United States House of Representatives elections, 1886

United States House of Representatives elections, 1886
United States
November 2, 1886[Note 1]

All 325 seats to the United States House of Representatives
163 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader John G. Carlisle Thomas Brackett Reed
Party Democratic Republican
Last election 183 seats[Note 2] 141 seats
Seats won 167[1] 154[1][Note 3]
Seat change Decrease 16 Increase 13

  Third party Fourth party Fifth party
 
Party Labor Greenback Independent
Last election 0 seats 1 seat 0 seats
Seats won 2[1] 1[1] 1[1][Note 4]
Seat change Increase 2 Steady Increase 1

Speaker before election

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

Elected Speaker

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1886 for Representatives to the 50th Congress, taking place in the middle of President Grover Cleveland's first term.

As in many midterm elections, Cleveland's Democratic Party lost seats to the opposition Republican Party, although a narrow majority was retained. Many of these Republican pickups were in the industrializing Midwest states, where the debate over tariffs, which were advocated by Republicans to protect domestic industry but opposed by Democrats to allow for free agricultural trade, led to political change. The small Labor Party, supported by industrial workers, gained one seat each in Virginia (VA-06) and Wisconsin (WI-04), while the Greenback Party maintained its one seat in Iowa (James B. Weaver of IA-06). John Nichols was also elected as an Independent to NC-04.

Election summaries

167 2 1 1 2 152
Democratic La I Gb IR Republican
State Type Total
seats
Democratic Republican Others
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District 8 8 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Arkansas District 5 5 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
California District 6 2 Increase 1 4 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Colorado At-large 1 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Connecticut District 4 2 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Delaware At-large 1 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Florida District 2 2 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Georgia District 10 10 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Illinois District 20 6 Decrease 4 14 Increase 4 0 Steady
Indiana District 13 6 Decrease 3 7 Increase 3 0 Steady
Iowa District 11 1 Decrease 2 9[Note 5] Increase 2 1[Note 6] Steady
Kansas District 7 0 Steady 7[Note 5] Steady 0 Steady
Kentucky District 11 8 Decrease 2 3 Increase 2 0 Steady
Louisiana District 6 6 Increase 1 0 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Maine[Note 7] District 4 0 Steady 4 Steady 0 Steady
Maryland District 6 5 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Massachusetts District 12 4 Increase 2 8 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Michigan District 11 5 Decrease 2 6 Increase 2 0 Steady
Minnesota District 5 3 Increase 3 2 Decrease 3 0 Steady
Mississippi District 7 7 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Missouri District 14 12 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Nebraska District 3 1 Increase 1 2 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Nevada At-large 1 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
New Hampshire District 2 1 Increase 1 1 Decrease 1 0 Steady
New Jersey District 7 2 Decrease 1 5 Increase 1 0 Steady
New York District 34 16 Decrease 1 18 Increase 1 0 Steady
North Carolina District 9 7 Decrease 1 1 Steady 1[Note 4] Increase 1
Ohio District 21 6 Decrease 5 15 Increase 5 0 Steady
Oregon[Note 7] At-large 1 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Pennsylvania District
+ at-large
28 8 Steady 20 Steady 0 Steady
Rhode Island District 2 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
South Carolina District 7 7 Increase 1 0 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Tennessee District 10 8 Increase 1 2 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Texas District 11 11 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Vermont[Note 7] District 2 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Virginia District 10 3 Decrease 5 6 Increase 5 1[Note 8] Increase 1
West Virginia District 4 3 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Wisconsin District 9 1 Decrease 1 7 Steady 1[Note 8] Increase 1
Total 325 167[1]
51.4%
Decrease 16 154[1][Note 3]
47.4%
Increase13 4[1]
1.2%
Increase 3
House seats
Democratic
 
51.38%
Republican
 
47.38%
Labor
 
0.62%
Greenback
 
0.31%
Independent
 
0.31%

There were 2 Labor Party and 1 Independent members elected, and 1 Greenback Party member reelected in Iowa. The previous election saw just the Greenback elected.

[[Image:50 us house membership.png|thumb|left|450px|
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80.1-100% Democratic
  80.1-100% Republican
  60.1-80% Democratic
  60.1-80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican

]]

[[Image:50 us house changes.png|thumb|left|450px|
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
 
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
 
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Independent gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  1-2 Labor gain
  no net change

]]

Early election dates

In 1886, three states, with 7 seats among them, held elections early:

Complete returns

California

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
California 1 Barclay Henley Democratic 1882 Retired
Democratic hold
Thomas Larkin Thompson (D) 50.2%
Charles A. Garter (R) 47.2%
L. W. Simmons (Pr) 2.6%
California 2 James A. Louttit Republican 1884 Retired
Democratic gain
Marion Biggs (D) 50%
J. C. Campbell (R) 47%
W. O. Clark (Pr) 3%
California 3 Joseph McKenna Republican 1884 Re-elected Joseph McKenna (R) 53.1%
Henry C. McPike (D) 44.6%
W. W. Smith (Pr) 2.4%
California 4 William W. Morrow Republican 1884 Re-elected William W. Morrow (R) 48.7%
Frank McCoppin (D) 42%
Charles A. Sumner (I) 9%
Robert Thompson (Pr) 0.4%
California 5 Charles N. Felton Republican 1884 Re-elected Charles N. Felton (R) 48.8%
Frank J. Sullivan (D) 48.4%
C. Henderson (Pr) 1.4%
A. E. Redstone (I) 1.4%
California 6 Henry Markham Republican 1884 Retired
Republican hold
William Vandever (R) 47.3%
Joseph D. Lynch (D) 47.1%
W. A. Harris (Pr) 5.6%

Florida

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
Florida 1 Robert H. M. Davidson Democratic 1876 Re-elected Robert H. M. Davidson (D) 66.2%
C. B. Pendleton (R) 33.8%
Florida 2 Charles Dougherty Democratic 1884 Re-elected Charles Dougherty (D) 53.9%
J. C. Greeley (R) 44.9%
R. B. Norment (Pr) 1.2%

South Carolina

District Incumbent Party First
elected
Result Candidates
South Carolina 1 Samuel Dibble Democratic 1882 Re-elected Samuel Dibble (D) 99.9%
Others 0.1%
South Carolina 2 George D. Tillman Democratic 1878 Re-elected George D. Tillman (D) 99.6%
Others 0.4%
South Carolina 3 D. Wyatt Aiken Democratic 1876 Retired
Democratic hold
James S. Cothran (D) 99.8%
Others 0.2%
South Carolina 4 William H. Perry Democratic 1884 Re-elected William H. Perry (D) 100%
South Carolina 5 John J. Hemphill Democratic 1882 Re-elected John J. Hemphill (D) 99.9%
Others 0.1%
South Carolina 6 George W. Dargan Democratic 1882 Re-elected George W. Dargan (D) 98.7%
Others 1.3%
South Carolina 7 Robert Smalls Republican 1884 (special) Lost re-election
Democratic gain
William Elliott (D) 52.0%
Robert Smalls (R) 47.8%
Others 0.2%

See also

Notes

  1. Three states held early elections between June 7 and September 10.
  2. Included 1 Independent Democrat.
  3. 1 2 Includes 2 Independent Republicans, John Alexander Anderson elected to KS-05, and Albert R. Anderson to IA-08.
  4. 1 2 John Nichols was elected as an Independent to NC-04.
  5. 1 2 Includes 1 Independent Republican.
  6. Greenback Party
  7. 1 2 3 Elections held early.
  8. 1 2 Labor Party

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Martis, pp. 140–141.

Bibliography

External links

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