United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute

United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute

Location	Terre Haute, Vigo County, Indiana
Status	Operational
Security class	High-security (with minimum-security prison camp)
Population	1,480
Opened	1940
Managed by	Federal Bureau of Prisons

The United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute (USP Terre Haute) is a high-security United States federal prison for male inmates in Terre Haute, Indiana. It is part of the Terre Haute Federal Correctional Complex (FCC Terre Haute) and is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice. USP Terre Haute houses a Special Confinement Unit for male federal inmates who have been sentenced to death. FCC Terre Haute is located in the city of Terre Haute, 70 miles (110 km) west of Indianapolis.^[1]

History

A new United States penitentiary was authorized by President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938 and established in Terre Haute, Indiana, in 1940 on 1,126 acres (4.56 km²) of land. The opening of the prison in this city was partly due to heavy promotion by Terre Haute’s Chamber of Commerce, which eventually went on to raise $50,000 to pay for the property on which the prison was built.^[2] The residents of Terre Haute initially embraced the prison due to the impression that it would provide jobs to local residents in addition to helping Terre Haute’s economy while only housing non-violent offenders. E.B. Swope was the prison’s first warden.

The U.S. Public Works Administration issued a $3 million grant to pay for construction of USP Terre Haute in 1938.^[2] Construction cost of the institution at the time that it was built was $2,150,000.^[2] The architectural design of the prison is a modified telephone pole design with all housing and other facilities opening onto a long central corridor. It was the first penitentiary for adult felons ever to be constructed without a wall. In 2004, the new USP was built on adjoining property, with the old penitentiary becoming a medium-security Federal Correctional Institution.

USP Terre Haute was one of the first federal prisons to emphasize rehabilitation by providing psychological and psychiatric treatment, referring to prisoners by names as opposed to numbers, and allowing prisoners to talk during meals instead of eating in silence. The institution initiated the use of the word "inmate" as opposed to other less-appealing labels such as "convict" or "criminal". It also became one of the first federal prisons to implement educational programs in prisons with sessions devoted to improving the inmates' skills in reading, writing, math, as well as trades.

Camp 5, part of the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba, is reported to have been based on the design of USP Terre Haute.^[3]

Facility

USP Terre Haute is a Care Level 3 facility, which means that any inmate sent to Terre Haute who has serious health problems that are not major enough to warrant hospitalization is sent to the USP. This facility is also a tobacco-free institution. This part of the FCC contains six housing units. One of the six housing units is a faith-based unit that can house 125 inmates. When the inmates are not working, they are partaking in faith-based activities. All of the inmates in the USP are allotted seven visit-days a month and 300 minutes of telephone time, which they have to use in increments of 30 minutes or less. The inmates housed here can work at UNICOR, which is a prison industry that makes towels and other accessories for the military. Inmates employed here earn an average of $6.50 to $7.50 a day and some can make up to $12 a day if they are paid by piece as opposed to by the hour.

Death row

On July 19, 1993, the federal government designated USP Terre Haute as the site where federal death sentences would be carried out, including the establishment of the "Special Confinement Unit," the federal death row for men. The Bureau of Prisons modified USP Terre Haute in 1995 and 1996 so it could house death row functions. On July 13, 1999, the Special Confinement Unit at USP Terre Haute opened, and the BOP transferred male federal death row inmates from other federal prisons and from state prisons to USP Terre Haute.^[4] There are currently 58 inmates on death row.^[5][6] The federal government chose Terre Haute as the location of the men's death row due to its central location within the United States.^[7]

USP Terre Haute houses federal death row. Among those most recently executed at USP Terre Haute were Timothy McVeigh and Juan Raul Garza in 2001, and Louis Jones, Jr., in 2003. McVeigh, who was convicted for his responsibility for the Oklahoma City bombing, was the first prisoner executed by the U.S. Government since the moratorium on the death penalty was lifted in 1976. The method of execution used by the federal government is lethal injection.

Notable inmates

The following lists contain the names of current and former notable inmates.

Executed

Inmate Name	Register Number	Execution Date	Details
Timothy McVeigh	12076-064	June 11, 2001	Gulf War veteran; convicted in 1997 of planning and carrying out the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, which killed 168 people.
Juan Raul Garza	62728-079	June 19, 2001	Drug kingpin; convicted in 1993 of murdering or ordering the murders of three rival drug traffickers, and of importing thousands of pounds of marijuana from Mexico and reselling it to dealers in Texas, Louisiana and Michigan.[8][9]
Louis Jones, Jr.	27265-077	March 18, 2003	Gulf War veteran; convicted in 1995 of the kidnapping, sexual assault and murder of US Army Private Tracie Joy McBride at Goodfellow Air Force Base in San Angelo, Texas.[10]

Death row

Inmate Name	Register Number	Status	Details
Alejandro Umaña	23077-058	Sentenced to death in 2010	High-ranking member of the international street gang MS-13; convicted of racketeering conspiracy and murder in connection with four gang-related killings; Umaña's story has been featured in several documentaries regarding MS-13.[11][12][13]
Alfonso Rodriguez, Jr.	08720-059	Sentenced to death in 2006	Sex offender; convicted in 2006 of interstate kidnapping resulting in death in connection with the 2003 kidnapping, sexual assault and fatal stabbing of university student Dru Sjodin.[14]
Len Davis	24325-034	Resentenced to death in 2005[15]	Former New Orleans Police officer; convicted in 1996 of ordering the 1994 murder of Kim Groves, a 32-year-old mother of three, in retaliation for Groves' filing an excessive force complaint against him.[16]
Joseph Edward Duncan III	12561-023	Sentenced to death in 2008	Serial child molester and rapist; sentenced to death for a 2005 kidnapping and quadruple murder in Idaho; pleaded guilty in state court to one murder in California and suspected in two other murders in Washington State.[17][18]
Marvin Gabrion	09184-055	Resentenced to death in 2013[19]	Convicted in 2002 of the 1997 kidnapping and murder of 19-year-old Rachel Timmerman, who had earlier accused Gabrion of rape; Gabrion was the first person to receive a federal death sentence in a non-death penalty state since the federal death penalty was reinstated in 1988.[20][21][22]

Non-death row

Inmate Name	Register Number	Status	Details
Nix, KirkseyKirksey Nix	20921-077	Serving a life sentence.	Leader of the Dixie Mafia, a criminal organization based in Mississippi; convicted in 1991 of ordering murders and masterminding a blackmail scheme from prison.[23]
Radric Davis	65556-019	Serving a 39-month sentence; scheduled for release in 2016.[24]	Convicted felon and rapper known as Gucci Mane; pleaded guilty in 2014 of being a felon in possession of a firearm during an incident where he threatened police officers and civilians on an Atlanta street in 2013.[25]
Zaid Safarini	14361-006	Serving a life sentence.[26]	Member of the Abu Nidal Organization; convicted of 21 counts of murder in connection with the deadly 1986 hijacking of Pan Am Flight 73 in Karachi, Pakistan.[27]
Jay Scott Ballinger	05989-028	Serving a life sentence.	Satanist and self-described “Missionary of Lucifer”; convicted in 2000 and 2001 of setting fires at 26 churches in eight states in the 1990s, including one which caused the death of Firefighter Loy Williams of the Commerce Fire Department in Georgia.[28]

See also

• List of U.S. federal prisons
• Federal Bureau of Prisons
• Incarceration in the United States

References

1. "BOP: FCI Terre Haute". Bop.gov. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
2. Taylor, Zach (May 6, 2001), "Penitentiary opened to great fanfare", Tribune-Star
3. Catherine Herridge (January 31, 2009). "Inside Guantanamo Bay, a Study in Contrasts". Fox News. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
4. "Special Confinement Unit Opens at USP Terre Haute." Federal Bureau of Prisons. July 13, 1999. Retrieved on October 3, 2010.
5. "Federal Death Row Prisoners | Death Penalty Information Center". Deathpenaltyinfo.org. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
6. "The Bureau Celebrates 80th Anniversary." Federal Bureau of Prisons. May 14, 2010. Retrieved on October 3, 2010.
7. Huppke, Rex W. "EXECUTION: Terre Haute, Ind. dreads execution of Timothy McVeigh." Associated Press at the Southeast Missourian. Friday April 6, 2001. 2A (continued from 1A). Retrieved from Google News (2/16) on October 14, 2010. "The planning for this day began when mcveigh was moved to Terre Haute along with the 19 other federal death row inmates in 1999[...]"
8. "Who is Juan Raul Garza? - CNN". Articles.cnn.com. June 18, 2001. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
9. "BOP: Federal Executions". Bop.gov. July 8, 1942. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
10. "Louis Jones, Jr. #837". Clarkprosecutor.org. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
11. "MS-13 Gang Member Sentenced to Death for Double Murder". Fox News. July 27, 2010. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
12. Markon, Jerry (April 29, 2010). "MS-13 gang member sentenced to death in N.C". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
13. "FBI — MS-13 Gang Member Sentenced to Death After Conviction on Racketeering Charges Related to Double Murders". Fbi.gov. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
14. "Rodriguez sentenced to die for killing Dru Sjodin". StarTribune.com. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
15. Looseleaf Law (October 27, 2005). "Former New Orleans policeman again sentenced to death". Policeone.com. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
16. BOB HERBERTPublished: September 15, 1995 (September 15, 1995). "In America; Killer Cops - New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
17. "Idaho suspect has violent history - US news - Crime & courts | NBC News". MSNBC. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
18. "Competency appeal for Joseph Edward Duncan nears in federal court | HeraldNet.com - Northwest". HeraldNet.com. 2012-12-16. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
19. "Court of appeals affirms death penalty for Gabrion". Cedar Springs Post. June 7, 2013.
20. Agar, John (May 28, 2013). "Marvin Gabrion's death penalty reinstated in 1997 killing of young mother". MLIVE.
21. "First Federal Death Sentence in Non-death penalty state overturned". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
22. "Court divided on Marvin Gabrion death penalty appeal". The Grand Rapids Press. March 14, 2008.
23. "Biloxi's Tale of Murder, Extortion and Racy Photos". The New York Times. December 29, 1991.
24. Harris, Christopher (December 13, 2014). "Gucci Mane Tweets Fans To Write Him In Prison". Hip Hop DX. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
25. "Gucci Mane will face travel restrictions on release from prison". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. August 20, 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
26. "Appeals court grants Aldawsari lawyers more time to brief case". Lubbockonline.com. Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. March 16, 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
27. Terry Friedan; Carol Cratty (May 12, 2004). "Survivors condemn hijacker in Pan Am massacre". CNN. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
28. "'Missionary of Lucifer' Sentenced to 42 Years - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 2013-02-12.

External links

• USP Terre Haute Official Website

Coordinates: 39°24′45″N 87°27′15″W / 39.4126°N 87.4542°W