Tornado, West Virginia

Tornado, West Virginia
Census-designated place (CDP)

Location in Kanawha County and state of West Virginia.
Coordinates: 38°20′34″N 81°50′39″W / 38.34278°N 81.84417°W / 38.34278; -81.84417Coordinates: 38°20′34″N 81°50′39″W / 38.34278°N 81.84417°W / 38.34278; -81.84417
Country United States
State West Virginia
County Kanawha
Area[1]
 • Total 17.2 sq mi (45 km2)
 • Land 16.9 sq mi (44 km2)
 • Water 0.2 sq mi (0.5 km2)
Elevation 614 ft (187 m)
Population (2010)[2]
 • Total 3,701
 • Density 220/sq mi (83/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP Codes 25177, 25202
Area code(s) 304 & 681
GNIS feature ID 1555859
Upper Falls of Coal River, with Upper Falls Dam above and the historic lock in the foreground, viewed from Upper Falls Landing.

Tornado[3] is a census-designated place (CDP)[4] in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. Tornado is also known as Upper Falls,[3] the U.S. Census Bureau's official name for the community. The United States Board on Geographic Names declared the community's official name to be Tornado in 2013 due to a request from the Kanawha County Commission, which determined that residents of the community supported the name Tornado over Upper Falls.[5] It is also known as Andrews Heights, Big Bend and Upper Falls of Coal River.[3]

The Coal River bisects the community and gives it its historical name from the cascading waters of its Upper Falls.[6]

The Upper Falls CDP contains the populated places of Ferrell,[7] River Bend[8] and Tornado.

At 17.2 square miles, Upper Falls is the largest CDP in the state of West Virginia.[9] As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,701.[10]

Tornado is in the Charleston, West Virginia metropolitan area.

Geography

Tornado[11] is located at 38°20′34″N 81°50′39″W / 38.34278°N 81.84417°W / 38.34278; -81.84417 (38.342872, -81.844296).[1]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Upper Falls CDP has a total area of 17.2 square miles (44.49 km²), of which, 16.9 square miles (43.84 km²) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.644 km²) (1.45%) is water.[9]

The United States Geological Survey identifies the community's namesake Upper Falls of Coal River at 38°20′33″N 81°50′29″W.[6]

Demographics

As of the Census of 2010,[12] there were 3,701 people, 1,458 households, and 1,072 families residing in the community. The population density was 218.6 people per square mile (84.4/km²). There were 1,549 housing units at an average density of 91.7/sq mi (35.3/km²). The racial makeup of the community was 96.8% White, 1.1% African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Natives, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.4% of the population.

There were 1,458 households out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.5% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.93.

The community's age distribution was 19.4% under the age of 15, 10.2% from 15 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 31% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

2000 data

In 2000, the Upper Falls CDP was named Tornado; the Tornado CDP covered a smaller area than the Upper Falls CDP does now.

As of the census[13] of 2000, there were 1,111 people, 419 households, and 330 families residing in that CDP. The population density was 309.0 people per square mile (119.2/km²). There were 437 housing units at an average density of 121.6/sq mi (46.9/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.21% White, 0.36% African American, 0.27% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.09% from other races, and 1.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.

There were 419 households out of which 37.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.7% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.01.

In Tornado the population was spread out with 26.8% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,000, and the median income for a family was $50,350. Males had a median income of $31,932 versus $25,670 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,999. About 2.3% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

History

The Upper Falls of Coal River was discovered in 1742 by John Peter Salling during an expedition along the Coal River. Salling and four companions each received a governor's commission from the state of Virginia to explore the territory east of the Mississippi River, in return for 10,000-acre land grants. It was this group that also discovered coal along the banks of the Coal River.

It was not until after the Revolutionary War that European settlers began moving into the area. Even then, the few[14] who survived the attacks of the native peoples usually fled to safer destinations. But by around 1800, a gristmill[15] was established by Joseph Thomas at the Upper Falls, which continued in operation until the 1930s.

Beginning about 1830, timber harvested from the region was floated on the Coal River to Saint Albans. At the same time, great quantities of marketable cannel coal were found on the upper Coal River. However, only at periods of high water could logs and shallow wooden boats loaded with coal be drifted over the Upper Falls and Lower Falls and on down the river.

A system of wooden-crib locks and dams designed to make Coal River navigable[16] was constructed in the 1850s to transport cannel coal, bituminous coal, coal oil and timber to market. This began the era of two-way commercial steamboat traffic on the river. The Upper Falls was the site of Upper Falls Lock and Dam[17][18] and Edward Kenna, who also developed a sawmill[19] at the Upper Falls around 1850, was lockmaster;[20] his son, John Edward Kenna, served as United States Senator from West Virginia. Damage caused by ongoing flooding and the outbreak of the Civil War suspended steam tug navigation of Coal River. Traffic resumed after the war, but ended permanently in 1881.

From 1858, at least ten failed attempts were made to build a rail line up the Coal River. Finally, under the direction of General Cornelius Clarkson Watts, a Confederate veteran, construction of the Coal River and Western Railway began in 1902 and was completed in 1904. The lasting economic boom brought by the railroad to the region saw the bustling Upper Falls Station[21] offer daily service for both passengers and freight. Timber extraction ended in the 1920s, but the rail line[22] through Upper Falls, now owned by CSX Transportation, still transports massive amounts of bituminous coal to global markets.

There was a rapid influx of people to the area during and soon after World War II and many came to live in Tornado. They found employment in the defense and chemical manufacturing industries in the Kanawha Valley and benefited from economic prosperity as a result. Today, Tornado is a residential suburb and recreation destination of the Charleston metropolitan area.[23]

Post Offices

The Upper Falls of Coal Post Office, the first to serve the area, was established in 1851.[24][25] During Reconstruction, it was replaced by a post office named Tornado in 1881.[26][27] Today, residents in the northern portion of the Upper Falls CDP receive mail service from the Saint Albans Post Office at ZIP Code 25177. Residents in the southern portion of the Upper Falls CDP receive mail through the Tornado Post Office at ZIP Code 25202. This is currently the only one of the two post offices to support mail delivery using the city name Upper Falls.[28]

Other Names

Since the earliest European settlers moved into the area in the 1700s, Tornado was known as Upper Falls, Upper Falls of Coal, Upper Falls of Coals, Upper Falls Coal River, Upper Falls of Coal River, Upper Falls of the Coal River and Upper Falls on Coal River.[29]

Andrews Heights is an area of Upper Falls named for landowner R. Carl Andrews,[30] who served as mayor of Charleston from 1947 to 1950[31] and was a Democratic candidate for governor of West Virginia in 1940.[32] Andrews Heights Elementary School was named for Mayor Andrews.

Big Bend is an area of Upper Falls that is named for the Big Bend of Coal River.[33] The river's Big Bend circumscribes Big Bend Golf Course, which also takes its name.

The official name Tornado first appeared when a new post office opened in the community in 1881.[34][35]

Transportation

During its history, transportation infrastructure serving Tornado has included roads, rail and water transport.

Highways

The primary means of transportation throughout the CDP today is by secondary highways.

In a clockwise direction on the map, Coal River Road (Kanawha County Highway 3) intersects the northern boundary of Upper Falls at Tear Drop Lane (private). Dogwood Road (CH 6/6) crosses the northern border at the Armstrong Tunnel. Smith Creek Road (CH 9) encompasses Upper Falls Intersection[36] and Upper Falls Crossing,[37] then demarcates the CDP to the east at Dry Ridge Road (CH 8). Coal River Road (CH 9/1) bisects Upper Falls, as it also crosses the southern border at the Lincoln County line. Falls Creek Road (CH 3) intersects the southern boundary at the Lincoln County line, as well. Woods Drive (CH 1/3) crosses to the west at the Putnam County line. Finally, Browns Creek Road (CH 1) delimits the CDP at the intersection of Bryants Branch Road (CH 3/3) to the north and proceeds to its terminus at the Midland Trail.[38]

Rail

The Coal River subdivision, a CSX Transportation main line, runs parallel to Coal River, dividing Tornado from north to south. Its primary use is to transport coal from the Southern West Virginia coalfields to global markets. There was once a railroad station[39] in the community with the name Upper Falls Station.[23]

River

Coal River is still designated by the federal government as a navigable waterway,[16] though the 19th century system of locks[17] and dams[40] that made commercial transportation possible no longer exists.[23]

Education

Educational opportunities available to Tornado students are provided by these schools.

Recreation

Tornado offers numerous recreational possibilities.[41]

Religion

Churches of the following denominations serve the spiritual needs of Tornado residents.

References

  1. 1 2 "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  2. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  3. 1 2 3 United States Geological Survey "Tornado Populated Place"
  4. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Census Designated Place"
  5. ↑ "Tornado gets its name back". Charleston Daily Mail. March 14, 2013. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  6. 1 2 United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls of Coal River"
  7. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Ferrell Populated Place"
  8. ↑ United States Geological Survey "River Bend Populated Place"
  9. 1 2 United States Census Bureau "Upper Falls CDP, West Virginia 2010 Geographic Profile Data"
  10. ↑ United States Census Bureau "Upper Falls CDP, West Virginia 2010 Demographic Profile Data"
  11. ↑ Upper Falls, West Virginia Geographic Features UpperFalls.jimdo.com
  12. ↑ United States Census Bureau "Upper Falls CDP, West Virginia 2010 Demographic Profile Data"
  13. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  14. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Cemetery"
  15. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Gristmill (historical)"
  16. 1 2 United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Channel"
  17. 1 2 United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Lock"
  18. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Dam"
  19. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Sawmill (historical)"
  20. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Lockmaster House (historical)"
  21. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Station (historical)"
  22. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Siding"
  23. 1 2 3 Courtesy of Dr. William H. Dean, Ph.D. From "Coal, Steamboats, Timber and Trains: The Early Industrial History of St. Albans, West Virginia & The Coal River, 1850-1925" UpperFallsWV.blog.com
  24. ↑ National Archives Microfilm Publication M841, Record of Appointment of Postmasters, 1832 - September 30, 1971. Richard C. Chandler appointed postmaster, Upper Falls of Coal, WV, 1851-09-26
  25. ↑ United States Postal Service, "Postmaster Finder". Upper Falls of Coal Post Office, 1851-09-26 to 1876-01-21 and 1877-10-10 to 1880-11-15. Retrieved 2014-12-18.
  26. ↑ National Archives Microfilm Publication M841, Record of Appointment of Postmasters, 1832 - September 30, 1971. John H. Sutherland appointed postmaster, Tornado, WV, 1881-07-06
  27. ↑ United States Postal Service, "Postmaster Finder". Tornado Post Office, 1881-07-06 to present. Retrieved 2014-12-18.
  28. ↑ United States Postal Service "ZIP Code Lookup"
  29. ↑ From Upper Falls to Tornado and Back TornadoWV.webs.com
  30. ↑ Kanawha County Clerk, Map Book 13, Number 70, dated 1948
  31. ↑ The Political Graveyard "Index to Politicians: Andrews"
  32. ↑ The West Virginia Encyclopedia "Matthew Mansfield Neely"
  33. ↑ United States Geological Survey, ID Number 7728 "Big Bend"
  34. ↑ National Archives Microfilm Publication M841, Record of Appointment of Postmasters, 1832 - September 30, 1971. John H. Sutherland appointed postmaster, Tornado, WV, 1881-07-06
  35. ↑ United States Postal Service, "Postmaster Finder". Tornado Post Office, 1881-07-06 to present. Retrieved 2014-12-18.
  36. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Intersection"
  37. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Crossing"
  38. ↑ Metro 911 of Kanawha County Metro911.org
  39. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Station (historical)"
  40. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Dam"
  41. ↑ Upper Falls, West Virginia Recreation UpperFalls.weebly.com
  42. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Beach"
  43. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Landing"
  44. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Upper Falls Point"
  45. ↑ United States Geological Survey "Walhonde Upper Falls Walking Trail"

External links

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