnight minimums averaging between13.8 and 16.2 °C (56.8 and 61.2 °F).

Climate data for Temora Research Station
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 44.0
(111.2)		 43.5
(110.3)		 40.1
(104.2)		 35.8
(96.4)		 27.6
(81.7)		 24.0
(75.2)		 23.9
(75)		 27.1
(80.8)		 33.9
(93)		 35.8
(96.4)		 42.0
(107.6)		 42.1
(107.8)		 44.0
(111.2)
Average high °C (°F) 31.5
(88.7)		 30.8
(87.4)		 27.8
(82)		 22.5
(72.5)		 17.8
(64)		 13.9
(57)		 13.0
(55.4)		 14.8
(58.6)		 18.2
(64.8)		 22.0
(71.6)		 26.0
(78.8)		 29.7
(85.5)		 22.3
(72.1)
Average low °C (°F) 16.0
(60.8)		 16.2
(61.2)		 13.3
(55.9)		 9.0
(48.2)		 5.6
(42.1)		 3.2
(37.8)		 2.1
(35.8)		 3.0
(37.4)		 4.7
(40.5)		 7.7
(45.9)		 10.6
(51.1)		 13.8
(56.8)		 8.8
(47.8)
Record low °C (°F) 4.7
(40.5)		 4.9
(40.8)		 2.8
(37)		 −1.1
(30)		 −4.5
(23.9)		 −5.3
(22.5)		 −6.4
(20.5)		 −5.3
(22.5)		 −3.9
(25)		 −2.8
(27)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 3.4
(38.1)		 −6.4
(20.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 46.0
(1.811)		 40.2
(1.583)		 40.4
(1.591)		 41.1
(1.618)		 41.8
(1.646)		 43.1
(1.697)		 46.3
(1.823)		 45.0
(1.772)		 42.1
(1.657)		 52.2
(2.055)		 46.2
(1.819)		 41.3
(1.626)		 525.8
(20.701)
Average precipitation days 5.6 5.0 5.1 6.0 8.6 10.6 12.7 11.6 9.3 8.9 6.9 6.0 96.3
Source: [8]

History

Pastoral Beginnings

Temora Railway Station

Temora started as a pastoral station in 1847. Gold was discovered later in the area, and a small village established. Temora Post Office opened on 1 February 1874 and was renamed West Temora in 1880 on the same day an existing East Temora office was renamed Temora.[9]

Gold Rush

Gold was first found in the area in 1869 but the main rush commenced in 1879, with over 20,000 people thronging to the gold diggings at Temora the district was proclaimed a gold field on June 4, 1880. Despite drought conditions, it is said that, by 1881, the Temora field was producing half the state's gold.[10] In 1881 the highest yield from the Temora field was attained - an Impressive 35,228oz.[11]

Some large discoveries were made, including the famous Mother Shipton nugget, which weighed in at 308.35 ounces, a facsimile of which appears in the Rock and Mineral Museum section of Temora Rural Museum.

With the collapse of the gold field Temora witnessed a rapid drop in population. By the time of the first Australian Census in 1911 the population was 2,784.

In more recent times, gold mining occurred at the Paragon Gold Mine at Gidginbung, 12 km north of the town, from 1986 to 1996.

Coming of the Railway

The Temora railway station opened in 1893.[12]

German migration

In the early twentieth century, Temora was among a number of places in New South Wales settled by people of German origin.[13] Temora and surrounding districts such a Trungley have many Germanic road names.

Industry

Agriculture

Temora is in the heart of the grain growing area of southern NSW and is one of the largest wheat, canola, other cereals and wool producers in the state. It has the second largest honey producer in Australia.

Much of the industry within Temora is to support these agricultural activities, including grain and wool storage and brokerage, agricultural equipment suppliers and servicing, chemical and fertiliser suppliers and transport.

Tourism

The town is also the location for the Temora Aviation Museum, which has a large range of aircraft, including Australia's only two flying Spitfires.[14][15]

Aviation is well represented with the Temora Aero Club located at Temora Airport. The Aero Club caters for GA, RAA and Gliding flying and instruction.

The Bundawarrah Centre incorporates a rural museum and the Temora Ambulance Museum. Located in the rural museum is a cottage of hardwood slabs that was Sir Donald Bradman’s first home, a one room public school, bush church, country dance hall, printing works, flour mill, ambulance station and fire station.

Lake Centenary, just north of the town, is a man-made centre for aquatic enthusiasts - whether it is power boating, waterskiing, sailing, canoeing, using the paddle boats, or just swimming. The 55 hectare lake has an excellent boat ramp as well as landscaped picnic facilities. It is an ideal venue for a relaxing day out.

Education

Temora has two public primary schools, one public high school and one Catholic school as well as a TAFE campus.

Temora High School is a comprehensive high school established in 1952. Temora High School has an outstanding record of achievement both academic and sporting, consistently achieving some of the best HSC results in the Riverina.[16]

Temora Public school is highly regarded in the Temora community for the provision of successful academic, sporting, cultural and extra-curricular programs. The school is ideally located in the centre of town adjacent to Callaghan Park, the basketball stadium and swimming pool.[17]

Temora West Primary School was officially opened on 25 September 1959 by the Governor of N.S.W, Sir Eric Woodward. It not only served the parents of the immediate area, but through zoning it drew on the area previously served by the schools at Bagdad, Betric, Dunwell - Mimosa, Pucawan, Yarrandale - Wilna and Rannock. Later part of the Dirnaseer area was included.[18]

St Anne's Central School, Temora, covers from Kindergarten through to Year 10.[19]

TAFE NSW Riverina Institute has a campus in Temora. This campus relocated to its new location in 2010.[20]

Health

Temora Health Service includes a 34 bed hospital delivering maternity, surgical, and aged care services to the Temora and Bland Shires. More than 1,700 patients are treated annually. Community health services including physiotherapy, mental health and transitional care are delivered by local staff with extra services provided by visiting staff.

Temora is well supported by two medical practices, a dentist, podiatrist, a physiotherapy centre, two pharmacies, whilst a medical imaging centre is proposed.

Transport

Road

Temora is on the crossroads of the Goldenfields Way [B85] and Burley Griffin Way [B94]. Goldenfields way runs North-South from Wagga Wagga to West Wyalong and is the main route between Albury and Brisbane. Burley Griffin Way links Griffith to the Hume Freeway south of Yass.

Rail

Temora railway station is on the Lake Cargelligo railway line which served the Riverina town of Temora, New South Wales, Australia. It opened in 1893.[1] The station had a traditional role as a transfer point for passenger services to Hillston, Lake Cargelligo, Rankin Springs, Burcher and Naradhan, most of which were withdrawn in the late 1970s. The station is not presently served by passenger services however remains an important signalling facility, is used as a stop by the Lachlan valley Railway[21] and is currently being restored by Temora Shire Council for use a tourist and youth facility.[22]

The Lake Cargelligo railway line branches from the Main South line at Cootamundra and travels in a north-westerly direction to the small town of Lake Cargelligo. The line is used primarily for grain haulage, although passenger service was provided until 1983.

The Temora–Roto railway line is a partly closed railway line which branches from the Lake Cargelligo line at the town of Temora and travels west through the northern part of the Riverina to the towns of Griffith and Hillston. A connection to the Broken Hill line created a cross-country route, although this was never utilised to its full potential, and the line beyond Hillston was built to low grade 'pioneer' standards.

Air

Temora Airport can handle aircraft up to Boeing 737 size. Currently no scheduled passenger flights serve the airport. As well as the aviation museum the airport also includes a housing estate where people have built houses with an aircraft hangar in their back yard.

Public transport and cycling

Countrylink trains operate from Sydney and Melbourne to Cootamundra train station where they are met by a connecting bus service to transport passengers to Temora. The train to Melbourne includes a stop at Wagga which provides further links to Adelaide.

Temora has an off road bicycle track from the township to Lake Centenary. Temora also has a modest number of on-road bicycle tracks. As the streets of Temora are so wide every street allows plenty of room for cyclists to ride on.

Sport

Sport has long been a significant part of life in Temora as can seen by the success Temora has had in various sporting arenas.

Sporting clubs

Media

Print

The Temora Independent is produced in Temora. The distribution area includes Temora, Coolamon, Ariah Park, Ardlethan, Barmedman, Ganmain, Marrar, Stockinbingal, Barellan and Quandialla.[23]

Radio

TemFM (Temora & District Community Radio), is a community radio station based in Temora which aims to inform and entertain the people of Temora and the surrounding district.

Notable people

References

  1. 1 2 Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Temora (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  2. ↑ http://www.cchange.org.au/resources/1/temora.pdf
  3. ↑ Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. ISBN 1-876429-14-3
  4. ↑ Column 8 Editorial team (2006-12-28). "Column 8". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  5. ↑ Temora, N.S.W. : Temora Historical Society, 1991
  6. ↑ "Australian climate zones – major classification groups". Australian Government. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2008.
  7. ↑ "Australian climatic zones". Australian Government. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 2 September 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2008.
  8. ↑ "Monthly climate statistics". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  9. ↑ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  10. ↑ http://www.smh.com.au/news/New-South-Wales/Temora/2005/02/17/1108500199521.html
  11. ↑ http://svc152.bookeasy.com/pages/history/
  12. ↑ Temora station, NSWrail.net, accessed 11 August 2009.
  13. ↑ Nutting, David (2001). "German Settlement in New South Wales in the 19th Century". German Australia. David Nutting. Retrieved 2006-09-22.
  14. ↑ "Supermarine Spitfire Mk VIII". History. Temora Aviation Museum. Retrieved 2006-09-21.
  15. ↑ Lewis, Daniel (2006-09-16). "Shopping baron launches Spitfire on south-western front". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2006-09-21.
  16. ↑ http://www.curriculumsupport.education.nsw.gov.au/secondary/english/stages4_5/teachlearn/temorahs/temorahs.htm
  17. ↑ https://online.det.nsw.edu.au/schoolfind/locator/?do=showRecord&code=3178
  18. ↑ http://www.temorawest-p.schoolwebsites.com.au/about-twps/School-History.aspx
  19. ↑ http://stannestemora.nsw.edu.au/
  20. ↑ http://www.rit.tafensw.edu.au/for-the-community/facility-hire/temora-facility-hire/
  21. ↑ http://www.lvr.com.au/
  22. ↑ https://www.facebook.com/groups/494316453913386/
  23. ↑ http://www.cpnsw.org.au/index.php/about-us/our-creed/5-members/nsw/26-the-temora-independent
  24. ↑ http://www.bradkahlefeldt.com/profile.html

External links

Media related to Temora, New South Wales at Wikimedia Commons

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