Tilquiapan Zapotec

Tilquiapan Zapotec
San Miguel Tilquiápam
Region Oaxaca in Mexico
Native speakers
5,000 (2007)[1]
Oto-Manguean
Latin script
Language codes
ISO 639-3 zts
Glottolog tilq1235[2]

Tilquiapan Zapotec (Zapoteco de San Miguel Tilquiápam) is an Oto-Manguean language of the Zapotecan branch, spoken in southern Oaxaca, Mexico.

Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec is close enough to be considered a dialect, and Ocotlán Zapotec is also close. They were measured at 87% and 59% intelligibility, respectively, in recorded text testing.[3]

Sounds

Vowels

Vowel phonemes of Tilquiapan Zapotec[4]
Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Mid ɘ o
Open a

Each vowel can also be glottalized, a phenomenon manifested as either creaky voice throughout the vowel or, more commonly, as a sequence of a vowel and a glottal stop optionally followed by an echo of the vowel.[5]

Consonants

Consonant phonemes of Tilquiapan Zapotec[6]
Bilabial Dental/
Alveolar
Post-
alveolar
Palatal Velar
plain labialized
Nasal m n
Plosive b d tːʃ ɡ kːʷ ɡʷ
Fricative z ʃː ʒ
Approximant central j
lateral l͡d l

As with other Zapotec languages, the primary distinction between consonant pairs like /t/ and /d/ is not of voicing but between fortis and lenis (measured in length[7]), respectively, with voicing being a phonetic correlate.[6] There are two exceptions to this in Tilquiapan:

Neither is voiceless, but /nˑ/ is pronounced a little longer and /ld/ replaces /l/ in certain causative verbs in ways similar to other fortis/lenis consonantal changes (e.g. [blaˀa] 'get loose' vs. [bldaˀa] 'let loose').[6]

Notes

  1. Tilquiapan Zapotec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Tilquiapan Zapotec". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  3. Egland, Cruz Ramos & Bartholomew (1978)
  4. Merrill (2008), p. 109
  5. Merrill (2008), p. 110
  6. 1 2 3 Merrill (2008), p. 108
  7. See Nellis & Hollenbach (1980)

References

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