Then language
| Then | |
|---|---|
| Native to | China |
| Region | Pingtang County, southern Guizhou |
Native speakers | 20,000 (2007)[1] |
|
Tai–Kadai
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
tct |
| Glottolog |
tenn1245[2] |
The Then language (also known as Yánghuáng ä½¯åƒ™è¯ in Chinese; alternate spellings: T'en and Ten) is a Kam–Sui language spoken in Pingtang County, southern Guizhou. It is spoken by the Yanghuang 佯僙 people, many of whom are officially classified as Maonan by the Chinese government.
Names
The Yanghuang people called themselves aiË©raËuË©, except for the Yanghuang of Huishui County, Xiayou District 下游地区, and Xiguan Shangmo 西关上莫, who called themselves aiË©thÉ™n˧˥ (Bo 1997). According to the Guizhou Ethnic Gazetteer (2002:846),[3] their autonyms include jiŋ˨zau˨˦ (å°ç»•) and ai˨au˨˦ (哎绕).
"Yanghuang" was mentioned in a Ming Dynasty record, the Dushi Fangyu Jiyao (读å²æ–¹èˆ†çºªè¦).[3] According to it, "the Man people of Sizhou are Yanghuang, Gelao, Muyao (Mulao), and Miaozhi (Miaozi). (æ€å·žè›®è‡ªä½¯åƒ™ã€ä»¡ä½¬ã€æœ¨ç‘¶ï¼ˆè€ï¼‰ã€è‹—质（å）数ç§ã€‚)
Dialects
Bo (1997) lists three main dialects of Yanghuang.
- Hedong 河东: spoken east of the Pingtang River 平塘河 in the townships of Kapu å¡è’²ä¹¡ and Zhemi 者密镇, in Pingtang County; parts of western Dushan County
- Hexi 河西: spoken west of the Pingtang River 平塘河 in the western part of Zhemi Township 者密镇, Pingtang County, and neighboring areas
- Huishui æƒ æ°´: spoken in Huishui County. This is the most divergent dialect, and is most heavily influenced by Chinese.
Phonology
Yanghuang of Kapu Township (å¡è’²ä¹¡) has 71 consonants total, including those with secondary articulations. There are a total of 71 rhymes, 9 vowels, and 8 codas (Bo 1997).
References
- ↑ Then at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "T'en". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- 1 2 Guizhou Province Gazetteer: Ethnic Gazetteer [贵州çœå¿—. æ°‘æ—å¿—] (2002). Guiyang: Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House [è²´å·žæ°‘æ—出版社].
- 薄文泽 / Bo, Wenze. 1997. 佯僙è¯ç ”究 / Yanghuang yu yan jiu (A Study of Yanghuang [Then]). Beijing: ä¸å¤®æ°‘æ—大å¦å‡ºç‰ˆç¤¾ / Zhong yang min zu da xue chu ban she.
External links
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