Treaty 7

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Treaty 7 was an agreement between Queen Victoria and several, mainly Blackfoot, First Nation band governments in what is today the southern portion of Alberta. It was concluded on September 22, 1877. The agreement was signed at the Blackfoot Crossing of the Bow River, at the present-day Siksika Nation reserve, approximately 100 km (62 mi) east of Calgary. Chief Crowfoot was one of the signatories to Treaty 7.

Treaty 7 is one of 11 Numbered Treaties signed between First Nations and the Crown between 1871 and 1921. The treaty established a delimited area of land for the tribes (a reserve), promised annual payments and/or provisions from the Queen to the tribes and promised continued hunting and trapping rights on the "tract surrendered". In exchange, the tribes ceded their rights to their traditional territory, of which they had earlier been recognized as the owners.

Another signing on this treaty occurred on December 4, 1877 to accommodate some Blackfoot leaders who were not present at the primary September 1877 signing.

In 1977, Prince Charles, as a member of the Canadian Royal Family, visited Alberta to attend celebrations marking the 100th anniversary of the treaty signing. Britain had transferred whatever jurisdiction over "Indians and lands reserved for the Indians" it may have had to the Province of Canada in the 1840s. This authority devolved to the federal government at Confederation in 1867 and would have applied to the area of the North-Western Territory and Rupert's Land that came into the Canadian Confederation a short time later including the part that became Alberta in 1905. The British Government in an exchange of letters at the time of the transfer of the NWT sought assurances that Canada would provide the Crown's obligation to First Nations.

List of the Treaty 7 First Nations

Bearspaw First Nation (Stoney First Nation/Nakoda)
Chiniki First Nation (Stoney First Nation/Nakoda)
Blood Tribe (Kainai Nation) (Blackfoot)
Piikani Nation (Blackfoot)
Siksika Nation (Blackfoot)
Tsuu T'ina Nation (Sarcee)
Wesley First Nation (Stoney First Nation/Nakoda)

External links

The Numbered Treaties: Treaty Seven

Numbered Treaties	Treaty 1 Treaty 2 Treaty 3 Treaty 4 Treaty 5 Treaty 6 Treaty 7 Treaty 8 Treaty 9 Treaty 10 Treaty 11

Treaty Seven Nations	Kainai Nation Pikani First Nation Siksika Nation Tsuu T'ina Nation Bearspaw First Nation Chiniki First Nation Wesley First Nation

First Nations in Alberta

Cultural areas

Historical confederacies

Numbered Treaties

Ethno-cultural groups
and languages

Historically	Eastern Shoshone / Sosoni language Kootenay / Ktunaxa language Gros Ventre / A'aninin language

Present-day	Beaver / Daneẕaa language Blackfoot / Niitsítapi (language) Chipewyan / Denésoliné language Plains Cree / Paskwāwiyiniwak (language) Sarcee / Tsuu T'ina language Saulteaux / Nakawē (language) Slavey / Dene Tha' language Stoney / Nakoda (language) Woodland Cree / Sakāwithiniwak language

First Nation
governments (bands)

Regional and tribal councils

Athabasca Tribal Council
Confederacy of Treaty 6 First Nations
Four Nations Administration
Kee Tas Kee Now Tribal Council
Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council
North Peace Tribal Council
Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta
Treaty 7 Management Corporation
Western Cree Tribal Council
Yellowhead Tribal Council

Acho Dene Koe First Nation (land claim, based in NWT)
Onion Lake Cree Nation (part of reserve, mostly in SK)
Kelly Lake (land claim, urecognized, based in BC)
Michel Band (unrecognized band)
Papaschase (unrecognized band)
Sharphead (extinct band)
List of Indian reserves in Alberta
Métis in Alberta

Blackfoot Confederacy

Tribes or Nations

Blackfoot-speaking	Kainai or Bloods Northern Peigan or Piikáni Siksika or Blackfoot South Peigan or Blackfeet

Later members	Gros Ventre or Atsina (circa 1793-1861) Sarcee or Tsuu T'ina

Communities

Reservations (US)	Blackfeet Indian Reservation (South Peigans) Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (Gros Ventres)

Reserves (Canada)	Blood 148 Piikani 147 Siksika 146 Tsuu T'ina Nation 145

Culture

History

War with Shoshone (circa 1730s-1800s)
1775–1782 North American smallpox epidemic
1837–1838 smallpox epidemic
Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) (with USA)
War against the Crow and Gros Ventre (circa 1861-1867)
Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) (with USA)
Battle of the Belly River (against the Cree, 1870)
Marias Massacre (by US Army, 1870)
Peace with the Cree, circa 1871, (symbolized by Crowfoot's adoption of Poundmaker in 1873)
US land annexation, migration to Canada (1874)
Treaty 7 (with Canada, 1877)
Starvation winter (1883-1884)
Sweetgrass Hills Treaty (with USA, 1887)

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Treaty 7

List of the Treaty 7 First Nations

See also

External links