Timeline of Cartagena, Colombia
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Prior to 19th century - Colonial era
- 1500 - Rodrigo de Bastidas approaches to Cartagena's bay, naming it Barú bay.
- 1503 - The catholic queen Isabel issue a royal decree, naming the Barú bay as the Cartagena's bay, due to its similarity with Cartagena (España)
- 1523 - Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo obtains permission to commerce in Cartagena's bay and near regions.[1]
- 1525 - Fernandez de Oviedo obtains the capitulation to conquer the actual terrains of Cartagena.[1]
- 1533 - Cartagena founded by Spaniard Pedro de Heredia.[2] It becomes one of the "major naval and merchant marine bases of the Spanish empire."[3]
- 1534 - Catholic Diocese of Cartagena established.
- 1536
- 1538 - The Spanish crown authorizes taxes to the Indigenous people.[5]
- 1539 - Indigenous population: 500 approx. Population has decreased due to diseases and confrontations with colonizers.[1]
- 1550 - Heredia becomes governor of Cartagena.
- 1552 - A big fire occurs.
- 1559 - French Martin Cote assaults Cartagena.
- 1561 - The Nuevo Muelle dock is built, made up of wood.
- 1563 - Jean-François Roberval plunders the city.
- 1565 - 1.000 inhabitants.
- 1568 - John Hawkins invades and assaults Cartagena for 8 days.
- 1574
- Francis Drake assaults Cartagena and destroys 1/4 of the city.
- Rey Felipe II gives Cartagena the title of city.
- 1575 - Cartagena is recognized with the "Noble and Loyal" city title, as Cartageneros were Pro-Spanish Crown.
- 1578 - Convento de Santo Domingo (Cartagena) construction begins.
- 1579
- Cartagena attains Spanish colonial city status.
- San Juan de Dios Hospital builds its second floor.
- 1580 - The Saint Augustine convent is founded.
- 1582 - Canal del Dique built.
- 1586 - Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586).[6]
- 1595 - By the visit of the military engineer Bautista Antonelli, Cartagena's cobbled streets are traced.
- 1603 - The Espiritú Santo hospital is founded in Getsemaní.
- 1610 - Rey Felipe III establishes the Tribunal de Penas del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición.
- 1612 - Cartagena Cathedral built.
- 1614
- The Tribunal de Penas del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición proceeds with the first "act of faith".
- Stonework starts at Baluarte de Santo Domingo for the construction of the wall.
- 1620 - Getsemaní is completely edificated. Its cabidity under the construction of Cartagena's wall is debated.
- 1625 - The Aduana building is concluded.
- 1630 - Population: 6.000
- 1635 - The famous Cartagena Wall is completed, making Cartagena a military hub.
- 1636 - Some Portuguese immigrants are submitted to an "act of faith", accused of practicing judaism.
_-_AHG.jpg)
1735 city map.
- 1651 - Yellow fever epidemic in Cartagena.
- 1654 - Church of San Pedro Claver built.
- 1657 - El fuerte de San Felipe (fort) is built over the San Lázaro hill.
- 1683 - Raid on Cartagena (1683).
- 1684 - Population: 7.341
- 1697 - May 6: Raid on Cartagena (1697).
- 1708 - Wager's Action, a naval confrontation on 8 June 1708, between a British squadron under Charles Wager and the Spanish treasure fleet off the coast near Cartagena
- 1709 - Population: 4.556
- 1710 - The city is fully recovered from what the last raid destroyed.
- 1717 - Cartagena becomes part of the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada.
- 1730 - The San Carlos Hospital and the Poors Hospital opens.
- 1732 - El templo Santo Toribio (temple) built.
- 1735 - Franciscan Church of the Third Order built.
- 1741 - Battle of Cartagena de Indias.[6]
- 1757 - Governor of Cartagena dictates the closing of Bocagrande's channel, making a peninsula, now called Bocagrande.
- 1767 - After the expulsion of the jesuits the San Juan de Dios hospital is relocated.
- 1769 - El fuerte de San Felipe is reinforced and enlarged by Antonio de Árevalo, becoming the biggest fort in Cartagena.
- 1770 - Palace of Inquisition built (approximate date).
- 1777 - 13.700 inhabitants.
- 1780 - El espigón de La Tenaza (shore end) built.
- 1785 - Antonio de Árevalo builds nine instalations for ill people in Caño del Oro, Tierrabomba island.
- 1796 - Military barracks (known as Bóvedas) aside of the wall, are finished.
19th century
- 1809 - 17.600 inhabitants.
- 1810 - May 22: Cartagena declares independence from Spanish colonial rule.[2]
- 1811 - Cartagena becomes part of the newly formed United Provinces of New Granada.
- 1815
- March: Simón Bolívar blocks Cartagena for two months and takes military weapons in order to recuperate sister city Santa Marta.
- August: Asedio de Cartagena occurs during the independence war of Colombia, losing 1/3 of the population.
- Population: 18.708
- 1816
- Pablo Morillo returns to Cartagena, in the so-called "reconquest".
- The nine martyrs are written off by the court-martial, accusing them of betrayal to the Spanish crown.
- 1821
- Royalists surrender Cartagena to Simón Bolivar's forces after a 21-month siege.[9]
- Cartagena becomes capital of the Magdalena department.
- 1824 - War of independence finishes.
- 1827 - University of Cartagena established.
- 1835 - 11.929 inhabitants, population decreased significantly since the independence.
- 1843 - Bartolomé Calvo Library founded.
Torre del Reloj (clock tower).
- 1849
- Cholera plague hits Cartagena, 1/3 of the population decease.
- El Porvenir newspaper begins publication.
- 1850 - La Republica newspaper begins publication.[10]
- 1857 - The province of Cartagena is designated the name of Bolívar department, in honor to Simón Bolívar.
- 1870 - El camellón de los Mártires (median strip) built, making a social place for the Cartagenero.
- 1885 - The ermitage of El cabrero is built by the 4 times president Rafael Nuñez for his wife.
- 1888 - A republican-style clock tower, Torre del reloj (Cartagena) is built over the entrance of the wall.
- 1889 - Public Library José Fernandez de Madrid opens.[11]
- 1891 - El Espinal, El Cabrero, Manga and Pie de La Popa, become townships.
- 1892 - Dispute on the terrains of La Boquilla.
- 1894
- Cartagena's railway inaugurated, connecting the capital of the Bolivar department to the Magdalena river.
- Muelle de la Machina (dock) inaugurated.[12]
- 1896 - Bolivar statue erected in Bolívar Park (Cartagena, Colombia).
- 1898 - After a big depression, economy recuperates. Volume of exportation: 34.653 tons.
20th century - Republican era
- 1904 - Mercado de Getsemaní (public market building) inaugurated.
- 1905
- The wall gate "Paz y progreso" is opened while the controversial "murallicidio".
- Urbanization in the Manga island starts, it is held by Henrique Luis Román who also built the H.L Román bridge. Connecting Getsemaní and Manga.
- Population: 9.861
- 1907 - Bolivar bank building inaugurated.
- 1909 - Industrial park "El limbo" operates.
- 1911 - Teatro Heredia and Centenary Park (Cartagena) opens.
- 1912 - Demographic rate peaks to 3.2% until 1951. Important immigration to the city takes place.
- 1915 - Chamber of Commerce of Cartagena founded, 150 companies registered.[13]
- 1918 - Population: 50.000
- 1920
- "Compañia Colombiana de Navegación Aerea" (airline) builds an airport in the terrains of Bocagrande.
- Club Cartagena opens.
- 1923 - An oil pipeline is built between "Las Infantas" camp in Santander and Cartagena's bay.
- 1928
- 1930
- SCADTA (airline) builds an airfield in the Manzanillo island.
- The Andean corporation urbanizes Bocagrande's peninsula giving shelter and entertainment to its workers.
- 1931
- 1934
- Port of Cartagena inaugurated.
- September: Naval base "ARC Bolívar" is inaugurated in Bocagrande.[14]
- Miss Colombia beauty pageant begins.
- 1938
- Population: 73,190.[6]
- Water bombing from canal del Dique, and water purification in Piedra de Bolívar starts.
- 1939 - Club de Pesca of Cartagena (fishing club of Cartagena) founded in the Fuerte de San Sebastian del Pastelillo.[16]
- 1941 - the Caribe Hotel in business.
- 1947
- LANSA (Colombia) (airline) builds two runways in the Crespo suburb. Called "Airport of Crespo".
- Estadio Once de Noviembre (stadium) opens.
- 1948 - El Universal newspaper begins publication.[17]
- 1951 - Service of Cartagena's railroad is suspended due to navegability through Canal del Dique.
- 1956 - Cartagena Refinery of oil commissioned.
- 1958 - Estadio Jaime Morón León (stadium) opens.
- 1959 - Cartagena's historic center is declared a national monument.
- 1960 - Cartagena Film Festival begins.
- 1961
- Comfenalco (Compensation fund of Cartagena) established.
- Navy cadet school Almirante Padilla moved to the Manzanillo island.[18]
- 1965 - Fire destroys the Mercado de Getsemaní (public market).
- 1967 - Mamonal industrial complex consolidated.
- 1968 - Santander Avenue inaugurated, an important avenue which rounds the Cartagena wall.
- 1970 - Universidad Tecnologica de Bolivar first private university in the city, founded.
- 1974
- Private-state enterprise Ecopetrol takes the administration of the Cartagena oil refinery.
- Statue of India Catalina erected in La Matuna.
- 1977 - New public market Bazurto is built. The building is recognized as architectural heritage of Colombia.
- 1978 - The semi destroyed Mercado de Getsemaní is finally demolished.[19]
- 1979 - Centro de Convenciones (Cartagena) (convention center) starts its construction.
- 1980
- Hilton Cartagena inaugurated, becoming the first Hilton Hotel in Colombia.
- La Vitrola restaurant in business.[20]
- 1982
- Caribbean Music Festival begins.
- Museo del Oro (Cartagena) (gold museum) inaugurated.
- 1984
- Cartagena's colonial walled city and fortress designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Archivo Historico de Cartagena (historical registry of Cartagen) established.[11]
- Romancing The Stone filmed in Cartagena's historic center.
- 1985
- 1986 - The airport of Crespo is renamed as Rafael Nuñez in tribute to the centenary of the constitution.
- 1991 - Cartagena is declared touristic and cultural district of Colombia.
- 1993 - Sociedad Portuaria de Cartagena acquires the administration of Cartagena's port.
- 1996 - SACSA (airline) acquires the administration of the Rafael Núñez International Airport.
- 1997 - Jorge Artel Library is opened, it serves to the southwestern districts, the poorest ones.
- 1999 - The American Hispanic Culture Library opens.
21st century
- 2003 - Transcaribe transit system construction begins.
- 2005
- 2006
- July: XX Central American and Caribbean games celebrated in Cartagena.
- Ecopetrol and Glencore establish the Sociedad Refinería de Cartagena SA (Cartagena's refinery society).
- 2008
- Judith Pinedo Flórez becomes mayor.
- Caribe Plaza opens.[21]
Transcaribe bus.
- April: Summit of the Americas held in Cartagena.
- Campo Elías Terán becomes mayor, succeeded by Carlos Otero Gerdts.
- Mall Plaza El Castillo opens.
- 2013
- Marine outfall inaugurated.
- Dionisio Vélez becomes mayor.
- 2014
- Cartagena's population reaches 1 million inhabitants.
- Bocagrande Plaza opens.[22]
- 2015
See also
- Other cities in Colombia
References
- 1 2 3 4 http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/historia/hicol/hico6.htm
- 1 2 Harvey F. Kline (2012). Historical Dictionary of Colombia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7955-3.
- ↑ "Northern Andes, 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved December 2015.
- ↑ http://www.hotellasamericas.com.co/visita-cartagena/ES/descubre/historia
- 1 2 3 Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 339, OL 6112221M
- ↑ Spencer C. Tucker,, ed. (2010). Global chronology of conflict from the ancient world to the modern Middle East. USA: ABC-CLIO. p. 1139. ISBN 9781851096725.
- ↑ "Cartagena (Colombia) -- Prensa". Biblioteca Virtual (in Spanish). Colombia: Actividad Cultural del Banco de la República. Retrieved January 2015.
- 1 2 3 http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/modosycostumbres/cartag/cartag0.htm
- ↑ http://albatros.puertocartagena.com/opadmco.nsf/vstRefLinkDoc/72F387B7240ACAC1052573B5004DC5A3
- ↑ http://www.cccartagena.org.co/quienessomos.php
- ↑ http://www.webinfomil.com/2014/09/base-naval-arc-bolivar-cartagena.html
- ↑ http://www.clubdepescadecartagena.com/el-club
- ↑ "Colombia: Directory". Europa World Year Book 2003. Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 978-1-85743-227-5.
- ↑ http://www.escuelanaval.edu.co/index.php/historial-de-noticias/333-escuela-naval-de-cadetes-almirante-padilla-80-anos-formando-lideres-navales
- ↑ http://www.eluniversal.com.co/suplementos/dominical/de-getsemani-bazurto
- ↑ "La Vitrola: El restaurante de Cartagena preferido por los famosos", El Universal (in Spanish), March 28, 2012
- ↑ http://www.cccaribeplaza.com/conocenos
- ↑ http://www.eltiempo.com/economia/empresas/centros-comerciales-en-cartagena/14772515
- ↑ http://www.eltiempo.com/economia/empresas/refineria-de-cartagena/16409666
- ↑ "Colombia says treasure-laden San Jose galleon found", BBC News, 5 December 2015
This article incorporates information from the Spanish Wikipedia.
Bibliography
in English
- Josiah Conder (1830), "Cartagena", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
- "Cartagena". Commercial Directory of Latin America. Washington DC: Bureau of the American Republics. 1892.
- M. de Moreira (1908). "Cartagena". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
- "Cartagena", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- William Alfred Hirst (1915), "Cartagena", Guide to South America, New York: Macmillan Company
- Joel Streicker (1997). "Spatial Reconfigurations, Imagined Geographies, and Social Conflicts in Cartagena, Colombia". Cultural Anthropology 12. JSTOR 656615.
- David Marley (2005), "Cartagena", Historic Cities of the Americas, Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, ISBN 1576070271
in Spanish
External links
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