Trukic–Ponapeic languages

Trukic–Pohnpeic
Chuukic–Ponapeic
Geographic
distribution:
Micronesia
Linguistic classification:

Austronesian

Subdivisions:
Glottolog: pona1247[1]

The Trukic–Ponapeic or Chuukic–Pohnpeic languages are a family of Micronesian languages consisting of two dialect continua, Trukic and Ponapeic. They are the westernmost and historically most recent Micronesian languages.[2]

Composition

Unique innovations

Chuukic-Pohnpeic has several unique innovations that separates it as a subgroup from the rest of Nuclear Micronesian. Among the most prominent are historical sound changes from Proto Micronesian.

Historical sound changes

Chuukic-Pohnpeic languages share a number of historical sounds changes from Proto Oceanic and Proto Micronesian. Chuukic languages and Pohnpeic languages separately share later innovations.

Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic reflexes of Proto Oceanic consonants[3]
Proto Oceanic *mp *mp,ŋp *p *m *m,ŋm *k *ŋk *ŋ *y *w *t *s,nj *ns,j *j *nt,nd *d,R *l *n *ɲ
Proto Micronesian *p *pʷ *f *m *mʷ *k *x *ŋ *y *w *t *T *s *S *Z *c *r *l *n *ɲ
Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic *p *pʷ *f *m *mʷ *k *r,∅ *ŋ *y *w *t *j *t *t *c *r *l *n *ɲ

Reconstructed vocabulary

Reconstructed Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic Vocabulary [4]
Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic English Gloss Modern Language Reflexes
*awa mouth CAR aaw, PON aaw
*faa brave, strong CHK fa 'be brave, bold', MOK pa 'be talented'
*fawo-ni-pei name of Pohnpei Island WOL fóólopei, PON Pohnpei
*kurupʷu small young coconut CHK kurupʷ, PON kurupʷ 'immature coconut'
*pirafa to steal MRT púraf, PNG pirap
*waiya journey, be foreign CAR weey 'to travel', PON way 'be foreign, from abroad'
*woro- throat, neck CHK woro-mi 'to swallow', PON wɛrɛ 'his/her neck'

References

  1. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Ponapeic–Trukic". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  2. Lynch, John; Malcolm Ross; Terry Crowley (2002). The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1128-4. OCLC 48929366. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
  3. Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 1". Oceanic Linguistics 42: 4, 5. doi:10.2307/3623449.
  4. Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 2". Oceanic Linguistics 42: 271–281. doi:10.1353/ol.2003.0014.
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