List of political self-immolations
This is a list of notable self-immolations done for political reasons. Non-political self-immolations are not included in the list. Self-immolation has become an increasingly used protest tactic among Tibetans protesting rule of Tibet by China[1] and Arabs against various Arab governments.[2]
List
1960s
Date | Name | Age | Country | Protesting | Notes and references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
June 11, 1963 | Đức, Thích QuảngThích Quảng Đức | 66 | South Vietnam | Persecution of Buddhists by government of Ngô Đình Diệm | Led to several other monks and nuns committing the same act before Diệm was toppled. The photo, photographed by Malcolm Browne, became well-associated with his political protest. |
January 25, 1964 | Chinnasami | 27 | India | For preservation of the Tamil language | Inspired 5 other self-immolations.[3] |
March 16, 1965 | Herz, AliceAlice Herz | 82 | United States | Vietnam War | Women Strike for Peace. |
November 2, 1965 | Morrison, NormanNorman Morrison | 31 | United States | Vietnam War | Committed act in front of preschool-aged daughter.[4] |
November 9, 1965 | LaPorte, Roger AllenRoger Allen LaPorte | 22 | United States | Vietnam War | Catholic Worker.[5] |
May 16, 1967 | Nhất Chi MaiNhất Chi Mai | 34 | South Vietnam | Vietnam War | [6] |
October 15, 1967 | Beaumont, FlorenceFlorence Beaumont | 55 | United States | Vietnam War | [7] |
November 12, 1967 | Chūnoshin Yui | 73 | Japan | Vietnam War | Esperantist.[8][9][10] |
September 8, 1968 | Siwiec, RyszardRyszard Siwiec | 59 | Poland | Poland's participation in Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968) | Died in hospital four days later. |
November 5, 1968 | Makukh, VasylVasyl Makukh | 40 | Soviet Union | Soviet rule in Ukraine | [11] |
January 16, 1969 | Palach, JanJan Palach | 20 | Czechoslovakia | Communist rule in Czechoslovakia | Student. Inspired a number of self-immolations in protest of Soviet satellite states. |
January 20, 1969 | Bauer, SándorSándor Bauer | 17 | Hungary | Communist rule in Hungary | [12] |
February 25, 1969 | Zajíc, JanJan Zajíc | 19 | Czechoslovakia | Communist rule in Czechoslovakia | Student. |
April 2, 1969 | Plocek, EvženEvžen Plocek | 39 | Czechoslovakia | Communist rule in Czechoslovakia | Businessman. |
April 9, 1969 | Rips, EliyahuEliyahu Rips | 20 | Soviet Union | Communist rule in Czechoslovakia | Survived, became professor of mathematics. |
May 30, 1969 | Mayrock, BruceBruce Mayrock | 20 | United States | Genocide against Biafra in the Nigerian Civil War | Columbia University student. Died in hospital several hours later. |
1970s
Date | Name | Age | Country | Protesting | Notes and references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
February 13, 1970 | Moyses, MártonMárton Moyses | 28 | Romania | Communist rule in Romania | |
May 10, 1970 | Winne, Jr., GeorgeGeorge Winne, Jr. | 23 | United States | Vietnam War | Student at the University of California, San Diego. Died the next day.[13] |
September 19, 1970 | Georgakis, KostasKostas Georgakis | 22 | Greece | Military rule in Greece | Student at the University of Genoa |
September 19, 1970 | Joseba Elosegi | 54 | Spain | Bombing of Guernica in 1937 | Survived |
November 13, 1970 | Jeon Tae-ilJeon Tae-il | 22 | South Korea | For more robust labour laws and the government's opposition to reform | |
May 14, 1972 | Kalanta, RomasRomas Kalanta | 19 | Soviet Union | Communist rule in Lithuania | Inspired largest post-war riots in occupied Lithuania and USSR, and 13 other self-immolations |
June 6, 1972 | Gaulin, HuguetteHuguette Gaulin | 28 | Canada | [14] | |
August 10, 1976 | Kalinauskas, AntanasAntanas Kalinauskas | 19 | Soviet Union | Communist rule in Lithuania | In Soviet Army barracks in Gulbene, Latvia. Died next day. |
August 22, 1976 | Brüsewitz, OskarOskar Brüsewitz | 46 | East Germany | Communist rule in East Germany | Lutheran pastor |
February 10, 1977 | Escoffier, AlainAlain Escoffier | 27 | France | Communism | |
November 16, 1977 | Gründler, HartmutHartmut Gründler | 37 | West Germany | Atomic policy | |
January 21, 1978 | Hirnyk, OleksaOleksa Hirnyk | 65 | Soviet Union | Communist rule in Ukraine | An act of protest against Soviet suppression of the Ukrainian language, culture and history. Died on the spot. |
June 23, 1978 | Mamut, MusaMusa Mamut | 46 | Soviet Union | Persecution of Crimean Tatars | Died after five days[15] |
1980s
Date | Name | Age | Country | Protesting | Notes and references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
March 21, 1981 | Arosenius, Per-AxelPer-Axel Arosenius | 60 | Sweden | Taxes | |
August 10, 1982 | Penik, ArtinArtin Penik | 61 | Turkey | ASALA attack at Esenboğa International Airport | |
November 2, 1983 | Acevedo, SebastiánSebastián Acevedo | Chile | Kidnapping of his children by the Chilean police during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet | [16] | |
April 7, 1989 | Cheng Nan-jungCheng Nan-jung | 41 | Taiwan | For freedom of speech and Taiwan independence | [17] |
May 19, 1989 | Chan I-huaChan I-hua | 32 | Taiwan | For freedom of speech and Taiwan independence | [18] |
March 2, 1989 | Babeş, Liviu CornelLiviu Cornel Babeş | 47 | Romania | Communist rule in Romania | [19] Set himself on fire on ski slope, died at hospital two hours later. |
March 2, 1989 | Vičiulis, VytautasVytautas Vičiulis | 37 | Soviet Union | Communist rule in Lithuania | |
March 24, 1989 | Pawar, KailashKailash Pawar | India | To draw attention to plight of Bhopal gas victims and protest public indifference | [20] Original story published in The Hindu, March 26, 1990. | |
1990s
Date | Name | Age | Country | Protesting | Notes and references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
April 26, 1990 | Žemaitis, StanislovasStanislovas Žemaitis | 52 | Soviet Union | Communist rule in Lithuania | Protesting Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania. Died next day in Moscow hospital. |
April 29, 1990 | Park, SungheeSunghee Park | 19 | South Korea | Political situation in South Korea | Self-immolated during students' protest against the South Korean regime. Died May 19, 1991. |
May 9, 1990 | Daugintis, RimantasRimantas Daugintis | 55 | Soviet Union | Communist rule in Lithuania | Lithuanian sculptor self-immolated on Hungarian-Soviet border. Died after a few days. |
September 19, 1990 | Goswami, RajivRajiv Goswami | 19 | India | Reservation in India | Survived, but inspired some 150 other self-immolations[21] |
October 14, 1990 | Klingchuea, ThanawutThanawut Klingchuea | 20 | Thailand | Government of Chatichai Choonhavan | Ramkhamhaeng University student[22] |
February 18, 1991 | Levey, GregoryGregory Levey | 30 | United States | Gulf War | Amherst Common, MA. |
September 21, 1991 | Abesadze, GiorgiGiorgi Abesadze | 35 | Georgia | Looming civil war in Georgia | Physician[23] |
April 29, 1993 | Bamford, GrahamGraham Bamford | unknown | United Kingdom | War in Bosnia and Herzegovina | 'The British army must not be a guard of honor at a mass funeral. Bosnian babies, children, and womenfolk are waiting for the politicians to do what they know they should - give them military protection.'[24] |
February 21, 1994 | Darabi, HomaHoma Darabi | 54 | Iran | Women's rights after the Iranian Revolution | Biography Rage Against the Veil written by sister Parvin Darabi |
April 25, 1995 | Elstner, ReinholdReinhold Elstner | 75 | Germany | Demonization of German soldiers after World War II | |
September 3, 1995 | Kratze, SabineSabine Kratze | 25 | Vietnam | Trial of six Buddhist monks | |
October 22, 1996 | Change, KathyKathy Change | 46 | United States | For directly democratic community-based self-government | |
January 13, 1998 | Ormando, AlfredoAlfredo Ormando | 29 | Italy | Roman Catholic Church's condemnation of homosexuality | |
April 27, 1998 | Ngodup, ThuptenThupten Ngodup | 60 | India | Political situation in Tibet | Ex-monk. In protest of police interference with unto-death hunger-strike in Delhi. Died two days later in hospital after visit by the Dalai Lama.[25][26][27] |
February 16, 1999 | Coşkun, NeclaNecla Coşkun | 14 | United Kingdom | Arrest of Abdullah Öcalan | Survived.[28] |
2000s
Date | Name | Age | Country | Protesting | Notes and references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 21, 2001 | various | – | China | See Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident | [29] |
April 2, 2001 | Kayani, ShahrazShahraz Kayani | 48 | Australia | Government refusal to grant entry to his wife and daughters | Pakistani refugee[30] |
July 21, 2004 | Cohen, Mordehai (Hamimo)Mordehai (Hamimo) Cohen | 30 | Israel | Rejection of work license | Set himself on fire during a City Hall assembly[31] |
August 17, 2005 | Businov, YelenaYelena Businov | 54 | Israel | Protest against Israel's unilateral disengagement plan | [32] |
August 31, 2005 | Ben Menahem, BaruchBaruch Ben Menahem | 21 | Israel | Protest against Israel's unilateral disengagement plan | [33] |
March 28, 2006 | Fortulaki, EleftheriyaEleftheriya Fortulaki | Greece | Treatment of Kurds in Turkey | [34] | |
November 3, 2006 | Ritscher, MalachiMalachi Ritscher | 52 | United States | War in Iraq | Died at the scene.[35] |
June 11, 2006 | Joshi, PravinPravin Joshi | 30 | India | Screening of Fanaa | Died 9 days later.[36] |
March 7, 2007 | Bhandari, UddhavUddhav Bhandari | 40 | United Kingdom | Asylum policy | Nepali asylum seeker[37] |
April 1, 2007 | Heo Se-ukHeo Se-uk | 54 | South Korea | South Korea – United States Free Trade Agreement | [38] |
October 1, 2008 | Tapia, Ramiro GuillénRamiro Guillén Tapia | 65 | Mexico | Local government in the city of Xalapa | [39] |
January 29, 2009 | Muthukumar, KumarKumar Muthukumar | 26 | India | Killing of Sri Lankan Tamils | Inspired several other self-immolations[40] |
February 12, 2009 | Varnakulasingham, MurugathasanMurugathasan Varnakulasingham | 26 | Switzerland | Sri Lankan Government Killing of the Sri Lankan Tamils | Inspired several other self-immolations[41] |
February 27, 2009 | Tapey, Tapey | mid-20s | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk, Kirti Monastery, Ngaba. Shot[42] by Chinese police while on fire, and then taken away by them. Status unknown.[42] |
2010s
Date | Name | Age | Country | Protesting | Notes and references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
February 20, 2010 | Siripur Yadaiah, Siripur Yadaiah | 19 | India | Provincial statehood demand for Telangana | Student. Later died in hospital.[43] |
February 21, 2010 | Yadaiah, SubramSubram Yadaiah | 19 | India | For re-creating the state of Telangana in present-day Andhra Pradesh | Died in hospital.[44] |
July 31, 2010 | Eshan Reddy, Eshan Reddy | 20's | India | Provincial Statehood demand for Telangana | Student; set himself on fire as an offering for a deity for the cause of statehood.[45] |
December 17, 2010 | Bouazizi, MohamedMohamed Bouazizi | 26 | Tunisia | Corruption in government | Inspired the Tunisian revolution leading to ouster of President Ben Ali and further revolutions of the Arab Spring. Died January 4, 2011.[46] |
January 16, 2011 | Venugopala Reddy, Venugopala Reddy | 20's | India | Provincial Statehood demand for Telangana | MCA student immolated himself near his university auditorium,died on the spot.[47] |
January 16, 2011 | Bouterfif, MohsenMohsen Bouterfif | – | Algeria | Unemployment and housing | Inspired by Bouazizi's self-immolation in Tunisia.[48] |
January 16, 2011 | Bhavani, Bhavani | 18 | India | Provincial Statehood demand for Telangana | [49] |
January 17, 2011 | Dahoud, Yacoub OuldYacoub Ould Dahoud | 43 | Mauritania | Political situation in Mauritania | [50] |
February 21, 2011 | Mohd Mustafa, Mohd Mustafa | 40 | India | Provincial Statehood demand for Telangana | [51] |
March 16, 2011 | Rigzin Phuntsog, Rigzin Phuntsog | 21 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Beaten by police before they extinguished the flames. Died in hospital.[52][53][54][55] |
June 15, 2011 | Thomas James Ball, Thomas James Ball | 58 | United States | Father's rights and family court injustice | Self immolated on the steps of a family courthouse in New Hampshire. Died on the spot.[56] |
August 15, 2011 | Tsewang Norbu, Tsewang Norbu | 29 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Nyitso monastery in Kham Tawu. In Tawu. Died soon afterwards.[52][55][57][58] |
August 28, 2011 | Senkodi, Senkodi | 21 | India | Tamil Eezham issue | A Tamil girl immolated herself in front of the Tahsil office at Kancheepuram to save the lives of three innocent people (Perarivalan, Murugan and Santhan) in the Rajiv Gandhi assassination case. |
September 26, 2011 | Lobsang Kunchok, Lobsang Kunchok | 18 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Set fire to himself, together with Lobsang Kelsang.[55][59][60] |
September 26, 2011 | Lobsang Kelsang, Lobsang Kelsang | 18 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Set fire to himself, together with Lobsang Kunchok.[55][61] |
October 3, 2011 | Kelsang Wangchuk, Kelsang Wangchuk | 17 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Beaten and taken away by security personnel.[62] |
October 7, 2011 | Kayang, Kayang | 17 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Former monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Clasped hands with Choepel; died.[55][63] |
October 7, 2011 | Choepel, Choepel | 19 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Former monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Clasped hands with Kayang; died.[55][64] China Daily reported they were "slightly injured".[65] |
October 15, 2011 | Norbu Damdrul, Norbu Damdrul | 19 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Former monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Kicked and removed from scene by authorities. Current status unknown.[55][66] |
October 17, 2011 | Tenzin Wangmo, Tenzin Wangmo | 20 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Nun of Mame Dechen Chokorling. In Ngaba, Amdo. Died.[55][67] |
October 21, 2011 | Wang, Wang | 42 | China | Legal inequalities in China | At Tiananmen Square, Beijing. Taken to hospital by police; evidence at scene erased immediately.[55][68] |
October 25, 2011 | Dawa Tsering, Dawa Tsering | 38 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Kardze Monastery. In Kardze, Amdo. Current status unknown.[55][69] |
November 3, 2011 | Palden Choetso, Palden Choetso | 35 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Nun in Tawu, Kardze. Reported deceased by Xinhua.[55][70][71] |
November 4, 2011 | Sherab Tsedor, Sherab Tsedor | 25 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Layperson. Outside Chinese embassy in New Delhi. Overpowered by police and hospitalized with minor burns.[72][73][74] |
November 11, 2011 | Gebre, YenesewYenesew Gebre | 29 | Ethiopia | Corruption of dictatorship government | Inspired by Bouazizi's self-immolation in Tunisia.[75] |
December 1, 2011 | Tenzin Phuntsok, Tenzin Phuntsok | 46[76] | China | Political situation in Tibet | Ex-monk, Karma Monastery, Chamdo.[77][78] Died on December 6, 2011, in Chamdo Hospital in Tibet[76] Reported in China Daily, as a "farmer" who "is considered eccentric".[79] |
December 7, 2011 | Hutagalung, SondangSondang Hutagalung | 22 | Indonesia | Disputed | [80] |
January 6, 2012 | Tennyi, Tennyi | Around 20 | China | Political situation in Tibet | [81] |
January 6, 2012 | Tsultrim, Tsultrim | Around 20 | China | Political situation in Tibet | [82] |
January 8, 2012 | Sopa Tulku/Sonam Wangyal, Sonam Wangyal | 42 | China | Political situation in Tibet | [83][84] |
January 14, 2012 | Jamyang Losang, Jamyang Losang | 20s | China | Political situation in Tibet | Former monk of Andu monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Deceased.[85] |
February 3, 2012 | Tsaptai Tsering, Tsaptai Tsering, Kyarel, Kyarel, and unknown name | 60, 30, unknown | China | Political situation in Tibet | Three laypersons. In Serthar. Incident published in several places, but unconfirmed.[86][87] |
February 8, 2012 | Rigzin Dorje, Rigzin Dorje (Rinzin) | Around 18 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Former monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Died February 21 in hospital.[88] |
February 9, 2012 | Sonam Rabyang, Sonam Rabyang | 30s | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Lab Monastery. In Tridu town, Yushu County, Kham. Taken to hospital; condition unclear.[89] |
February 11, 2012 | Tenzin Choedron, Tenzin Choedron | 18 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Nun of Mame Dechen Chokorling. In Ngaba, Amdo. Taken away by soldiers and police, and died shortly afterward.[90][91] |
February 13, 2012 | Lobsang Gyatso, Lobsang Gyatso | 19 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Current status unknown.[92][93] |
March 4, 2012 | Rinchen, Rinchen | 32 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Occupation unknown. In Ngaba, Amdo. Died on the spot.[94] |
March 5, 2012 | Dorje, Dorje (Dorjee) | 18 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Occupation unknown. In Ngaba, Amdo. Deceased.[95] |
March 10, 2012 | Gapey, Gapey (Gepey) | 18 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Died on the spot.[96] |
March 13, 2012 | Jamyang Palden, Jamyang Palden | 30s | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Rongpo monastery, Rebkong, Amdo. Current status unknown.[97] |
March 16, 2012 | Lobsang Tsultrim, Lobsang Tsultrim | 20 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Died in custody.[98] |
March 17, 2012 | Sonam Thargyal, Sonam Thargyal (Dargye, Dhargay) | 44 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Farmer in Rebkong, Amdo. Died on the spot.[99][100] |
March 24, 2012 | L Bhoja Naik, L Bhoja Naik | 21 | India | For the creation of the state of Telangana | MBA student set himself on fire in front of his college. Died on the spot.[101] |
March 24, 2012 | S Srikanth, S Srikanth | 23 | India | For creation of state of Telangana | Died in the hospital.[102] |
March 26, 2012 | Jamphel Yeshi, Jamphel Yeshi | 20 | India | Political situation in Tibet | Layperson in Delhi. Died 2 days later in hospital.[103][104] |
March 26, 2012 | Rajmouli | 40 | India | Telangana | For separate statehood to Telangana[105][106] |
March 26, 2012 | BR Goud | n/a | India | Telangana | For separate statehood to Telangana[105] |
March 27, 2012 | Pallavi , Pallavi | 17 | India | For creation of state of Telangana | Later died in hospital.[107] |
March 27, 2012 | Kalakanchi Ilaiah , Kalakanchi Ilaiah | 30 | India | Provincial Statehood demand for Telangana | Scrap dealer.[108] |
March 28, 2012 | K Uppalaiah , K Uppalaiah | 30 | India | For creation of state of Telangana | [109] |
March 28, 2012 | Lobsang Sherab, Lobsang Sherab | 20 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Kirti Monastery.[110] In Ngaba, Amdo. Died on the spot.[111][112] |
March 30, 2012 | Tenpa Dhargyal, Tenpa Dhargyal (Darjey) | 22 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Tsodun monastery, Barkham, Amdo. Forcibly removed to hospital by Chinese security forces. Current status unknown.[113][114] |
March 30, 2012 | Chimey Palden, Chimey Palden (Chime) | 21 | China | Political situation in Tibet | Monk of Tsodun monastery, Barkham, Amdo. Forcibly removed to hospital by Chinese security forces.[114][115] Died later that day around midnight.[116] |
March 30, 2012 | Shyamapuri Shankar, Shyamapuri Shankar | 24 | India | Provincial statehood demand for Telangana | [117] |
March 30, 2012 | Bandavath Suresh, Bandavath Suresh | 25 | India | Provincial statehood demand for Telangana | Suffered 50% burns.[118] |
July 14, 2012 | Moshe Silman, Moshe Silman | 57 | Israel | Social justice march in Tel Aviv | Social justice activist, suffered 90% burns.[119] Died of his wounds on July 20 in an Israeli hospital.[120] |
July 15, 2012 | Classified, Classified | 30 | Israel | Social injustice protest | Protested his debts.[121] |
July 16, 2012 | Zion Vaknin[122], Zion Vaknin[123] | 46 | Israel | Social injustice protest | At Beersheba's city hall, in protest of debts.[124] |
July 18, 2012 | Valentina Gerasimovna, Valentina Gerasimovna | 57 | Russia | A woman attempted self-immolation at the public reception center of the ruling United Russia party in Novosibirsk. She earlier addressed the party's public reception center for legal advice as an apartment buyer.[125][126] Died in the hospital.[127] | |
July 20, 2012 | Akiva Mafi, Akiva Mafi | 45 | Israel | social injustice protest | Akiva Mafi[128] (45) Disabled IDF veteran sets himself on fire in Yehud, on behalf of wounded veterans.[129][130] Died August 1, 2012.[131] New agency established to prevent more cases. |
July 30, 2012 | Dang Thi Kim Lieng, Tạ Phong Tần's mother | 64 | Vietnam | earlier to a trial against her daughter | Protest against 2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists[132] Set herself on fire in the early morning, died en route to the hospital in the afternoon of the same Monday.[133] |
November 26, 2013 | Bowatte Indrarathana Thera | 30 | Sri Lanka | Government allow religious minorities slaughter cows.[134] | |
June 20, 2014 | Thu Hoang | 71 | United States | Apparent protest by a Vietnamese man of a Chinese state-owned oil rig being placed into waters contested by Vietnam in the South China Sea [135] | |
June 23, 2014 | Charles Moore | 79 | United States | Social injustice[136] | Set himself alight in a strip mall parking lot, died upon arrival at hospital. |
June 29, 2014 | A man, A man | 63 | Japan | Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution[137] | Set himself on fire after making a long speech near Shinjuku Station. He survived.[138] |
November 11, 2014 | A man, A man | Japan | Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution [139] | Set himself on fire in Hibiya Park, leaving a protest note. Had set up a camera to film his own self-immolation. He died.[138] | |
December 12, 2014 | A man, A man | 29 | Tilburg, Netherlands | Set himself on fire at the entrance of the city centre's police bureau, after which witnesses saw the man trying to get inside the building. The victim died after being rushed to the hospital.[140][141] | |
August 12, 2015 | Choi Yeon-yeol | 80 | Seoul, South Korea | Japanese colonization of Korea and military conduct during WWII[142] | Set himself on fire in a flower bed near the Japanese embassy during an anti-Japan protest by "comfort women" (survivors of WWII Japanese military brothels). Injuries sustained were not life-threatening. Condition Pending.[143] |
October 18, 2015 | Khodayar Amini | 30 | Melbourne, Australia | Australian Refugee Policy | Mr Amini, who was previously held at the Yongah Hill detention centre, reportedly made a video call to advocates Sarah Ross and Michelle Bui, saying he feared he would be returned to detention because department officials wanted to interview him. Ms Bui said Mr Amini had been living in Sydney but she was unaware of the details of the charges. Asylum seekers living in the community on bridging visas who had "interactions" with police could be taken back to detention, she said, adding Mr Amini was due to speak to immigration officials on Monday, which "directly contributed to the stress that he felt". During the video call he self-immolated.[144] |
April 27, 2016 | Omid Masoumali | 23 | Australian Refugee Detention camp on Nauru | Australia's policy of mandatory offshore indefinite detention and permanent exile of refugees and asylum seekers who arrive in Australia by sea | During a visit to the camp by representatives of a UNHCR fundraising arm (Australia For UNHCR) refugees were told to expect to remain on Nauru for "another ten years",[145] the Iranian refugee known as "Omid" covered himself in flammable liquid and set himself alight shouting at the delegation "We're sick and exhausted! You've destroyed our lives! Did you come just to gape at our misery? We lead miserable lives! You've been torturing us for three years!"[146] After more than 24 hours without adequate medical attention he was airlifted by private contractor to Brisbane, Australia where he died on 29 April 2016 from his burns.[147] |
May 2, 2016 | Hodan Yasi | 21 | Australian Refugee Detention camp on Nauru | Australia's policy of mandatory offshore indefinite detention and permanent exile of refugees and asylum seekers who arrive in Australia by sea | The young refugee woman from Somalia (variously referred to as Hadon/Hodan and Yasin/Yasi) had been in Brisbane, Australia for medical treatment before being forcibly removed from Australia in the middle of the night on April 27, 2016, with 2 other refugees, and returned to Nauru Detention Camp.[148] |
2010s Economic self-immolations
This is a sub-list of self-immolations caused by the European sovereign-debt crisis and related politico-economic reasons. These, while technically due to financial reasons, in reality are also a protest against the political ineffectiveness in the face of this crisis, as well as against the political decisions taken in the years leading up to it, which directly or indirectly allowed the crisis to develop.
Date | Name | Age | Location | Protesting | Notes and references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
September 2011 | Apostolos Polyzonis, Apostolos Polyzonis | 55 | Thessaloniki, Greece | European sovereign-debt crisis | Man set himself on fire in front of a bank.[149] |
August 6, 2012 | Unknown, Unknown | 60 | Chalcis, Greece | European sovereign-debt crisis | Retired footballer.[150] |
October 13, 2012 | Unknown, Unknown | 32 | Berlin, Germany | European sovereign-debt crisis | [151] |
October 18, 2012 | Unknown, Unknown | 55 | Rome, Italy | European sovereign-debt crisis | Romanian man, father of six. |
January 3, 2013 | Unknown, Unknown | 57 | Malaga, Spain | European sovereign-debt crisis | Moroccan man.[152] |
January 4, 2013 | Unknown, Unknown | 63 | Malaga, Spain | European sovereign-debt crisis | [153] |
February 18, 2013 | Trayan Marechkov, Trayan Marechkov | 26 | Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria | European sovereign-debt crisis, part of the 2013 Bulgarian protests | Died on the spot, at a central crossroads, in front of the central office of a private bank.[154] |
February 20, 2013 | Plamen Goranov, Plamen Goranov | 36 | Varna, Bulgaria | Corruption and monopolies,[155] demanded the resignation of Varna's mayor Kiril Yordanov and the Municipal Council,[156] part of the 2013 Bulgarian protests against the Borisov cabinet. | Mountain climber and photographer. Set himself alight in front of the municipality. Died 11 days later in hospital.[157][158] |
February 26, 2013 | Ventzislav Vasilev, Ventzislav Vasilev | 53 | Radnevo, Bulgaria | European sovereign-debt crisis, part of the 2013 Bulgarian protests. | Father of five.[159] Set himself on fire and entered the Radnevo municipality. Died in hospital two weeks later. |
March 13, 2013 | Dimitar Dimitrov, Dimitar Dimitrov | 51 | Sofia, Bulgaria | European sovereign-debt crisis, part of the 2013 Bulgarian protests. | Set himself on fire in front of the presidency. Hospitalized with life-threatening injuries.[160][161] |
See also
References
- ↑ Sharon LaFraniere, More Monks Die by Fire in Protest of Beijing, New York Times, January 9, 2012
- ↑ Nada Bakri, Self-Immolation Is on the Rise in the Arab World, New York Times, January 20, 2012.
- ↑ Language, Emotion, and Politics in South India. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "The Pacifists". Time Magazine, November 12, 1965; accessed July 23, 2007.
- ↑ Buckley, Thomas. "Man, 22, Immolates Himself In Antiwar Protest at U.N." New York Times (1857–Current file); November 10, 1965; ProQuest Historical Newspapers search( New York Times (1851–2004)).
- ↑ Thomas Merton and Thich Nhat Hanh. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "BBC ON THIS DAY - 10/16/1967: Joan Baez arrested in Vietnam protest". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ 明日への葬列—60年代反権力闘争に斃れた10人の遺志 - 高橋和巳 編集、合同出版 1970年
- ↑ "Bush's brutal war stirs memories of Vietnam - The Japan Times". The Japan Times. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ Japan 1968: The Performance of Violence and the Theater of Protest(AHR)
- ↑ uk:Макух Василь Омелянович
- ↑ Tom Vlek. "Sndor Bauer: TOTALITA". Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ Keen, H. "San Diego student who set self afire in war protest dies", Los Angeles Times, May 12, 1970
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Literature in Canada. google.com. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
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- ↑ Biggs, Michael (2005). "Dying Without Killing: Self-Immolations, 1963–2002" (PDF). In Diego Gambetta. Making Sense of Suicide Missions. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-929797-9.
- ↑ Sunderland, Judith. (2002). From the Household to the Factory: China's campaign against Falungong. Human Rights Watch; ISBN 1-56432-269-6
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- ↑ "BBC NEWS - UK - Scotland - Glasgow and West - Fire protest asylum seeker dies". Retrieved December 20, 2014.
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- 1 2 "Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Tapey". http://www.savetibet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2011. External link in
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(help) - ↑ "Telangana protestor succumbs to 80 pc burns". IBNLive. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
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- ↑ "Student commits suicide for Telangana, Osmania Univ tense". dna. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
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(help) - ↑ "Fresh Telangana stir over students death". indianexpress.com. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "Algerian dies from self-immolation". http://english.aljazeera.net. Retrieved January 17, 2011. External link in
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(help) - ↑ "Student commits suicide for Telangana". rediff.com. October 2, 2011. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ Mauritanian man sets himself ablaze in capital, google.com; accessed May 7, 2015.
- ↑ "Lensman attempts suicide". The Times of India. February 21, 2011.
- 1 2 (Spanish) China endurecerá la seguridad en las regiones tibetanas tras las inmolaciones- ABC
- ↑ "Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Phuntsog". SaveTibet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ "New Ngaba Video Refutes Beijing's Version of the Situation There". YouTube. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Self-Immolation Fact Sheet(Archived at WebCite)
- ↑ "American Father Self-Immolates To Protest Against Family Courts". International Business Times. June 17, 2011.
- ↑ "Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Tsewang Norbu". SaveTibet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Tsewang Norbu of Tawu Nyitso monastery self-immolated to protest against Chinese rule in Tibet.wmv (caution, upsetting video)". YouTube. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Lobsang Kunchok". SaveTibet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Lobsang Konchok, 18, self immolated on 26 September 2011 (caution, upsetting video)". http://YouTube.com. Retrieved November 16, 2011. External link in
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(help) - ↑ "Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Lobsang Kelsang". SaveTibet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Kelsang Wangchuk". SaveTibet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Kayang". SaveTibet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Choepel". SaveTibet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Two Tibetans injured in self-immolation". China Daily. October 8, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Norbu Damdrul". SaveTibet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Tenzin Wangmo". SaveTibet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ Foster, Peter (November 16, 2011). "Chinese man sets himself on fire in Tiananmen Square". London, UK: The Telegraph. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Dawa Tsering". SaveTibet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Palden Choetso". SaveTibet.org. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Dalai Lama Blames Chinese 'Cultural Genocide' for Self-Immolations". VOA. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "AFP: Indian police halt Tibetan's self-immolation bid". Google. November 4, 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
- ↑ "Tibetan Sets Himself on Fire in Indian Capital". Voice of America. November 4, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
- ↑ Burke, Jason (January 13, 2012). "Protesters' stories: Sherab Tsedor and Tibet". London, UK: Guardian UK. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
- ↑ "Ethiopian man burns himself to death in protest". http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com. Retrieved November 17, 2011. External link in
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(help) - 1 2 "Tibetan Dies after Self Immolation in TAR". TCHRD. December 9, 2011. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
- ↑ "A Former Monk Self Immolates in Chamdo". TCHRD.org. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
- ↑ "First self-immolation in Tibet Autonomous Region; former monk sets himself on fire". SaveTibet.org. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ↑ "Farmer in stable condition after setting himself on fire". China Daily. December 2, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
- ↑ "Self-immolating student buried today". The Jakarta Post. December 17, 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
- ↑ "Self-Immolation Fact Sheet | International Campaign for Tibet". Savetibet.org. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
- ↑ "Self-Immolation Fact Sheet". Savetibet.org. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
- ↑ "Self-Immolation Fact Sheet". Savetibet.org. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
- ↑ VOA Tibetan (January 9, 2012). "A Tibetan Lama Self-immolates in Golok Darlak". Voanews.com. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
- ↑ "Self-Immolation Fact Sheet". Savetibet.org. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
- ↑ Lafraniere, Sharon (February 5, 2012). "3 Tibetan Herders Self-Immolate in Anti-Chinese Protest". NYtimes. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
- ↑ Wee, Sui-Lee (February 5, 2012). "Three Tibetans self-immolate in western China: report". Reuters. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
- ↑ "Rigzin Dorje dies in hospital and Lobsang Kunchok's limbs amputated". Phayul.com. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
- ↑ "Tibet Immolation Factsheet - Sonam Rabyang". International Campaign for Tibet. March 30, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
- ↑ "Self-immolation Fact Sheet: Tenzin Choedron". SaveTibet.org. March 30, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
- ↑ "18 year old nun Tenzin Choedron passes away". Phayul.com. February 13, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
- ↑ "Tibet Immolation Factsheet - Lobsang Gyatso". International Campaign for Tibet. March 30, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
- ↑ "Nineteen year old Kirti monk sets fire to himself in Ngaba". International Campaign for Tibet. February 13, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
- ↑
- ↑ "Tibetan Sets Himself on Fire in China". The Wall Street Journal. March 6, 2012.
- ↑ "Tibet Immolation Factsheet - Gapey". International Campaign for Tibet. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
- ↑ "Tibetan Monk Self-Immolates in Western China", Associated Press/ABC News.
- ↑ Phayul.com (March 16, 2012). "Yet Another Self-Immolation Marks a year of Fiery Protests", phayul.com
- ↑ "Tibet Immolation Factsheet - Sonam Thargyal". International Campaign for Tibet. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
- ↑ "Farmer Dies in New Burning Protest". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
- ↑ "Telangana erupts as activists take their own lives". Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "Youth succumbs to burns". IBNLive. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "Tibetan dies from self-immolation in India before Hu visit". Reuters. March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
- ↑ "Tibetan lights self on fire at anti-China protest". Associated Press. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
- 1 2 Hindustan Times. "Another man dies for Telangana, TRS calls for shutdown". http://www.hindustantimes.com. Retrieved December 20, 2014. External link in
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(help) - ↑ "AP: Suicide politics back on the boil". IBNLive. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "One more suicide attempt for Telangana". IBNLive. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "Two attempt suicide for Telangana". The Times of India. March 28, 2012.
- ↑ "Another suicide for Telangana". IBNLive. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "Fire rages on: Tibetan monk dies in fiery protest". Phayul.com. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
- ↑ "Tibet Immolation Factsheet - Lobsang Sherab". International Campaign for Tibet. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
- ↑ "Kirti Monk Self-Immolates, Dies". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
- ↑ "Tibet Immolation Factsheet - Tenpa Darjey". International Campaign for Tibet. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
- 1 2 "Two More Monks Burn Themselves". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
- ↑ "Tibet Immolation Factsheet - Chimey Palden". International Campaign for Tibet. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
- ↑ "Self-immolation death toll rises to 24 in Tibet, Chimey Palden declared dead". Phayul.com. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
- ↑ "Another youth attempts suicide for Telangana". The Times Of India. April 1, 2012.
- ↑ "Another suicide attempt by Telangana supporter". The Times Of India. March 31, 2012.
- ↑ "Social justice activist sets himself on fire in Tel Aviv". Jerusalem Post. July 14, 2012.
- ↑ "Activist Silman who set self on fire dies of wounds". Jerusalem Post. July 20, 2012.
- ↑ אדם ניסה להצית עצמו בסניף אורנג' בפתח תקווה. nrg.co.il (in Hebrew). July 16, 2012.
- ↑ "mynet באר שבע - ציון וקנין מב"ש מספר למה ניסה להצית את עצמו". ynet. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "mynet באר שבע - ציון וקנין מב"ש מספר למה ניסה להצית את עצמו". ynet. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ דרמה בב"ש: ניסה להצית עצמו מול בניין העיריה. ynetews (in Hebrew). July 16, 2012.
- ↑ Investigators probe incitement to suicide in self-immolation attempt at United Russia public center in Novosibirsk (Part 2), interfax.com; accessed May 7, 2015.
- ↑ "Police Probe Self-Immolation Act In Ruling Party’s Office In Siberia". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ Novosibirsk self-immolation woman dies in hospital
- ↑ "Disabled IDF veteran sets himself on fire in Yehud". Haaretz.com. July 22, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ He made that because of the social serives
- ↑ Brother of the 45-year-old disabled veteran who self-immolated at Yehud bus stop tells Haaretz: "The army loves you three feet under, but doesn't love you when you're wounded."
- ↑ Disabled veteran who set himself on fire dies Akiva Mafi'i, 45, who self-immolated at a bus stop in Yahud some 10 days ago, succumbs to wounds, ynetnews
- ↑ "Vietnamese blogger's mother sets herself on fire as daughter faces trial". the Guardian. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ Kamila Shamsie (5 August 2012). "Vietnam's blog shame". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
- ↑ "fervour that ended in a fatal fire". Dailymirror.lk. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "Bradenton Herald & Lakewood Ranch Herald". Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "In dying act, minister hoped to inspire social justice". dallasnews.com. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "Japanese man self-immolates in pro-pacifist constitution protest". rt.com. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- 1 2 "Man burns himself to death in Tokyo park, leaves note protesting shift to collective self-defense". japantimes.co.jp. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
- ↑ "Japanese Mass Media Buries Self-Immolation Protest Over Abe Government's Constitutional Coup". japanfocus.org. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "Man steekt zich in brand voor politiebureau en overlijdt" (in Dutch). Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "UPDATE: Man die zich in brand stak overleden". Spitsnieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved December 20, 2014.
- ↑ "South Korean Man, 80, Sets Self on Fire at Anti-Japan Rally". The New York Times. 2015-08-12. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
- ↑ Boroweic, Steven. "South Korean man lights himself on fire during anti-Japan protest in Seoul". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
- ↑ http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/asylum-seeker-selfimmolates-amid-fears-he-would-be-sent-back-to-detention-senate-hearing-told-20151019-gkd81v.html#ixzz47bc7tRH0
- ↑ http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2016/s4454004.htm
- ↑ http://observers.france24.com/en/20160429-iranian-refugee-dies-nauru-island-australia-fire
- ↑ "Iranian Asylum Seeker Severely Burnt After Setting Himself On Fire On Nauru".
- ↑ http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-02/second-refugee-sets-themselves-alight-on-nauru/7377710
- ↑ Why Apostolos Polyzonis set himself on fire in Greece, BBC, October 19, 2011.
- ↑ Greece Suicides Epidemic, 350 Greek Tragedies in Athens in June Alone, Market Oracle, August 16, 2012.
- ↑ Man sets himself no fire in front of Reichstag, berliner-zeitung.de, October 13, 2012.(German)
- ↑ Impoverished Málaga man who set fire to himself dies, elpais.com, January 4, 2013.
- ↑ Spain Malaga: Jobless man 'burns himself to death', bbc.co.uk, January 4, 2013.
- ↑ 26-year-old Tarnovo resident sets himself on fire because of poverty, borbabg.com, February 20, 2013.(Bulgarian)
- ↑ Plamen Goranov protesting "Down with TIM" in the city of Varna note TIM being allegedly a major monopolist organisation, Bivol, February 24, 2013.
- ↑ Bulgarian mayor resigns after man sets himself on fire, Reuters, March 6, 2013.
- ↑ Man who self-immolated in Varna being operated on today, Trud.bg, 25 February 2013.(Bulgarian)
- ↑ Plamen Goranov dies, Varna in mourning, trud.bg, March 4, 2013.(Bulgarian)
- ↑ Impoverished 53-year-old self-immolates in Radnevo municipality, 24chasa.bg, February 26, 2013.(Bulgarian)
- ↑ 51-year-old self-immolates in front of presidency, Monitor.bg, March 14, 2013.(Bulgarian)
- ↑ Poverty in Bulgaria drives more to make ultimate sacrifice, BBC.co.uk, May 8, 2013; retrieved May 7, 2015.
External links
- "The Self Immolators"; a chronological list (bookform) containing the biographies and last statements of all known self immolators since Thích Quảng Đức in 1967.
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