United States House of Representatives elections, 1882

November 7, 1882^{[Note 1]}

All 325 seats to the United States House of Representatives 163 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Leader	John G. Carlisle	J. Warren Keifer
Party	Democratic	Republican
Last election	131 seats^{[Note 2]}	151 seats
Seats won	199^[1]^{[Note 3]}^{[Note 4]}	118^[1]^{[Note 3]}^{[Note 5]}
Seat change	59	29

	Third party	Fourth party	Fifth party

Leader		Luman Hamlin Weller
Party	Readjuster	Greenback	Independent
Last election	0 seats^{[Note 6]}	10 seats	1 seats
Seats won	4^[1]^{[Note 7]}	2^[1]	2^[1]^{[Note 8]}
Seat change	4	8	1

Speaker before election

Joseph Keifer
Republican

Elected Speaker

John Carlisle
Democratic

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1882 for the 48th Congress, during President Chester A. Arthur's term.

Arthur's Republican Party was badly defeated, losing its majority to the opposition Democratic Party after a campaign that focused on the resistance of Republican leaders to reforming the Spoils system under which government jobs were handed to supporters of winning candidates. After the election, Arthur agreed with the Democrats to pass the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing a professional civil service. However, his actions were too late, as the image of the Republican Party as corrupt was already engrained in the minds of voters. This election also saw the decline of the pro-paper money Greenback Party, and the pick up of several Virginian seats by the Readjuster Party which promoted fiscal responsibility and shunned elitism, though the Virginia-based Readjuster Party all but disappeared following this election.

Election summaries

Following the 1880 Census, 32 new seats were apportioned.^[2] Three States lost 1 seat each, 13 States had no change in apportionment, 14 States gained 1 seat each, 6 States gained 2 seats, 1 State gained 4 seats, and 1 State gained 5 seats. Several States that gained one or more seats did not redistrict immediately, electing the new Representatives at-large, while one state (Maine) which lost a Representative also delayed redistricting, electing all of its Representatives at-large for this Congress only.

↓
196	3	4	2	2	1	117
Democratic	ID	Rj	I	Gb	IR	Republican

State	Type	Total seats		Democratic	Republican	Others
State	Type	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	8		7	1	1		0
Arkansas	District + at-large^{[Note 9]}	5	1	5	1	0		0
California	District + 2 at-large^{[Note 9]}	6	2	6	4	0	2	0
Colorado	At-large	1		0		1		0
Connecticut	District	4		3	2	1	2	0
Delaware	At-large	1		1		0		0
Florida	District	2		1		1		0
Georgia	District + at-large^{[Note 9]}	10	1	10	1	0		0
Illinois	District	20	1	9^{[Note 10]}	3	11	2	0
Indiana	District	13		10	5	3	5	0
Iowa^{[Note 11]}	District	11	2	3	2	7	1	1^{[Note 12]}	1
Kansas	District + 4 at-large^{[Note 9]}	7	4	0		7	4	0
Kentucky	District	11	1	9^{[Note 10]}		2	1	0
Louisiana	District	6		5		1		0
Maine^{[Note 11]}	At-large^{[Note 13]}	4	1	0		4	1	0	2^{[Note 12]}
Maryland	District	6		4	1	2	1	0
Massachusetts	District	12	1	3	2	9^{[Note 5]}	1	0
Michigan	District	11	2	6	6	5	4	0
Minnesota	District	5	2	0		5	2	0
Mississippi	District	7	1	5	1	1	1	1^{[Note 14]}	1
Missouri	District	14	1	14	6	0	1	0	4^{[Note 12]}
Nebraska	District^{[Note 15]}	3	2	0		3	2	0
Nevada	At-large	1		1		0		0
New Hampshire	District	2	1	0		2	1	0
New Jersey	District	7		3		4		0
New York	District + at-large^{[Note 9]}	34	1	21	1	13	1	0	1^{[Note 14]}
North Carolina	District + at-large^{[Note 9]}	9	1	7^{[Note 10]}		2	1	0
Ohio^{[Note 11]}	District	21	1	15	10	6	9	0
Oregon^{[Note 11]}	At-large	1		0		1		0
Pennsylvania	District + at-large^{[Note 9]}	28	1	12	5	15	3	1^{[Note 12]}	1
Rhode Island	District	2		0		2		0
South Carolina	District	7	2	6	1	1	1	0
Tennessee	District	10		8	1	2	1	0
Texas	District	11	5	10	5	0		1^{[Note 14]}	^{[Note 16]}
Vermont^{[Note 11]}	District	2	1	0		2	1	0
Virginia	District + at-large^{[Note 9]}	10	1	6	1	0	2	4^{[Note 7]}	4^{[Note 17]}
West Virginia	District	4	1	3		1	1	0
Wisconsin	District	9	1	6		3	1	0
Total		325	32	199^[1]^{[Note 4]} 61.2%	59	118^[1]^{[Note 5]} 36.3%	26	8^[1] 2.8%	2

House seats

Democratic			61.23%
Republican			36.31%
Readjuster			1.23%
Greenback			0.62%
Independent			0.62%

There were a total of 8 Representatives elected from third parties, 4 from the Virginia-based Readjuster Party, 2 from the declining Greenback Party, and 2 Independents. The previous election of 1880 had had 10 Greenbacks and 1 Independent.

[[Image:48 us house membership.png|thumb|500px|

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80+ to 100% Democratic		80+ to 100% Republican
60+ to 80% Democratic		60+ to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Readjuster	Up to 60% Republican

]]

[[Image:48 us house changes.png|thumb|500px|

Net gain in party representation
6+ Democratic gain		6+ Republican gain
3-5 Democratic gain	3-5 Readjuster gain	3-5 Republican gain
1-2 Democratic gain	1-2 Independent gain	1-2 Republican gain
no net change

]]

Early election dates

In 1882, five states, with 39 seats among them, held Congressional elections before the rest of the Union:

June 5 Oregon
September 5 Vermont
September 8 Maine
October 10 Iowa and Ohio

All races

Party abbreviations

A slash between two abbreviations indicates a fusion ticket

California

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1882

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
California 1	William Rosecrans	Democratic	1880	Re-elected	William Rosecrans (D) 59.5% Paul Neuman (R) 38.8% James McMillan Shafter (Pr) 1.5% H. S. Fitch (GB) 0.2%
California 2	Horace F. Page	Republican	1872	Lost re-election Democratic gain	James Budd (D) 50.5% Horace F. Page (R) 48.1% J. L. Coles (Pr) 1.2% F. J. Woodward (GB) 0.2%
California 3	Campbell P. Berry	Democratic	1879	Retired Democratic hold	Barclay Henley (D) 51.3% John J. De Haven (R) 45.8% H. S. Graves (Pr) 2% W. O. Howe (GB) 0.9%
California 4	Romualdo Pacheco	Republican	1876	Retired Democratic gain	Pleasant B. Tully (D) 54.4% George L. Woods (R) 43.3% M. V. Wright (Pr) 1.5% Isaac Kinley (GB) 0.8%
California at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	None (New seat)			New seat Democratic gain	John R. Glascock (D) 26.5% Charles A. Sumner (D) 26.5% William W. Morrow (R) 22.4% Henry Edgerton (R) 22.3% A. B. Hotchkiss (Pr) 0.8% Jesse Yarnell (Pr) 0.8% Warren Chase (GB) 0.3% Stephen Maybell (GB) 0.3%
California at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	None (New seat)			New seat Democratic gain

Florida

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, 1882

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Florida 1	Robert H. M. Davidson	Democratic	1876	Re-elected	Robert H. M. Davidson (D) 51.5% Emory F. Skinner (R) 32.2% D. L. McKinnon (IR) 16.3%
Florida 2	Horatio Bisbee, Jr.	Republican	1880^{[Note 18]}	Re-elected	Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (R) 50.5% Jesse J. Finley (D) 49.5%

South Carolina

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1882

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	John S. Richardson	Democratic	1878	Retired Democratic hold	Samuel Dibble (D) 56.9% J. B. Campbell (GB/L) 43.1%
South Carolina 2	George D. Tillman Redistricted from the 5th district	Democratic	1878	Re-elected	George D. Tillman (D) 67.8% E. M. Brayon (GB/L) 31.9% Others 0.3%
South Carolina 3	D. Wyatt Aiken	Democratic	1876	Re-elected	D. Wyatt Aiken (D) 84.6% T. H. Russell (GB/L) 15.4%
South Carolina 4	John H. Evins	Democratic	1876	Re-elected	John H. Evins (D) 71.8% D. R. Elkins (GB/L) 27.2%
South Carolina 5	None (open seat)			Democratic hold	John J. Hemphill (D) 56.0% E. B. C. Cash (GB/L) 44.0%
South Carolina 6	None (District created)			New seat Democratic gain	George W. Dargan (D) 64.7% Edmund H. Deas (R) 21.7% A. H. Bowen (GB/L) 13.6%
South Carolina 7	None (District created)			New seat Republican gain	Edmund W. M. Mackey (R) 64.8% Samuel Lee (IR) 35.2%

Notes

↑ Five states held early elections between June 5 and October 10.
↑ Included 1 Independent Democrat (and 2 "Readjuster Democrats" – see Readjusters elsewhere).
1 2 Dubin (p. 263) counts 192 Democrats, 5 Readjusters, 2 Independent Democrats, 119 Republicans, 1 Liberal, 2 Greenbacks and 2 Independents (along with 2 vacancies) at the start of the 48th United States Congress.
1 2 Includes 3 Independent Democrats elected to IL-02, KY-01, and NC-07.
1 2 3 Includes 1 Independent Republican, Theodore Lyman, elected to MA-09.
↑ There were two "Readjuster Democrats" elected to the previous congress in 1880.
1 2 Includes 4 Readjusters elected to VA-02, VA-04, VA-09, and VA-AL.
↑ Includes 2 Independents, James R. Chalmers elected to MS-02, and Thomas P. Ochiltree elected to TX-07.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 New seat or seats added without immediate redistricting.
1 2 3 Includes 1 Independent Democrat.
1 2 3 4 5 Elections held early.
1 2 3 4 Greenback Party
↑ Changed from districts.
1 2 3 Independent.
↑ Changed from at-large.
↑ Previous election had 1 Greenback.
↑ Previous election saw 2 "Readjuster Democrats" elected to VA-07 and VA-09.
↑ Seated after successful electoral challenge.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Martis, pp. 136–137.
↑ 22 Stat. 5

Bibliography

Republican Congressional Committee, The Republican Campaign Text Book for 1882 (1882).
Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

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