University of Würzburg

University of Würzburg
Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg

Seal of the Julius Maximilians University Wurzburg
Latin: Universitas Julius-Maximilianae Herbipoli
Type Public
Established 1402 (closed 1415—1582)
Chancellor Uwe Klug
President Alfred Forchel
Undergraduates 28,814 (term 2015/16)
Postgraduates 3,100
Location Würzburg, Germany
Campus Urban
Colours Blue and White         
Affiliations U15
Coimbra Group
Website www.uni-wuerzburg.de

The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg[1] (also referred to as the University of Würzburg, in German Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg) is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany.[1] The University of Wurzburg is one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in Germany having been founded in 1402. The University initially had a brief foundation and was closed in 1415, until it was permanently reopened in 1582 under the initiative of Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn. Today, the University is named for Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn and Maximilian Joseph.

The University of Wurzburg is one of the leading universities in Germany being part of the U15 group of research-intensive German universities. The university is also a member of the distinguished Coimbra Group.[2]

Name

Neue Universität main building, built in 1896

Its official name is Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (or "Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg") but it is commonly referred to as the University of Würzburg.[1] This name is taken from Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, who reestablished the university 426 years ago, and Prince Elector Maximilian Joseph, the prince under whom secularization occurred at the start of the 19th century. The University’s central administration, foreign student office, and several research institutes are located within the allied area of the old town, while the new liberal arts campus, with its modern library, overlooks the city from the east. The university today enrolls approximately 29,000 students, out of which more than 1,000 come from other countries.

History

Establishment in 1402

Although the university was first founded in 1402, it was short-lived. The original university was destined to flounder. This was attributed to the lack of financial security and the instability of the age. Johannes Trithemius, well-known humanist and learned abbot of the Scottish monastery of St. Jacob, held the then dissolute student lifestyle responsible for the premature decline of the city's first university. In the Annales Hirsaugiensis Chronologia Mystica of 1506 he cites bathing, love, brawling, gambling, inebriation, squabbling, and general pandemonium as "greatly impeding the academic achievement in Würzburg". Confirmation of this point of view is found in the fatal stabbing of the university's first chancellor, Johann Zantfurt, in 1423, by a scholar's unruly assistant, or famulus, evidently the result of these very influences. Despite Egloffstein's thwarted first attempt at founding a university, the city still boasts one of the oldest universities in the German-speaking world, on a par with Prague (1348),Vienna (1365), Heidelberg (1386), Cologne (1388), and Erfurt (1392).

1545–1945

The initial inauguration of a university in Würzburg would ultimately not be resumed until a hundred and fifty years later. A "second founding" by Prince Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn (1545–1617) in 1582 was to augur well for a "new" university whose autonomous self-government was guaranteed. Politically speaking, the university was fiercely Roman Catholic and initially considered a "bastion of Catholicism in the face of Protestantism", words also used in the university charter which prevented all non-Catholics from graduating from or receiving tenure at the Alma Julia.

Over a century would pass before the university would deign to open its doors to non-Catholics, in keeping with the spirit of Enlightenment encouraged by Prince Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn's newly formulated students' charter of 1734. The resultant increase in religious tolerance even enabled the summoning and subsequent appointment of the famous physician, Karl Kaspar von Siebold, under Schönborn's successor, Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim. Shortly after his arrival in 1769, Protestant medical students were permitted to study for their doctorates at the university.

Würzburg's increasing secularisation as a bishopric and its eventual surrender to Bavarian rule at the beginning of the 19th century resulted in the inevitable loss of the university's Roman Catholic character. The end of the city's status as a Grand Duchy under Ferdinand of Toscana in 1814 heralded the Alma Julia's ideological transition to the non-denominational establishment which endures to this day. This new inclusiveness towards professors and students alike was instrumental in the resultant unexpected upturn in all areas of research and education in the 19th century. Since then, the university has borne the name of its second and most influential founder, officially known as the Julius-Maximilians-Universität of Bavaria.

The many medical accomplishments associated with the university from the mid- to late nineteenth century were inextricably linked with achievements in the affiliated field of natural science, notably by Schwab, the eminent botanist, Semper, the zoologist, Wislicenus, the celebrated chemist and Boveri, the biologist. Their progress culminated in the discovery of x-rays by physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, first winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics, in 1895. Röntgen's discovery, which he dubbed a "new kind of ray", is regarded as the university's greatest intellectual achievement, and, simultaneously, a scientific development of huge global import. Röntgen's successors, namely Wilhelm Wien, Johannes Stark and the chemists Emil Fischer and Eduard Buchner, also number among the succession of Nobel Prize winners to lecture at the university, a tradition which endures in the modern-day example of Klaus von Klitzing.

1945 to today

After World War II, the free state of Bavaria invested a fortune in the rebuilding and renovation of the severely damaged university buildings. Restoration of Echter's "Old University", current home to the faculty of law, continues today. The eventual rebuilding of the Neubaukirche ("Neubau Church"), also affiliated to the legal faculty and almost razed to the ground in 1945, marked the end of the city's extensive reconstruction process. In 1970 it was decided that the church, one of the most important examples of 16th century vaulted architecture in southern Germany, should fulfill a dual function as a place of worship and as the university banquet, assembly, and concert hall. Nevertheless, the dignity of Echter's original Renaissance church has been successfully maintained, and thus it is fitting that his heart, removed for safekeeping during the war, has once again found its place in the church he designed, fulfilling a request made during his lifetime.

Faculties

Nobel laureates

worked at the University

temporarily worked at the University

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "The University of Würzburg: a History of Success". University of Würzburg. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
  2. ↑ "CG Member Universities". Retrieved 15 September 2014.

External links

Coordinates: 49°47′17″N 9°56′07″E / 49.78806°N 9.93528°E / 49.78806; 9.93528

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