Timeline of Hama

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hama, Syria.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prior to 7th century

• 11th century BCE - Town is "capital of Aramean kingdom of Hamath."^[1]
• 854 BCE - Town taken by Assyrian Shalmaneser II.^[2]
• 743 BCE - Assyrians in power again.^[3]
• 740 BCE - Uprising.^[3]
• 720 BCE - Uprising "crushed by Sargon."^[2]
• 540 BCE - Persians in power (approximate date).
• 64 BCE - Town becomes part of the Roman province of Syria.

7th-19th century

• 639 CE - Town taken by Arab Muslim Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah.^[2]
• 637 - Great Mosque built.^[4]
• 10th century - Hamdanids in power.
• 968 - Town sacked by Byzantine forces of Nicephorus Phocas.^[1]
• 11th century - Town sacked by Mirdasid forces.
• 1108 - Tancred, Prince of Galilee takes town.^[2]
• 1114 - Seljuks in power.^[1]
• 1157 - Earthquake.^[5]
• 1172 - Nur al-Din Mosque built.
• 1175 - Saladin takes town from Zangids.^[1]
• 1178 - Al-Muzaffar Umar becomes Emir of Hama.^[1]
• 1191 - Al-Mansur Muhammad becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1221 - Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1229 - Al-Muzaffar Mahmud becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1244 - Al-Mansur Muhammad II becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1260 - Town sacked by Mongols.
• 1284 - Al-Muzaffar Umar II becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1299 - Mamluks in power.^[1]
• 1310 - Ayyubid Abu al-Fida becomes Emir of Hama.^[5]
• 1323 - al-Izzi Mosque built.^[4]
• 1326 - Abu'l-Fida Mosque built.^[4]
• 1331 - Al-Afdal Muhammad becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1400 - Timurlane takes town.
• 1453 - al-Mamunye (water wheel) constructed.
• 1516 - Ottoman Turks in power.
• 1556 - Khan Rustum Pasha (caravansary) built.
• 1742 - Azm Palace built.
• 1858 - Population: 30,000.^[6]
• 1864 - Town becomes capital of the Hamah sanjak (district) in the Vilayet of Sham.^[1]
• 1875 - Cholera outbreak.^[5]
• 1898 - Public library opens (approximate date).^[7]

20th century

• 1901 - Population: 45,000 (approximate).^[3]
• 1902 - Rayak-Hama railway begins operating.^[8]
• 1906 - Aleppo-Hama railway constructed.^[9]
• 1917 - Shaker al-Hanbali becomes mayor.^[10]
• 1918 - Town becomes part of French Mandate of Syria.
• 1925 - 1925 Hama uprising, early October uprising by Hama's inhabitants led by Fawzi al-Qawuqji against the French mandate, subsequent crackdown by French forces. Part of the Great Syrian Revolt.^[11]
• 1930 - Population: 60,000.^[12]
• 1945 - Al-Nawair Sport Club formed.
• 1946 - City becomes part of independent Syrian Republic.
• 1960 - Population: 97,390.^[13]
• 1963 - April: Anti-Baathist demonstrations.^[14]
• 1964 - April: Conflict between Islamic Brotherhood and Baath leaders.^[12]
• 1970 - Population: 137,421.^[13]
• 1980 - February: Islamic uprising;^[15] crackdown on Sunnis.
• 1981 - April: 1981 Hama massacre.
• 1982 - February: Muslim Brotherhood uprising against Hafez al-Asad regime; government crackdown.^[15][16]
• 1989 - Apamee Cham Palace Hotel built.^[4]

21st century

• 2003 - Population: 427,369 (estimate).^[13]
• 2011
  • Mass demonstrations.^[15][17]
  • July–August: Army crackdown on protesters.^[18]
• 2012 - 25 April: Explosion in Mashaa Attayar.^[19][20]
• 2013 - Syrian civil war.^[21]

See also

• Timeline of Aleppo
• Timeline of Damascus

References

1. J.L. Whitaker (2008), "Hamah", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
2. "Hamah", The Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910, OCLC 14782424
3. "Hamah", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
4. ArchNet.org. "Hama". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning.
5. "Hama", Palestine and Syria, Leipsig: Karl Baedeker, 1876
6. "Hamah", Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine, London: J. Murray, 1858, OCLC 2300777
7. David Dean Commins (1990), Islamic reform: politics and social change in late Ottoman Syria, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195061039, 0195061039
8. "Railway developments in Syria". Railway Age (Chicago). 1904.
9. Lewis R. Freeman (1915). "Railway Lines of Syria and Palestine". Railway Age Gazette (New York).
10. Sami Moubayed (2006), Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900-2000, Seattle, USA: Cune Press, ISBN 9781885942401, 1885942400
11. N. E. Bou-Nacklie (1998). "Tumult in Syria's Hama in 1925: The Failure of a Revolt". Journal of Contemporary History 33.
12. David Dean Commins (2004), Historical dictionary of Syria (2nd ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press
13. "Syria: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". World Gazetteer. Stefan Helders. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
14. Malik Mufti (1996). Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801431689.
15. "Syria Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
16. Malise Ruthven (2004). Historical Atlas of Islam. Cartographica.
17. "'Half a million' protest on streets of Hama". Al Jazeera. 8 July 2011.
18. "UN council condemns use of force by Syria". Al Jazeera. 4 August 2011.
19. "Blast in Syria's Hama kills many". Al Jazeera. 26 April 2012.
20. Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
21. "Fierce fighting rages across Syria". Al Jazeera. 18 January 2013.

Further reading

Published in the 19th century

• Abraham Rees (1819). "Hamah". The Cyclopædia. London.
• Josiah Conder (1830), "(Hamah)", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan

Published in the 20th century

• Trudy Ring, ed. (1996), "Hama", Middle East and Africa, International Dictionary of Historic Places, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964039, 1884964036

Published in the 21st century

• "Hama". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009.

External links

Coordinates: 35°08′N 36°45′E / 35.133°N 36.750°E