Transportation in Norfolk, Virginia

Located in the southeastern corner of the state, Norfolk is economically and culturally important to Virginia. A variety of transportation modes have developed around the city's importance and somewhat unusual geography.

The Advent of the Highway (1952–1970)

Hampton Roads Bridge Tunnel

With the dawn of the Interstate Highway System, new highways opened and a series of bridges and tunnels opening over fifteen years would link Norfolk with the Peninsula, Portsmouth, and Virginia Beach. On May 23, 1952, the Downtown Tunnel opened connecting Norfolk with the city of Portsmouth. A second parallel tube was built in 1987. The Downtown Tunnel currently flows in four lanes (two in each direction), carrying a portion of Interstate 264. In 1991, the new Downtown Tunnel/Berkley Bridge complex was completed, with a new system of multiple lanes of highway and interchanges connecting Downtown Norfolk and Interstate 464 with the Downtown Tunnel tubes.^[1] On November 1, 1957, the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel opened to traffic, connecting the Virginia Peninsula with the city, signed as State Route 168. The new two-lane toll bridge-tunnel connection became a portion of Interstate 64 by the end of 1957, connecting Norfolk westward with a limited access freeway. A second parallel tube was built in 1976, expanding the access to four lanes. The tolls were removed in December 1976.^[2] The two-lane Midtown Tunnel was completed September 6, 1962, supplementing the Downtown Tunnel and the Berkley Bridge.^[3] On December 1, 1967, the Virginia Beach-Norfolk Expressway (Interstate 264 and State Route 44), a 12.1-mile (19.5 km) long toll road leading from Baltic Avenue in Virginia Beach to Brambleton Avenue in Norfolk, opened to traffic at a cost of $34 million.^[4] Many at the time believed the project was doomed to fail due to the cost of 10 to 25 cents to access the Expressway. Opponents argued that commuters would simply continue to use Virginia Beach Boulevard as the primary route to and from Virginia Beach. The Expressway was a resounding success however, perhaps too successful for Norfolk in that soon thereafter, many more people began to move to the neighboring city of Virginia Beach and commute back to work in Norfolk, a common practice which continues to this day. The tolls were removed on June 1, 1995, and State Route 44 portion of the freeway became signed as I-264 in July 1999.

Roadways

Norfolk is linked with its neighbors through an extensive network of arterial and Interstate highways, bridges, tunnels, and bridge-tunnel complexes. The major east-west routes are Interstate 64, U.S. Route 58 (Virginia Beach Boulevard) and U.S. Route 60 (Ocean View Avenue). The major north-south routes are U.S. Route 13 and U.S. Route 460, also known as Granby Street. Other main roadways in Norfolk include Newtown Road, Waterside Drive, Tidewater Drive, and Military Highway. The Hampton Roads Beltway (I-64 and its spurs I-264, I-464, and I-664) makes a loop around Norfolk.

Long-term plans being pushed by the Raleigh-Durham area's Regional Transportation Alliance call for extension of I-495 northeastward to the Hampton Roads area. RTA's plan envisions the entirety of the corridor from Raleigh to Norfolk receiving a new two-digit interstate designation. This interstate would connect two of the United States' largest metropolitan areas still lacking direct interstate access between each other. ^[5]

Local Transit

Ferry To Portsmouth

A transit bus system and paratransit service are provided by Hampton Roads Transit (HRT), a regional public transport system headquartered in Hampton. HRT buses run all over Norfolk and South Hampton Roads and onto the Peninsula all the way up to Williamsburg. Other routes travel to Smithfield, Virginia. HRT offers a toll($1.50) ferry service from downtown Norfolk to Old Town Portsmouth. ^[6] Additional services include an HOV express bus to the Norfolk Naval Base, paratransit services, park and ride lots, and the Norfolk Electric Trolley, which provides service in the downtown area. ^[7] A light rail service is now partially complete for Norfolk and is now on the 2012 Ballot for Virginia Beach for approval to continue to the Ocean Front from Newtown road station. Currently runs from Newtown road station to Norfolk Sentera Hospital with plans in the future to continue to ODU and Naval Base.^[8] The light rail will be called The Tide and will have a starter route running along the southern portion of Norfolk, commencing at Newtown Road and passing through stations serving areas such as Norfolk State University and Harbor Park before going through the heart of downtown Norfolk and terminating at Sentara Norfolk General Hospital. ^[9]

Air, rail, bus services, and cruise ships

Established in 1938 the Norfolk Municipal Airport and renamed Norfolk Regional Airport in 1968 and Norfolk International Airport in 1979, Norfolk is primarily served by the Norfolk International Airport(IATA: ORF, ICAO: KORF, FAA LID: ORF), now the region's major commercial airport. The airport is located near Chesapeake Bay, along the city limits straddling neighboring Virginia Beach.^[10] Seven airlines provide nonstop services to twenty five destinations. ORF had 3,703,664 passengers take off or land at its facility and 68,778,934 pounds of cargo process through its facilities.^[11] Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport also provides commercial air service for the Hampton Roads area. Chesapeake Regional Airport provides general aviation services and is located five miles outside of the city limits.

Norfolk is served by Amtrak at the Norfolk station. The line runs west along the NS/(US460) Southside corridor to Petersburg, then continues to Richmond and points beyond. A high-speed rail connection at Richmond to both the Northeast Corridor and the Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor are also under study.

Greyhound provides service from a central bus terminal in downtown Norfolk. Bus services to New York City via the Chinatown bus, Today's Bus, which is located on Newtown road.^[12]

The city recently completed construction (April 2007) of the new $36M 'Half Moone Cruise Terminal' in downtown adjacent to the Nauticus museum, providing a state-of-the-art permanent structure for various cruise lines and passengers wishing to embark from Norfolk. Previously, makeshift structures were used to embark/disembark passengers, supplies, and crew.^[13]

See also

• Transportation in Hampton Roads

References

1. "Hampton Roads Area Interstates and Freeways" (HTML). Roads to the Future. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
2. "Hampton Roads Bridge Tunnel" (HTML). Roads to the Future. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
3. "Midtown Tunnel Parallel Tube Project" (HTML). Roads to the Future. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
4. "Interstate 264 in Virginia" (HTML). Roads to the Future. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
5. "Interstate 495 to Rocky Mount—Future I-44 to Hampton Roads". Raleigh, NC: Regional Transportation Alliance. December 14, 2013. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
6. "Schedules and Service". Hampton Roads Transit. Archived from the original (HTML) on 2007-06-29. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
7. "About HRT". Hampton Roads Transit. Archived from the original (HTML) on 2007-02-18. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
8. "The Tide in Last Stage of Review". Hampton Roads Transit. Archived from the original (HTML) on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
9. "Norfolk Light Rail Project". Hampton Roads Transit. Archived from the original (HTML) on 2007-08-09. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
10. "Norfolk International Airport Mission and History" (HTML). Norfolk International Airport. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
11. "Norfolk International Airport Statistics" (HTML). Norfolk International Airport. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
12. "Today's Bus" (HTML). Today's Bus. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
13. "Sleek new cruise terminal set to welcome travelers" (HTML). Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved 2007-10-09.