Thermospray

Thermospray is a form of atmospheric pressure ionization in mass spectrometry. It transfers ions from the liquid phase to the gas phase for analysis. It is particularly useful in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.[1][2][3]

Thermospray was originally developed for coupling liquid chromatography to mass spectrometry (LC-MS).[4][5] Thermospray may be defined as the controlled partial vaporization of a liquid as it flows through a heated capillary tube. The nebulization is accomplished by pumping a liquid sample at moderately high pressure through an electrothermally heated capillary tube.[6] When sufficient power is coupled to the flowing sample stream, a partially vaporized mixture is produced consisting of some fraction of vaporized sample and some remaining liquid sample. Upon exiting the heated capillary, the rapidly expanding sample vapor converts the remaining liquid stream to an aerosol. The vapour so produced acts as a nebulizing ‘gas’ and aids the breakup of the liquid stream into droplets,[4] in a process similar to pneumatic nebulization.[7] Thus, conceptually this can be thought of as a pneumatic process where the expanding solvent vapor is used as a nebulization gas. The solution leaves the tube as a supersonic jet or spray of very small droplets in solvent vapor. Qualitatively, the aerosols appear dense with a moderately narrow particle size distribution.

Recently thermospray was also utilized for the production of semiconductor nanocrystals.[8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Blakley, C. R.; Carmody, J. J.; Vestal, M. L. (1980). "Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer for analysis of nonvolatile samples". Analytical Chemistry 52 (11): 1636–1641. doi:10.1021/ac50061a025. ISSN 0003-2700.
  2. ↑ Arpino, Patrick (1992). "Combined liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Part III. Applications of thermospray". Mass Spectrometry Reviews 11 (1): 3–40. doi:10.1002/mas.1280110103. ISSN 0277-7037.
  3. ↑ Gelpí E (1995). "Biomedical and biochemical applications of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry". Journal of Chromatography A 703 (1-2): 59–80. doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)01287-O. PMID 7599744.
  4. 1 2 Vestal, Marvin L. (1990). "[5] Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry" 193: 107–130. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(90)93413-F. ISSN 0076-6879.
  5. ↑ Blakley, C. R.; Vestal, M. L. (1983). "Thermospray interface for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry". Analytical Chemistry 55 (4): 750–754. doi:10.1021/ac00255a036. ISSN 0003-2700.
  6. ↑ Koropchak, John A.; Veber, Marjan; Browner, Richard F. (1992). "Thermospray Sample Introduction to Atomic Spectrometry". Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 23 (3): 113–141. doi:10.1080/10408349208050851. ISSN 1040-8347.
  7. ↑ Boumans, P.W.J.M.; Barnett, Neil W. (1987). "Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, part 1: methodology, instrumentation and performance". Analytica Chimica Acta 201: 365. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85363-5. ISSN 0003-2670.
  8. ↑ Amirav, Lilac; Lifshitz, Efrat (2008). "Thermospray: A Method for Producing High Quality Semiconductor Nanocrystals". Journal of Physical Chemistry C 112 (34): 13105–13113. doi:10.1021/jp801651g. ISSN 1932-7447.
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