Timeline of Braunschweig

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prior to 19th century

• 861 - According to legend, Braunschweig founded by Bruno of Saxony.^[1]
• 955 - Area of city expanded.^[2]
• 1031 - St. Magni (Braunschweig) church consecrated.^[1]
• 1145 - Riddagshausen Abbey founded.
• 1160s - Henry the Lion makes Braunschweig his residence.
• 1166 - Brunswick Lion statue created.^[3]
• 1175 - Dankwarderode Castle built.
• 1188 - Gospels of Henry the Lion created.
• 1190s - St. Martini (Braunschweig) church construction begins.^[1]
• 1194 - Brunswick Cathedral built.^[1]
• 1194 - 6 August: Henry the Lion dies.
• 1200s
  • St. Katharinen (Braunschweig) church construction begins.
  • Braunschweig joins the Hanseatic League.^[4]
  • Schoduvel (carnival) is celebrated.^[5]
• 1245 - Großes Waisenhaus BMV (nursing home and orphanage) established.
• 1293–94 - Schicht der Gildemeister (civil unrest)
• 1304 - Bartholomäuskapelle (Braunschweig) on Schützenstraße (Braunschweig) first mentioned.
• 1307 - Gewandhaus (Braunschweig) guildhall/exchange first mentioned.
• 1312 - Rüningen gristmill first mentioned.
• 1370s - Große Schicht (civil unrest)
• 1390
  • Public clock installed (approximate date).^[6]
  • Brunswick Mum is sold.
• 1396 - Altstadtrathaus (Braunschweig) (city hall) building expanded.^[7]
• 1408 - Altstadtmarktbrunnen (fountain) installed in the Altstadtmarkt (Braunschweig).^[7]
• 1410s
  • Liberei (library) built.
  • Braunschweiger Pfaffenkrieg (conflict between city council and churches)
• 1411 - Faule Mette cannon created.
• 1415 - Martino-Katharineum Braunschweig secondary school established.
• 1420 - St. Andreas (Braunschweig) church built (approximate date).^[1]
• 1432 - The Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel move their Residenz from Braunschweig to Wolfenbüttel.^[8]
• 1434 - Aegidienkirche (Braunschweig) (church) built (approximate date).^[1]
• 1445–46 - Schicht der „ungehorsamen Bürger“ (civil unrest)
• 1451 - Brüdernkirche (Braunschweig) (church) built.^[1]
• 1487–89 - Ludeke Hollants Schicht (civil unrest)
• 1498 - Braunschweiger Messe (fair) established.^[3]
• 1509 - Printing press in operation.^[9]
• 1520s - Protestant Reformation in Braunschweig.
• 1524 - Huneborstelsches Haus built.^[3]
• 1531–32 - Braunschweig joins Schmalkaldic League.
• 1534 - Alte Waage (Braunschweig) built.
• 1551 - Population: 16,192.
• 1567 - Haus zur Hanse built.
• 1573 - Veltheimsches Haus built on the Burgplatz (Braunschweig).^[3]
• 1627 - Hofbrauhaus Wolters (brewery) established.
• 1643 - Ehemaliges Rüninger Zollhaus (customs house) built on the Altstadtmarkt.^[3]
• 1663 - Trial and execution of Anna Roleffes.
• 1671 - Siege of Braunschweig by Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
• 1690 - Opernhaus am Hagenmarkt (opera house and theatre) opens.^[3]
• 1745
  • Collegium Carolinum founded.^[1]
  • Braunschweigische Anzeigen newspaper in publication.
• 1753 - Brunswick Palace established as the new ducal residence.^[7]
• 1754 - Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum and Naturhistorisches Museum open.
• 1761 - First Battle of Ölper
• 1769 - Schloss Richmond (castle) built.
• 1772 - 13 March: Premiere of Lessing's play Emilia Galotti.
• 1773 - Population: 23,385.
• 1790s - Braunschweig fortifications dismantled (approximate date).^[1]
• 1791 - Lange Brücke (Braunschweig) (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1799 - Friedrich Vieweg (publisher) moves to Braunschweig.

19th century

• 1806 - French in power; Braunschweig French period begins.
• 1807 - Wilhelm Albrecht Christian von Mahrenholtz becomes mayor.
• 1809 - 1 August: Second Battle of Ölper
• 1815 - Duchy of Brunswick established
• 1823 - Obelisk erected in the Löwenwall.
• 1829 - 19 January: Premiere of Goethe's play Faust, Part One.
• 1830
  • 7 September: Civil unrest.^[3]
  • 7–8 September: Brunswick Palace stormed by an angry mob and destroyed completely.^[10]
• 1835 - Grotrian-Steinweg established.
• 1838 - Westermann Verlag (publisher) in business.
• 1838 - 1 December: First section of the Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway line, connecting Braunschweig and Wolfenbüttel, opens.^[11][12]
• 1843–44 - Hanover–Brunswick railway opens.
• 1844 - Rabbinical Conference of Brunswick
• 1847 - MTV Braunschweig established.
• 1848–49 - German revolution of 1848–49 in Braunschweig
• 1849 - Voigtländer sets up its office in Braunschweig.
• 1853 - Braunschweigische Bank active.^[13]
• 1860 - Braunschweig City Archive established.^[14]
• 1861
  • Staatstheater Braunschweig (theatre) opens.
  • Stadtbibliothek Braunschweig (library) and Städtisches Museum (Braunschweig) founded.
• 1863 - Braunschweiger Quadriga sculpture erected atop the palace.
• 1871
  • Braunschweiger Volksfreund newspaper in publication.
  • Feldschlößchen (Braunschweig) brewery in business.
  • Population: 57,883.^[15]
• 1872 - Brunswick–Magdeburg railway begins operating.
• 1874 - Konrad Koch introduces football to Germany.^[16]
• 1875 - 23 September: Neue Synagoge (Braunschweig) opens.
• 1879 - Trams in Braunschweig begin operating.
• 1880 - Population: 75,038.^[17]
• 1885 - Population: 85,174.^[18]
• 1887 - Hauptfriedhof Braunschweig (cemetery) established.
• 1890 - Population: 101,047.^[19]
• 1891 - Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum founded.
• 1895
  • Eintracht Braunschweig football club and Jüdischer Friedhof (Braunschweig) (cemetery) established.
  • Wilhelm Scholz bookseller in business.
  • Population: 115,138.^[20]

20th century

1900–1945

• 1900 - New Braunschweiger Rathaus (city hall) built.
• 1901 - Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein (historical society) founded.
• 1903 - Büssing established.
• 1906 - Dankwarderode Castle reconstructed.
• 1907 - Panther Fahrradwerke (bicycle manufactory) in business.^[3]
• 1909 - 21 April: Gymnasium Gaussschule established.
• 1913 - 24 May: Marriage of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick and Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia.^[21]
• 1918
  • November Revolution in Braunschweig occurs.^[3]
  • 8 November: Ernest Augustus forced to abdicate.^[22][23]
  • 10 November: Socialist Republic of Brunswick proclaimed.
  • 10 November: Free State of Brunswick established.
• 1919
  • 9 April: Spartacus League uprising.
  • 13–17 April: State of emergency declared, Freikorps troops enter city.^[24][25]
  • Population: 139,539.^[26]
• 1920 - Rollei established.
• 1923 - 17 June: Eintracht-Stadion opens.
• 1929 - Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule moved to Broitzem.
• 1931
  • Veltenhof is incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
  • Braunschweiger Tageszeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
  • 17–18 October: A large Nazi rally is held in Braunschweig, 100,000 SA stormtroopers march through the city.^[27]
• 1933 - Mittelland Canal reaches Braunschweig.
• 1934
  • Gliesmarode, Lehndorf (Braunschweig), Melverode, Ölper, Querum, Riddagshausen, and Rühme are incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
  • Population: 166,823.
• 1935 - SS-Junkerschule Braunschweig established.^[28]
• 1936
  • Luftfahrtforschungsanstalt in Völkenrode built.
  • Braunschweig Airport opens.
• 1938
  • Niedersächsische Musikschule Braunschweig (formerly Brunswick State Conservatoire) established.
  • 23 February: Volkswagenwerk Braunschweig starts production.
  • 9–10 November: Kristallnacht in Braunschweig.
• 1939
  • Nazi Academy for Youth Leadership built.^[29]
  • Population: 208,400.
• 1940
  • Synagogue demolished.
  • Bombing of Braunschweig in World War II begins.
• 1943 - Entbindungsheim für Ostarbeiterinnen established.^[30]
• 1944 - 17 August: KZ subcamp Schillstraße established.
• 1945 - 12 April: Surrender of Braunschweig.

1946–1999

• 1946 - Braunschweiger Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
• 1947 - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt refounded in Braunschweig.
• 1949
  • Abendgymnasium Braunschweig (school) established.
  • Antiquariat am Burgplatz bookshop in business.
• 1955 - 1 February: Luftfahrt-Bundesamt opens.
• 1960
  • Brunswick Palace demolished.
  • 1 October: Braunschweig Hauptbahnhof opens.
• 1963 - Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig established.
• 1971 - Fachhochschule Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel established.
• 1972 - Braunschweiger Verkehrs-AG (public transit entity) active.
• 1974 - 28 February: District of Braunschweig disestablished and its main part incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
• 1975 - Population: 269,900.
• 1976 - Gerhard Glogowski becomes mayor.
• 1977 - Federal Agricultural Research Centre established.
• 1982 - Gerstäcker-Museum established.
• 1987 - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen moves to Braunschweig.
• 1988 - Braunschweig Classix Festival established.
• 1991–94 - Reconstruction of Alte Waage.
• 1994 - Sparkassen Open tennis tournament established.
• 1998 - 1 September: German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation established.^[31]

21st century

• 2000
  • Wilhelm Raabe Literature Prize established.
  • 20 September: Volkswagen Halle opens.
• 2001 - Happy Rizzi House built in the Ackerhof.
• 2006 - 6 December: Synagoge (Braunschweig) opens.
• 2007 - 6 May: Rebuilt Brunswick Palace opens.
• 2010 - RegioStadtBahn Braunschweig light rail project cancelled.
• 2013 - Population: 247,227.
• 2014 - Ulrich Markurth becomes mayor.

Images

• 

  Braunschweig on the Ebstorf Map, circa 1300

• 

  City Hall and fountain, installed 1408 (photo circa 1865)

• 

  Braunschweig in 1492

• 

  Braunschweig in the 16th century, from the Civitates orbis terrarum by Georg Braun and Frans Hogenberg.

• 

  Braunschweig in 1550.

• 

  Braunschweig in 1610.

• 

  Programme for premiere of Goethe's Faust, 1829

• 

  Brunswick Palace set on fire, 7 September 1830

• 

  Altstadtmarkt in 1834, by Domenico Quaglio the Younger.

• 

  Fair in 1840.

• 

  Kohlmarkt in 1894.

• 

  Braunschweig around 1900.

• 

  Braunschweig on the night of 15 October 1944

• 

  Braunschweig in 2011.

See also

• Braunschweig history
• History of Braunschweig
• List of mayors of Braunschweig

References

1. Britannica 1910.
2. Overall 1870.
3. "Stadtgeschichte: Stadtchronik Braunschweig" [City History: Chronology of Braunschweig] (in German). Stadt Braunschweig. Retrieved November 2015.
4. Moderhack, Richard (1997). Braunschweiger Stadtgeschichte (in German). Braunschweig: Wagner. pp. 50–52. ISBN 3-87884-050-0.
5. Søndergaard, Leif. "Carnival is Festival: Dances as Entertainment". Retrieved 8 October 2012.
6. Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
7. Baedeker 1910.
8. Moderhack 1997, pp. 60–69
9. Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel. The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
10. Gerhard Schildt: Von der Restauration zur Reichsgründungszeit, in Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 753–766
11. E. Oppermann (1911): Landeskunde des Herzogtums Braunschweig. Geschichte und Geographie. Braunschweig: E. Appelhans, p. 64.
12. Neubauer, Jürgen / Salewsky, Dieter (1988): 150 Jahre 1. Deutsche Staatseisenbahn Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Braunschweig: Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag. ISBN 3-926701-05-6.
13. "Germany". International Banking Directory. New York: Bankers Publishing Company. 1922.
14. "Stadtarchiv: Geschichte des Archivs" (in German). Stadt Braunschweig. Retrieved November 2015.
15. "Germany: States of Germany: Brunswick". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1873.
16. Ciarán Fahey (19 June 2014). "Fußball: The History of a German Obsession". Societäts-Medien. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
17. "Germany: States of Germany: Brunswick". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1883.
18. "German Empire: States of Germany: Brunswick". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890.
19. "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1894.
20. "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899 – via HathiTrust.
21. Henning Steinführer, Gerd Biegel (eds.): 1913 – Braunschweig zwischen Monarchie und Moderne. Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2015, ISBN 978-3-944939-12-4.
22. Moderhack 1997, pp. 193–194
23. Rother 1990, pp. 27–30
24. Rother 1990, pp. 67–72
25. Hans-Ulrich Ludewig (2000): Der Erste Weltkrieg und die Revolution (1914–1918/19), in: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 935–943
26. "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.
27. Rother 1990, p. 244
28. "Braunschweiger Schloss / SS-Junkerschule". Vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de. Retrieved 2015-07-24.
29. "Akademie für Jugendführung". Vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de. Retrieved 2015-07-24.
30. "Entbindungsheim für Ostarbeiterinnen". Vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de. Retrieved 2015-07-12.
31. "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved November 2014.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

• Abraham Rees (1819), "Brunswick", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
• Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Brunswick", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh
• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Brunswick". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg.
• "Brunswick", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379
• "Brunswick", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive

in German

• "Braunschweig: Die Stadt". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858 – via Google Books. (bibliography)
• Braunschweig. Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte (in German). 6, 16, 35. Leipzig: S. Hirzel Verlag. 1868–1928 – via HathiTrust.
• Hermann Adalbert Daniel (1878). "Das Herzogthum Braunschweig". Handbuch der Geographie (in German) (5th ed.). Leipzig: Fues's Verlag.
• Karl von Hegel (1891). "Braunschweig". Städte und Gilden der germanischen Völker im Mittelalter (in German) 2. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot – via HathiTrust.
• "Braunschweig". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896.
• P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Braunschweig". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
• Rother, Bernd (1990). Die Sozialdemokratie im Land Braunschweig 1918 bis 1933 (in German). Bonn: Verlag J. H. W. Dietz Nachf. ISBN 3-8012-4016-9.
• Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon (in German), 1992

External links

• Links to fulltext city directories for Braunschweig via Wikisource