United States House of Representatives elections, 1792

United States House of Representatives elections, 1792

August 27, 1792 - September 6, 1793

All 105 seats to the United States House of Representatives 53 seats were needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Leader Frederick Muhlenberg[1] Theodore Sedgwick Party Anti-Administration Pro-Administration Leader's seat Pennsylvania-AL Massachusetts-2nd Last election 30 seats 39 seats Seats won 54 51 Seat change 24 12

Results:   Federalist majority   Anti-Federalist majority   Even split

Speaker before election Jonathan Trumbull Pro-Administration Elected Speaker Frederick Muhlenberg Anti-Administration

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd Congress were held in 1792 and 1793, coinciding with the re-election of George Washington as President. While Washington ran for president as an independent, his followers (more specifically, the supporters of Alexander Hamilton) formed the nation's first organized political party, the Federalist Party, whose members and sympathizers are identified as pro-Administration on this page. In response, followers of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison created the opposition Democratic-Republican Party, who are identified as anti-Administration on this page. The Federalists promoted urbanization, industrialization, mercantilism, centralized government, and a broad interpretation of the United States Constitution. In contrast, Democratic-Republicans supported the ideal of an agrarian republic made up of self-sufficient farmers and small, localized governments with limited power.

Despite nearly unanimous support for Washington as a presidential candidate, Jeffersonian ideas edged out Hamiltonian principles at the ballot box for congressional candidates, with the Democratic-Republicans taking 24 seats more than they had prior to the organization of their political movement. Most of the increase was due to the addition of new seats in Western regions as a result of the United States census of 1790. Dominated by agrarian culture, these Western territories offered strong support to Democratic-Republican congressional candidates. As a result, they secured a thin majority in the legislature.

Election summaries

In this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election, as early as August 1792 (in New Hampshire and Rhode Island) and as late as September 1793 (in Kentucky). In some states, the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year), but as the first session of Congress typically began in November or December, the elections took place before Congress actually met. The 3rd Congress first met on December 2, 1793.

These were the first elections held after reapportionment following the first census. Thirty-six new seats were added,^[2] with 1 state losing 1 seat, 3 states having no change, and the remaining 11 states gaining between 1 and 9 seats. This was the first apportionment based on actual census data, the apportionment for the 1st and 2nd Congresses being set by the Constitution using estimated populations.

↓

54	51
Anti-Administration	Pro-Administration

State	Type	Date	Total seats		Anti- Administration	Pro- Administration
			Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Connecticut	At-large	September 17, 1792	7	2	0		7	2
Delaware	At-large	October 2, 1792	1		1	1	0	1
Georgia	At-large[Note 1]	October 1, 1792	2	1	2	1	0
Maryland	District[Note 2]	October 1, 1792	8	2	4	1	4	1
Massachusetts	Mixed[Note 3]	November 2, 1792[Note 4]	14	6	3	2	11	4
New Hampshire	At-large	August 27, 1792	4	1	1	1	3
New Jersey	At-large	October 9, 1792	5	1	0		5	1
Pennsylvania	At-large[Note 1]	October 9, 1792	13	5	8	4	5	1
Rhode Island	At-large	August 28, 1792	2	1	0	1	2
1793 elections
Kentucky	District (2)	September 6, 1793	2		2		0
New York	District (10)	January 2, 1793	10	4	3	1	7	3
North Carolina	District (10)	February 15, 1793	10	5	9	6	1	1
South Carolina	District (6)	February 5, 1793	6	1	5	3	1	2
Vermont	District (2)	January 7, 1793[Note 5]	2		2		0
Virginia	District (19)	March 18, 1793	19	9	15	7	4	2
Total			105	36	54 51.4%	24	51 48.6%	12

House seats
Anti-Administration			51.43%
Pro-Administration			48.57%

House composition

End of the last Congress

A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	V	P	P	P
Majority→									P
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P	P	P	P	P

Beginning of the next Congress

A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
Majority→									A
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	A	A
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
P	P

Key:	A = Anti-Administration P = Pro-Administration V = Vacant

Late elections to the 2nd Congress

Kentucky

Kentucky was admitted to the union near the end of the 2nd Congress and elected two representatives to serve during the last sessions of that Congress.

District	Result	Candidates
Kentucky 1 Called the Southern District	Anti-Administration win	Christopher Greenup (A)[Note 6] Robert Brackenridge
Kentucky 2 Called the Northern District	Anti-Administration win	Alexander D. Orr (A)[Note 6] Hubbard Taylor

Greenup took his seat on November 9, 1792 and Orr on November 8, 1792.^[3]

Complete returns

The first delegate was elected from the Southwest Territory to the 3rd Congress in 1794.

Connecticut

Connecticut gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1790 census.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Connecticut At-large 7 seats on a general ticket	James Hillhouse	Pro-Administration	1790	Re-elected	Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (P) 14.1% James Hillhouse (P) 13.0% Jonathan Sturges (P) 11.5% Benjamin Huntington (P) 10.6% Jeremiah Wadsworth (P) 10.4% Amasa Learned (P) 9.5% Stephen M. Mitchell (P) 7.8% Uriah Tracy[Note 7] (P) 6.3% Jonathan Ingersoll[Note 7] 5.4% Asher Miller 4.3% Zephaniah Swift[Note 7] (P) 4.3% Tapping Reeve 3.0%
	Amasa Learned	Pro-Administration	1791 (Special)	Re-elected
	Jonathan Sturges	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected
	Jonathan Trumbull, Jr.	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected
	Jeremiah Wadsworth	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected
	None (Seat created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain
	None (Seat created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain

Three special elections followed the 1792 elections in Connecticut after Representatives-elect Sturges and Huntington resigned before the start of Congress and Mitchell was elected to the Senate.

Delaware

Delaware's apportionment did not change following the Census of 1790. As in the 1st and 2nd Congresses, each voter cast votes for two separate candidates, at least one of whom had to be from a different county as the voter.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Delaware At-Large	John M. Vining	Pro-Administration	1789	Lost re-election Anti-Administration hold	John Patten[Note 8] (A) 38.8% Henry Latimer[Note 9] (P) 38.3% Francis Many 11.7% Edward Roche 7.9% Andrew Barrett 3.3%

John Patten (A) was initially declared the winner, but the election was challenged by Henry Latimer. The results of the election were subsequently reversed and Henry Latimer (P) took Delaware's seat in the Third Congress.^[1]

Georgia

Following the Census of 1790, Georgia's apportionment was decreased from 3 seats to 2 (the only state whose representation decreased after the Census of 1790). Georgia switched from separate districts to at-large seats.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Georgia At-large 2 seats on a general ticket	John Milledge Redistricted from the 1st district	Anti-Administration	1792 (special)	Lost re-election Anti-Administration hold	Abraham Baldwin (A) 44.5% Thomas P. Carnes (A) 29.5% George Mathews 10.8% John Milledge (A) 8.1% Scattering 7.0% Francis Willis (A) 0.3%
	Abraham Baldwin Redistricted from the 2nd district	Anti-Administration	1789	Re-elected
	Francis Willis Redistricted from the 3rd district	Anti-Administration	1791	Lost re-election Anti-Administration loss

Kentucky

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Kentucky 1 Called the Southern District	Christopher Greenup	Anti-Administration	1792	Re-elected	Christopher Greenup[Note 6] (A)
Kentucky 2 Called the Northern District	Alexander D. Orr	Anti-Administration	1792	Re-elected	Alexander D. Orr[Note 6] (A)

Maryland

Maryland increased from 6 to 8 representatives after the Census of 1790. The previous mixed district/at-large system was replaced with a conventional district system.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Maryland 1	Philip Key	Pro-Administration	1790	Lost re-election Pro-Administration hold	George Dent (P) 44.7% John Parnham (P) 29.8% Philip Key (P) 25.5%
Maryland 2	John F. Mercer Redistricted from the 3rd district	Anti-Administration	1791 (special)	Re-elected	John F. Mercer (A) 57.0% John Thomas (P) 42.1% Richard A. Contee 0.9%
Maryland 3	None (District created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain	Uriah Forrest (P) 71.8% William Dorsey (A) 28.1% Others 0.1%
Maryland 4	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Thomas Sprigg (A) 100%
Maryland 5	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Samuel Smith (A) 61.1% Charles Ridgely (A) 38.9%
Maryland 6	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Gabriel Christie (A) 63.6% William Matthews (P) 36.4%
Maryland 7	Joshua Seney Redistricted from the 2nd district	Anti-Administration	1789	Retired Pro-Administration gain	William Hindman[Note 10] (P) 51.7% James Tilghman (A) 48.3%
Maryland 8	William V. Murray Redistricted from the 5th district	Pro-Administration	1790	Re-elected	William V. Murray (P) 93.8% Littleton Dennis (P) 5.4% Others 0.9%

John Francis Mercer (A) of the 2nd district resigned April 13, 1794 and was replaced in a special election by Gabriel Duvall (A).

Uriah Forrest (P) of the 3rd district resigned November 8, 1794 and was replaced in a special election by Benjamin Edwards (P).

Massachusetts

Following the Census of 1790, Massachusetts' representation increased from 8 to 14 Representatives and was redistricted into 4 plural districts, plus a single at-large district. The 4th district covered the District of Maine (the modern-day State of Maine). The plural districts were concurrent tickets rather than a single general ticket, though the 1st and 2nd districts appear to have also had a general ticket alongside the more specific tickets.

As before, a majority was required for election, in those districts where a majority was not achieved, additional ballots were required.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					First ballot	Second ballot	Third ballot
Massachusetts 1	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Jonathan Jones 39.8% William Heath 31.0% James Bowdoin 23.2% Theophilus Parsons 6.0%	Jonathan Jones 29.3% Samuel Holten (A) 25.6% James Bowdoin 17.1% Samuel Sewall (P) 13.1% William Heath 8.3% Joseph Bradley Varnum (A) 3.8% Elbridge Gerry (A) 2.8%	Samuel Holten (A) 69.9% Benjamin Austin 30.1%
Massachusetts 1 Essex	Benjamin Goodhue Redistricted from the 2nd district	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected	Benjamin Goodhue (P) 100%
Massachusetts 1 Middlesex	Elbridge Gerry Redistricted from the 3rd district	Anti-Administration	1788	Lost re-election Pro-Administration gain	Samuel Dexter (P) 61.4% Joseph Bradley Varnum (A) 26.2% Elbridge Gerry (A) 12.4%
Massachusetts 1 Suffolk	Fisher Ames	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected	Fisher Ames (P) 62.4% Benjamin Austin 37.6%
Massachusetts 2	None (District created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain	Samuel Lyman (P) 41.3% Theodore Sedgwick (P) 37.9% William Lyman (A) 6.7% Samuel Moorhaus 6.2% Simson Strong 4.% Dwight Foster (P) 3.5%	Samuel Lyman (P) 35.4% Dwight Foster (P) 25.1% Thomson J. Skinner (A) 19.6% William Lyman (A) 12.1% Jonathan Grout (A) 4.0% William Shepard (P) 3.8%	Dwight Foster (P) 55.3% Samuel Lyman (P) 44.7%
Massachusetts 2 Berkshire	Theodore Sedgwick Redistricted from the 4th district	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected	Theodore Sedgwick (P) 63.8% Thomson J. Skinner (A) 29.1% John Bacon (A) 7.1%
Massachusetts 2 Hampshire	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Samuel Lyman (P) 37.4% William Lyman (A) 32.3% Thomas Dwight (P) 16.8% Samuel Hinshaur 6.7% John Williams 3.6% Dwight Foster (P) 3.1%	William Lyman (A) 38.0% Samuel Lyman (P) 31.3% William Shepard (P) 18.0% Thomas Dwight (P) 12.7%	William Lyman (A) 53.1% Samuel Lyman (P) 46.9%
Massachusetts 2 Worcester	Artemas Ward Redistricted from the 7th district	Pro-Administration	1790	Re-elected	Artemas Ward (P) 59.5% Jonathan Grout (A) 36.8% Dwight Foster (P) 3.8%
Massachusetts 3 Barnstable, Dukes, & Nantucket	George Leonard Redistricted from the 6th district	Pro-Administration	1788	Lost re-election Pro-Administration hold	Peleg Coffin, Jr. (P) 52.6% George Leonard (P) 34.3% Phanuel Bishop (A) 13.1%
Massachusetts 3 Bristol & Plymouth	Shearjashub Bourne Redistricted from the 5th district	Pro-Administration	1790	Re-elected	John Davis 49.2% Shearjashub Bourne (P) 26.1% James Warren 24.8%	Shearjashub Bourne (P) 53.0% John Davis 40.6% James Warren 6.4%
District 4 Cumberland	None (District created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain	Daniel Davis 40.0% Peleg Wadsworth (P) 38.6% Robert Southgate 11.7% Josiah Thacker 9.8%	Peleg Wadsworth (P) 48.4% Daniel Davis 42.2% Robert Southgate 9.4%	Peleg Wadsworth (P) 58.0% Daniel Davis 42.0%
Massachusetts 4 Lincoln, Hancock, & Washington	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	William Lithgow 49.98% Henry Dearborn (A) 32.2% Daniel Coney 11.8% Alan Campbell 6.0%	Henry Dearborn (A) 60.9% William Lithgow 39.1%
Massachusetts 4 York	George Thatcher Redistricted from the 8th district	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected	George Thatcher (P) 57.7% Nathaniel Wells 35.4% Tristan Jordan 6.9%
Massachusetts at-large	None (District created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain	David Cobb (P) 52.6% Charles Jarvis 9.6% William Heath 6.9% Theodore Sedgwick (P) 4.9% Elbridge Gerry (A) 2.1% Jonathan Jones 1.9% Fisher Ames (P) 1.7% James Sullivan (A) 1.5% Samuel Horton 1.3% Scattering 17.4%

New Hampshire

New Hampshire increased from 3 seats to 4 seats after the Census of 1790.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
New Hampshire at-large 4 seats on a general ticket	Jeremiah Smith	Pro-Administration	1790	Re-elected	Jeremiah Smith (P) 24.1% Nicholas Gilman (P) 16.3% John Samuel Sherburne (A) 14.2% Paine Wingate (P) 12.2% Abiel Foster (P) 8.9% James Sheafe (P) 8.2% Nathaniel Peabody 7.7% Timothy Walker 4.0% William Page 2.3% Joshua Atherton 2.3%
	Samuel Livermore	Pro-Administration	1788	Retired Anti-Administration gain
	Nicholas Gilman	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected
	None (Seat created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain

New Jersey

Following the Census of 1790, New Jersey's apportionment increased from 4 to 5 seats.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 11]
New Jersey At-Large 5 seats on a general ticket	Elias Boudinot	Pro-Administration	1789	Re-elected	John Beatty (P) 16.4% Jonathan Dayton (P) 13.4% Abraham Clark (P) 11.8% Elias Boudinot (P) 10.8% Lambert Cadwalader (P) 10.1% Thomas Sinnickson (P) 48.7% Aaron Kitchell[Note 7] (P) 8.6% James Linn 5.2% Jonathan Elmer (P) 4.4% Samuel Dick 4.1% Thomas Henderson 2.9%
	Abraham Clark	Pro-Administration	1791	Re-elected
	Jonathan Dayton	Pro-Administration	1791	Re-elected
	Aaron Kitchell	Pro-Administration	1791	Lost re-election Pro-Administration hold
	None (Seat created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain

Abraham Clark (P) died on September 15, 1794. The resulting vacancy was filled in a special election by Aaron Kitchell (P)

New York

Due to re-apportionment following the Census of 1790, New York's congressional delegation grew from 6 to 10. Three incumbents ran for re-election, two of whom won, and the other three incumbents retired. With the increase following re-apportionment, this left seven open seats.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
New York 1	Thomas Tredwell	Anti-Administration	1791 (Special)	Re-elected	Thomas Tredwell (A) 50.1% Joshua Sands (P) 26.6% Harry Peters (P) 23.3%
New York 2	None (District created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain	John Watts (P) 72.6% William S. Livingston (A) 27.3%
New York 3	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Philip Van Courtlandt (A) 55.5% Richard Hatfield (P) 44.5%
New York 4	Cornelius C. Schoonmaker	Anti-Administration	1790	Lost re-election Pro-Administration gain	Peter Van Gaasbeck (P) 47.3% John Hathorn (A) 46.8% John Carpenter (A) 2.3% Cornelius C. Schoonmaker (A) 1.7% William Thompson (A) 1.3% Jesse Woodhull (A) 0.6%
New York 5	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Theodorus Bailey (A) 53.6% James Kent (P) 46.4%
New York 6	None (District created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain	Ezekiel Gilbert (P) 35.1% Peter R. Livingston (A) 34.1% Peter Van Ness (A) 30.8%
New York 7	None (District created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain	John E. Van Alen (P) 56.9%[Note 12] Henry K. Van Rensselaer (A) 42.5% Thomas Sickles (A) 0.6%
New York 8	None (District created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain	Henry Glen (P) 63.8% Jeremiah Van Rensselaer (A) 36.2%
New York 9	James Gordon Redistricted from the 6th district	Pro-Administration	1790	Re-elected	James Gordon (P) 46.0% John Williams (A) 41.2% John M. Thompson (A) 12.8%
New York 10	None (District created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain	Silas Talbot (P) 34.1% William Cooper (P) 26.6% John Winn (A) 25.7% Andrew Fink (A) 11.3% Josiah Crane (A) 2.4%

Silas Talbot (P) of the 10th district subsequently resigned from the House to take a Naval appointment June, 1794, no special election held so his seat was vacant for part of the Third Congress

North Carolina

Following the Census of 1790, North Carolina's apportionment increased from 5 to 10 seats.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
North Carolina 1	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Joseph McDowell (A)[Note 6]
North Carolina 2	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Matthew Locke (A)[Note 6] Alexander[Note 13] (P) Montford Stokes
North Carolina 3	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Joseph Winston (A)[Note 6] Jesse Franklin (A) John Williams (A) James Martin Clarke[Note 13]
North Carolina 4	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Alexander Mebane (A) 44.8% Stephen Moore (P) 39.0% Ambrose Ramsay 16.2%
North Carolina 5	Nathaniel Macon Redistricted from the 2nd district	Anti-Administration	1791	Re-elected	Nathaniel Macon (A)[Note 6]
North Carolina 6	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	James Gillespie (A)[Note 6] William Henry Hill (P) Benjamin Smith
North Carolina 7	William B. Grove Redistricted from the 5th district	Pro-Administration	1791	Re-elected	William B. Grove (P) 100%[Note 6]
North Carolina 8	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	William J. Dawson (A) 63.8% Stephen Cabarrus (A) 36.1% William Cumming 0.2%
North Carolina 9	John B. Ashe Redistricted from the 3rd district	Anti-Administration	1790	Lost re-election Anti-Administration hold	Thomas Blount (A)[Note 6] John B. Ashe (A) John Leigh (P)
North Carolina 10	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Benjamin Williams (A)[Note 6] William Maclure (A)

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania switched from using districts to electing its representatives on an at-large basis for the 3rd Congress, just as it had done for the 1st Congress. This would be the last time that Pennsylvania would elect all of its Representatives at-large. Due to re-apportionment following the Census of 1790, Pennsylvania's delegation increased from 8 representatives to 13.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[4]
Pennsylvania At-Large 13 seats on a general ticket	Thomas Fitzsimons Redistricted from the 1st district	Pro-Administration	1788	re-elected	William Findley (A) 8.21% Frederick Muhlenberg (A) 8.01% Daniel Hiester (A) 7.96% William Irvine (A) 7.67% John W. Kittera (P) 7.39% Thomas Hartley (P) 7.06% Peter Muhlenberg (A) 5.40% Thomas Fitzsimons (P) 4.46% Andrew Gregg (A) 4.30% James Armstrong (P) 4.29% William Montgomery (A) 4.22% John Smilie (A) 4.15% Thomas Scott (P) 4.13% Samuel Sitgreaves (P) 3.86% Jonathan D. Sergeant (A) 3.74% John Barclay (A) 3.70% Charles Thomson (A) 3.68% William Bingham (P) 3.59% Henry Wynkoop (P) 3.55% Israel Jacobs (P) 0.65%
	Frederick Muhlenberg Redistricted from the 2nd district	Anti-Administration	1788	re-elected
	Israel Jacobs Redistricted from the 3rd district	Pro-Administration	1791	lost re-election Pro-Administration hold
	Daniel Hiester Redistricted from the 4th district	Anti-Administration	1788	re-elected
	John W. Kittera Redistricted from the 5th district	Pro-Administration	1791	re-elected
	Andrew Gregg Redistricted from the 6th district	Anti-Administration	1791	re-elected
	Thomas Hartley Redistricted from the 7th district	Pro-Administration	1788	re-elected
	William Findley Redistricted from the 8th district	Anti-Administration	1791	re-elected
	None (Seat created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain
	None (Seat created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain
	None (Seat created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain
	None (Seat created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain
	None (Seat created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain

Rhode Island

Rhode Island gained a second representative from the results of the Census of 1790. Rhode Island did not divide itself into districts, but elected two at-large representatives on separate tickets.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Rhode Island At-Large Seat A	Benjamin Bourne	Pro-Administration	1790	Re-elected	Benjamin Bourne (P) 100%
Rhode Island At-Large Seat B	None (Seat created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain	Francis Malbone (P)[Note 6] Paul Mumford

South Carolina

South Carolina gained one representative as a result of the Census of 1790, increasing from 5 to 6.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	William L. Smith	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected	William L. Smith (P) 61.5% Thomas Tudor Tucker (A) 22.2% Jacob Read (P) 16.4%
	Thomas Tudor Tucker Redistricted from the 5th district	Anti-Administration	1788	Lost re-election Anti-Administration loss
South Carolina 2	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	John Hunter (A)[Note 6]
South Carolina 3	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Lemuel Benton (A)[Note 6]
South Carolina 4	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Richard Winn (A)[Note 6]
South Carolina 5	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Alexander Gillon (A)[Note 6]
South Carolina 6	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Andrew Pickens (A)[Note 6]

On October 6, 1794, Alexander Gillon (A) of the 5th district died. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy, which elected Robert Goodloe Harper (P)

Vermont

Vermont's had no apportionment in the House of Representatives before the census of 1790 because it was not admitted to the Union until 1791. Vermont's election laws at the time required a majority to win election to the House of Representatives. If no candidate won a majority, a runoff election was held, which happened in Vermont's 1st district.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[Note 11]
					First ballot	Second ballot
Vermont 1 Known as the Western District	Israel Smith	Anti-Administration	1791	Re-elected	Israel Smith (A) 44.2% Matthew Lyon (A) 33.8% Isaac Tichenor (P) 17.8% Samuel Hitchcock 4.2%	Israel Smith (A) 51.0% Matthew Lyon (A) 44.0% Isaac Tichenor (P) 4.3% Samuel Hitchcock 0.6% Others[Note 14] 0.1%
Vermont 2 Known as the Eastern District	Nathaniel Niles	Anti-Administration	1791	Re-elected	Nathaniel Niles (A) 60.3% Elijah Paine (P) 14.0% Stephen Jacob 7.7% Paul Brigham (A) 4.4% Samuel Cutler 3.9% Daniel Buck (P) 3.5% Isaac Tichenor (P) 2.2% Others 4.0%

Virginia

Virginia gained 9 Representatives from the Census of 1790, and in addition, the old 2nd district was lost after its territory became the new State of Kentucky. There were, therefore, 10 new districts created for the 3rd Congress.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Virginia 1	Alexander White	Pro-Administration	1789	Lost re-election Anti-Administration gain	Robert Rutherford (A) 56.6% John Smith (A) 25.8% Alexander White (P) 17.6%
Virginia 2	Andrew Moore Redistricted from the 3rd district	Anti-Administration	1789	Re-elected	Andrew Moore (A)[Note 6]
Virginia 3	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Joseph Neville (A)[Note 6] George Jackson (A) Jeremiah Jacobs William MacCleery
Virginia 4	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Francis Preston[Note 6][Note 15] (A) Abraham Trigg
Virginia 5	None (District created)			New seat Pro-Administration gain	George Hancock (P) 60.5% Charles Clay 34.0% Calohill Minnis 5.5%
Virginia 6	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Isaac Coles (A)[Note 6]
Virginia 7	Abraham B. Venable Redistricted from the 6th district	Anti-Administration	1790	Re-elected	Abraham B. Venable (A)[Note 6] Joseph Wyatt Thomas Scott (P) Tarlton Woodson (P)
Virginia 8	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Thomas Claiborne (A)[Note 6] Richard Kennon Jesse Brown J. Nicholson
Virginia 9	William B. Giles	Anti-Administration	1790	Re-elected	William B. Giles (A)[Note 6] Robert Bolling
Virginia 10	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Carter B. Harrison (A)[Note 6] John H. Briggs
Virginia 11	Josiah Parker Redistricted from the 8th district	Anti-Administration	1789	Re-elected as Pro-Administration	Josiah Parker (P[Note 16])[Note 6] John Neirson
Virginia 12	John Page Redistricted from the 7th district	Anti-Administration	1789	Re-elected	John Page (A)[Note 6]
Virginia 13	Samuel Griffin Redistricted from the 10th district	Anti-Administration	1789	Re-elected as Pro-Administration	Samuel Griffin (P[Note 17])[Note 6]
Virginia 14	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Francis Walker (A)[Note 6]
Virginia 15	James Madison, Jr. Redistricted from the 5th district	Anti-Administration	1789	Re-elected	James Madison, Jr. (A)[Note 6]
Virginia 16	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	Anthony New (A)[Note 6] John Roane (A) Francis Corbin
Virginia 17	Richard Bland Lee Redistricted from the 4th district	Pro-Administration	1789	Re-elected	Richard Bland Lee (P)[Note 6]
Virginia 18	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	John Nicholas (A)[Note 6] William Pickett
Virginia 19	None (District created)			New seat Anti-Administration gain	John Heath (A)[Note 6] Walter Jones (A) Francis L. Lee

See also

• List of United States House of Representatives elections, 1789–1822
• United States Senate elections, 1792
• United States presidential election, 1792
• 2nd United States Congress
• 3rd United States Congress

Notes

1. Changed from district method
2. Changed from combined at-large/district method
3. 3 Plural districts plus 1 Representatives elected at-large
4. Majority required for election, two additional trials were held on January 14, 1793 and April 1, 1793
5. Majority required for election which was not met in one of the districts, a second trial was held on March 20, 1793
6. Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data
7. Elected in subsequent special election
8. Election successfully contested
9. Successfully contested election
10. Also elected in a special election to fill vacancy left when Seney resigned his seat in December, 1792
11. Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
12. Election was subsequently challenged by Van Rensselaer who claimed electoral irregularities, election was upheld by the House
13. Source does not give full name
14. Four individuals received 1 vote each
15. Election unsuccessfully contested by Trigg
16. Had previously been Anti-Administration, but switched to Pro-Administration/Federalist from this point on
17. Had been Anti-Administration in the previous election

References

1. Third Congress (membership roster)
2. 1 Stat. 253
3. Second Congress (membership roster) – see footnotes 12 and 13
4. Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project

Bibliography

• "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)