Urumi (film)
| Urumi | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical poster | |
| Directed by | Santosh Sivan |
| Produced by |
Shaji Nadesan Santosh Sivan Prithviraj Sukumaran |
| Written by | Shankar Ramakrishnan |
| Starring |
Prithviraj Sukumaran Prabhu Deva Genelia D'Souza Nithya Menon Vidya Balan Jagathy Sreekumar Arya Alexx O'Nell |
| Narrated by | KPAC Lalitha |
| Music by | Deepak Dev |
| Cinematography |
Santosh Sivan Anjuli Shukla (2nd unit) |
| Edited by | A Sreekar Prasad |
Production company | |
| Distributed by |
August Cinema (Malayalam) V Creations (Tamil) SVR Media (Telugu) |
Release dates |
|
Running time | 160 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |
Urumi (Malayalam: ഉറുമി) is a 2011 epic Indian historical drama film directed, filmed and co-produced by Santosh Sivan and written by Shankar Ramakrishnan.[1][2] It stars Prithviraj Sukumaran, Prabhu Deva, Genelia D'Souza, Amol Gupte, Jagathy Sreekumar, Nithya Menon, and Alexx O'Nell in lead roles and features Tabu, Arya and Vidya Balan in extended cameos. The soundtrack includes songs composed by Deepak Dev.
The film is set in the early 16th century, when Portuguese sailors dominated the Indian ocean. The story follows Chirakkal Kelu (Prithviraj), seeking to avenge the death of his father at the hands of the sailors, and his cohorts Vavvali of Nagapattinam (Prabhu Deva), princess Ayesha of Arackel (Genelia D'Souza) and princess Bala of Chirakkal (Nithya Menon). The plot incorporates the intrigues of the Chirakkal Royal House, where Kelu serves as Commander-in-Chief, and the assassination of prince Bhanu Vikraman (Ankur Khanna). The plot also incorporates such actual historical figures as Estêvão da Gama (Alexx O'Nell), Vasco da Gama (Alexx O'Nell & Robin Pratt) and Chenichery Kurup.
The film was made on a budget of more than ₹20 crore (US$3.0 million), making it the second-most expensive Malayalam film of its time, The film also marked the debut of Prithviraj Sukumaran as producer.[3] Urumi was released in Tamil as Urumi: Padhinaintham Nootrandu Uraivaal, written by Sasi Kumaran, and subsequently dubbed in Telugu with the same title, Urumi.[4]
The film was a commercial success at the box-office.It also won the Best film and Best Director in Imagine India Film Festival in Barcelona.[5] It was also the Opening Film of the Panorama section in Goa film festival, and won the Asia Vision awards for Best film and Best Director in Dubai.It won two Kerala State Film Awards, for Best Background Music (Deepak Dev) and for Best Sound Recordist (M. R. Rajakrishnan).[6]
The film was also dubbed and released in Hindi as Ek Yodha Shoorveer on 11 March 2016.[7]
Plot
The executives of the multinational mining company Nirvana Group inform Krishna Das (Prithviraj Sukumaran) that his ancestral property in Kerala, leased out to a non-governmental organisation (NGO) by his late grandfather, is both rich in minerals and able to be sold because the lease period has expired. Nirvana Group offers him a large sum of money as an advance on the purchase. The NGO currently runs a tribal school on the property, which is situated inside the Kannadi Forest Range. When Krishna Das and his friend Thanseer (Prabhu Deva) come to the property, they are kidnapped by local tribal men and taken to a cave deep in the forest. There, Krishna Das meets the tribal chief Thangachan (Arya), who explains to him that he is the descendant of Chirakkal Kelu Nayanar.
In early 16th century, the Portuguese sailors under Vasco da Gama (Alexx O'Nell) captured a Muslim pilgrim ship and took all the passengers as prisoners. The general of Chirakkal Kingdom (northern Kerala), Kothuwal, sends a Brahmin negotiator and his own son, Kelu, to the captured ship to negotiate the prisoners' release. However, Vasco da Gama viciously rejects their attempt at negotiation, cutting off the negotiator's ears. He then orders that the prisoners be locked in the hold and the ship set on fire. Kothuwal storms the burning ship to rescue his son, Kelu. Although Kelu escapes, Chirakkal Kothuwal is killed during the rescue attempt.
Vavvali, a Tamil Muslim boy, takes Kelu with him to his hut, and treats him as his younger brother. Kelu crafts an urumi from the leftover ornaments of the dead women and children of the pilgrim ship. He takes an oath to one day kill Vasco da Gama.
Kelu and Vavvali are next seen as adults hunting rabbits in a forest somewhere in Chirakkal. They save the princess of Chirakkal Bala (Nithya Menon) from a group of abductors, who apparently have been organized by her cousin Bhanu Vikraman (Ankur Khanna). Under the orders of Bhanu Vikraman, Kelu and Vavvali are arrested by the Chirakkal guards and tried before Chirakkal Thampuran (Amole Gupte). In the trial, it is revealed that the two young men saved the princess' life. The king grants them an audience.
During the audience, Kelu manages to convince the king to support his quest to capture Vasco da Gama, who is scheduled to return to India as the Viceroy. They plan to conduct a secret raid and capture da Gama during the hanging of Balia Hasan in Arackal Fort. However, they instead capture Estêvão da Gama (Alexx O'Nell) and bring him as a prisoner to Chirakkal. In the process, Kelu comes across Princess Ayesha (Genelia D'Souza), a fiery warrior princess of Arackal Palace. With the help of Ayesha, Balia Hasan is freed from the gallows.
Back in Chirakkal, the king bestows Kelu with the honour of being the new general ("Kothuval"). Vavvali, however, is somewhat unhappy as the king neglected to acknowledge his role in the capture of Estêvão.
Princess Ayesha is among captives from a raid in Arackal, which was secretly undertaken by the Chirakkal royals in the midst of Kelu's abduction plan, and she is presented to the spoiled prince Bhanu Vikraman as a concubine. She then tries to kill the prince, but Kelu saves him. Later, Kelu helps Ayesha escape from Chirakkal. Kelu tells Vavvali that they should be planning to capture Vasco da Gama rather than spending their days in Chirakkal Palace. With Princess Ayesha, they set out to all the nearby villages and succeed in garnering support from the villagers against the Portuguese. A large number of people join with Kelu, and they prepare to attack.
Meanwhile, with the help of minister Chenichery Kurup (Jagathy Sreekumar), Bhanu Vikraman conspires against his uncle and joins forces with Estêvão da Gama. He assassinates his uncle with a Portuguese pistol. Kelu returns to Chirakkal Palace to discuss with Vikraman, now king of Chirakkal, what actions to take against da Gama, but Bhanu hesitantly states that the army will no longer take orders from Kelu. Chirakkal Bala, the princess of Chirakkal, now joins with Kelu and his cohorts.
Meanwhile, da Gama (Robin Pratt), accompanied by Estêvão da Gama among others, arrives at the Chirakkal Palace. Chenichery Kurup, whom da Gama remembers at first sight, welcomes him. During the audience, Bhanu Vikraman is killed by Estêvão da Gama. As a mark of respect for his allegiance to the Portuguese crown, the empire offers Kurup the post of the Governor General of the Laccadives.
The Chirakkal army, led by Angadan Nambi, attacks the rebel hideout. Rebels under Kelu, Vavvali, Ayesha and defected Chirakkal general Kaimal fight back. Soon, an Estêvão da Gama-led Portuguese unit arrives in the village as reinforcement for the Chirakkal force. The rebels manage to defeat the combined forces, but Vavvali is killed in action. The rebels now launch an attack on the Chirakkal Palace. A terrible battle ensues. The rebels are immediately put on the defensive by the Portuguese cannons. Kelu manages to breach the perimeter set up by Estêvão and enters the palace. He manages to attack da Gama but is killed by the musketeers.
After hearing the moving story of his ancestors, Krishna Das decides not to sell his land to the multinational mining corporation and instead to start a new life in Kerala.
Cast
- Prithviraj Sukumaran – Chirakkal Kelu Nayanar / Krishna Das
- Prabhu Deva – Vavvali of Nagapattinam / Thanseer
- Genelia D'Souza – Ayesha of Arackal
- Nithya Menon – Bala of Chirakkal / Daisy da Cunha
- Arya – Chirakkal Kothuwal / Thankachan
- Alexx O'Nell – Young Vasco Da Gama / Estêvão da Gama / Executive of Nirvana
- Robin Pratt – Old Vasco Da Gama
- Amole Gupte – Chirakkal Thampuran
- Ankur Khanna – Bhanu Vikraman of Chirakkal
- Jagathy Sreekumar – Chenichery Kurup / Kerala Minister
- Shaji Nadesan – MLA Raveendra Kaimal/Kaimal
- Sasi Kalinga – Chakrathali Hasim Pakir
- Vidya Balan – Makkom / Teacher Bhumi (cameo)
- Tabu – Dancing woman (cameo)
Themes
According to the cinematographer and filmmaker Santosh Sivan, the film is his comment on globalization. He adds that the film resonates with people today as corporate lobbies are causing displacement of indigenous people across the world. "I have traveled across the world while shooting for films and documentaries and I have seen first hand the displacement and exploitation, the side effects of globalization being suffered by the people who live in close contact to nature. The film centres around a similar situation, but it is removed by a few centuries," said Sivan. The film also focuses on a new perspective of storytelling. "History is written by the victors, the powerful who won. So was Vasco da Gama a brave explorer or an invader after gold." he added.[8]
"The film is designed in such a way that it talks about the present and the past. In the past, some people came and exploited our land and it is happening even now. Perhaps the people who lived then are the people who live now. Still we are not united and our progress is not uniform. The film has also portrayed this aspect in a different manner.", Sivan pointed out to Jyothsna Bhavanishankar of Behind the Woods.[9]
Shankar Ramakrishnan, who wrote the story and screenplay for Urumi after conducting extensive research, said that the film presents history from a different perspective. "Even a small child in Kerala perceives Vasco da Gama as an explorer, who made the first-ever colonial invasion in any part of the world. But there's more to him than that. Urumi is an attempt to portray or rather discuss the many realities that could have affected the course of our history," he said. Shankar Ramakrishnan added that the title is not just suggestive of Kelu's Urumi, but the feeling of vengeance that we carry in our hearts.[10]
Production
"Whenever you travel to Goa or Fort Kochi or such places, you will always find a suite in the name of Vasco da Gama who is revered as a discoverer of India. But when you delve deeper into the history, you will realize that he discovered India for the Western world but he is the conqueror, the first colonial ruler in the world as they all came to trade in pepper but instead of trading they decided to conquer the place. Hence, I thought it would be interesting to make a film that would show the small peppercorn changing the entire history of India. I think for every Indian it would be interesting." Santosh Sivan, the cinematographer-cum-director, explained his initial thoughts on a film on Vasco da Gama.[9]
In April 2011, Prithviraj Sukumaran explained the genesis of his production company: "Santosh [Sivan] and I used to keep discussing a historical film during the making of Raavanan. We roped in Shaji Nadesan, a friend of ours, and thus was born August Cinema."[11] "I like the idea of recreating the bygone era. It is interesting to think of the characters you have heard as real. Also, it excited me to have cannons, swords, and urumi (curling blades) in a film." Santosh Sivan was quite enthusiastic about the idea.[12]
Santosh Sivan and Prithviraj Sukumaran have acknowledged the vital role played by the script writer Shankar Ramakrishnan in shaping of film. Ramakrishnan, who had been working for some time as film-maker Ranjith Balakrishnan's associate director, had scripted a tale for a competition based on the medieval history of Kerala. "Called Chekavar, it was on the gallant warriors of Malabar and the pageant of the Mamankam. I had shown it to Prithviraj [Sukumaran] during the shooting of Thirakkatha. He was quite taken up with the script and mentioned it to Santhosh [Sivan] when the two were working on Raavanan. That is how Santosh [Sivan] got in touch with me," explains Shankar Ramakrishnan.[13] "I was nearly imprisoned in Santosh Sivan's flat in Mumbai for about two months when I was writing the story of Urumi. Finally, I told him the one-line story of a boy who wanted to kill Vasco da Gama and the movie took off smoothly from then on. I did not see it as a period film as I felt that the issues it dealt with were contemporary", reveals Shankar Ramakrishnan.[14] Shankar spent two years gathering the material for his script and doing research to flesh out his characters, some of whom are familiar names in Indian history. He went to Kannur and read old ballads and stories of the region.[13]
Alexx O'Neill, who hails from Connecticut in the United States, was cast as Estêvão da Gama. "When I had signed Urumi, it was basically for a single character Estêvão Da Gama, but later I played [young] Vasco Da Gama's role, too, and had to speak only in Portuguese", O'Neill said. "I wanted to be very true to the accent and the way the character would speak at that time. So I hired a person in Mumbai before the shooting began. Even during the dubbing I had someone to assist me, so that I don't go wrong with the pronunciation", he added.[15]
The clothing worn by the characters, particularly that worn by the women, differed slightly from what would be historically accurate attire. "You cannot re-create exactly how it was then, as women were topless in those days. So, you stylise the kind of dresses they wore in that era," Sivan said to Rediff.[16] Shooting for the film started on 17 August 2010.[17] The main locations were Kerala and the forests of Malshej Ghat in Maharashtra.[18] Most of the scenes were painstakingly captured by Santosh Sivan in mostly natural light with a modest of budget and minimal visual effects.[19] "It was tedious and the terrain was difficult. On screen, it looks beautiful but we shot standing in slush almost 24/7. People got foot infections. It was laborious", says Nithya Menon, who played a Chirakkal princess.[20] The film was shot with a combination of various formats. The Canon EOS 5D was extensively used, especially for the sensuous song featuring Vidya Balan.[21] The shooting lasted a period of seven months in the states of Kerala, Karnataka and Maharashtra.[8]
Urumi was filmed by three cinematographers – Santosh Sivan (who is the director of photography as well), renowned wild-life photographer Alphonse Roy, and national award-winning Anjuli Shukla. "Shooting in the mist-laden Harishchadragad in Malshej valley is a difficult task as the light keeps changing constantly. It rains incessantly and the entire area is covered in slush. So each scene is a challenge. It is great to be a part of such a talented team," says Anjuli. Sunil Babu, the set designer for Ghajini, Lakshya and Ananthabhadram, was art director for the film.[3]
Santosh Sivan was heavily involved in bringing out a "tailored version" of the film in Telugu 2011, and in Tamil in 2012.[22] Many scenes in the film were re-shot to avoid lip-sync problems.[19]
The English version
The English version is expected to be just 110 minutes long, which is 55 minutes shorter than the Malayalam film. The director confirmed that the English version will showcase the brutal side of the Portuguese invader. The English version will be released in 2015. "The English flick, titled "Vasco Da Gama", is totally different from the Malayalam version in terms of structure and story. "We will be retaining only 30% of the scenes from the original", said Santosh Sivan, adding that the extra sequences are already shot. The script is being sponsored by a forum of the Hong Kong International Film Festival.[22]
Reception
The first exclusive sneak preview of the film was held exclusively for Mani Ratnam. After watching the film, Mani Ratnam was all praise for Santosh Sivan, saying, "Urumi is huge. It is entertaining and the performances are very convincing. It's simply Santosh magic."[23]
The film opened to positive reviews from both critics and viewers.[24][25] It earned accolades as arguably one of the best historical fantasies Malayalam cinema has ever seen and was critically acclaimed at film festivals around the world.[26]
"The Hindu" described the film as "a landmark film in Malayalam".[3] Sarswathy Nagarajan describes, "It is a decisive turn for Malayalam cinema because 'Urumi,' while broadening the horizons of Mollywood, is also an attempt to reach out to a global audience. The lavishly made 'Urumi' brings together a host of talented actors and technical personnel from Indian cinema."[27] "Nowrunning" gave the film a 3/5 rating and comments that the story is "timeless, the images magical, the acting solid, the script first-rate, the romance delightful, the action deadly and the energy raw – in short, the kind of film that one loves to see, and then animatedly write about."[28] Rediff also gave a 3/5 rating for the movie.[2] Sify gave a 4/5 rating with its movie verdict being "Very Good". According to Sify, "Urumi is a fairy tale fantasy film that has a heart and technical artistry."[29] Indiaglitz rated the movie as a "must see" and commented: "All in all, Urumi is a must watch for all those who love quality cinema. Redefining the traditional qualities of period dramas, Urumi is sure to become a movie that will be respected and adored by Mollywood for its creative panache, tremendous performances, and great technical wizardry."[30]
The film was also one of the seven Malayalam films selected to be screened at the Indian Panorama section of International Film Festival of India.[31]
The Tamil version released by Kalaipuli S Dhanu's V Creations opened to positive reception by critics as well as audiences.[32][33] "The Hindu" wrote of the Tamil version, "From the very first scene of this film to the last, director-cum-cinematographer Santosh Sivan proves to be on top of this technical masterpiece. The songs, waterfall sequences and the war scenes evoke a feel of realism due to its stunning visuals and brilliant re-recording. Certain portions in the film become very melodramatic to suit the Indian audiences thereby derailing the pace. The brilliantly choreographed action sequences seem to be a tad too loud for the ears."[34] Notable websites and Tamil magazines praised the dialogue of the Tamil version.[33]
The film has also caught the eye of Academy award-winning filmmaker Oliver Stone. "I had met Stone while he was in Mumbai a few months ago and he was curious when he came to know that I was doing a film on Da Gama. We had a discussion about it and he wanted me to send him a copy once the film was done," said Santosh Sivan.[8]
Box office
The film fetched over ₹5 crore (US$740,000) as distributor's share. However, the total gross and production budget is unknown.[35]
Awards
| Award | Category | Recipient (s) | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kerala State Film Award | Best Background Music | Deepak Dev | |
| Best Sound Recordist | M. R. Rajakrishnan | ||
| Imagineindia International Film Festival (Madrid) | Best Film | Urumi | [14][36] |
| Best Director | Santosh Sivan | ||
| Nana Film Awards | Second Best Actor | Jagathy Sreekumar | [37] |
| Best Cinematographer | Santosh Sivan | ||
| Best Music Director | Deepak Dev | ||
| Best Lyricist | Rafeeq Ahammed | ||
| Best Female Playback Singer | Manjari Babu | ||
| Best Makeup Artist | Ranjith Ambady | ||
| Best actor | Prithviraj | ||
| Reporter Film Awards | Best Cinematographer | Santosh Sivan | [38] |
| Best Art Director | Sunil Babu | ||
| Best Visual Effects | Karthik Kotamraju | ||
| Best Background Score | Deepak Dev | ||
| Best Sound Mixing and Recording | M. R. Rajakrishnan, Anand Babu |
Soundtrack
The songs and the background score for the film were composed by Deepak Dev, with lyrics by Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri, Rafeeq Ahammed and Engandiyur Chandrasekharan. The music album consists of nine songs. According to Deepak Dev, composing songs for Urumi was a challenge as Santosh Sivan had proscribed all electronic music, as the film is set in the sixteenth century. It was Prithviraj who suggested Deepak Dev to Sivan. The songs encompass many genres, including folk, lullaby and ballad. The vocalists range from the most experienced K. J. Yesudas to newcomers Job Kurian and Reshmi Sathish. The song "Chimmi Chimmi" is done as a tribute to M. G. Radhakrishnan, a composer Deepak Dev is said to have admired.
Music is an organic part of the film as it takes the narrative along. Deepak Dev composed the five songs for the film, the lyrics of which were written by Rafeeq Ahmed, Kaithapram, Prashanth Narayan and Chandru.[3]
| Track # | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | "Aaranne Aarane" | Job Kurian, Rita | 4:19 |
| 2 | "Aaro Nee Aaro" | K. J. Yesudas, Swetha Mohan | 6:20 |
| 3 | "Chimmi Chimmi" | Manjari Babu | 2:44 |
| 4 | "Appaa" | Reshmi Sathish | 3:19 |
| 5 | "Vadakku Vadakku -Friendship Remix" | Guru Kiran, Shaan Rahman | 2:52 |
| 6 | "Thelu Thele" | KR Renji | 3:51 |
| 7 | "Vadakku Vadakku" | Prithviraj | 3:27 |
| 8 | "Chalanam Chalanam" | Reshmi Sathish | 3:47 |
| 9 | "Theme Music" | Mili (Humming) | 3:05 |
Plagiarism accusations
The song "Aaro Nee Aaro" in the film is alleged to be plagiarised from Loreena McKennitt's "Caravanserai" of the album An Ancient Muse. The track also uses major hooks from Loreena's famous track "The Mummers' Dance". Loreena McKennit filed a plagiarism suit against composer Deepak Dev and the makers of Urumi in Delhi High Court. On 21 September 2011, Justice Manmohan Singh passed an order on a copyright infringement claim preventing the makers from releasing the soundtrack in English, Hindi, and Tamil. Since the producers failed to appear in court, Delhi High court Judge Hema Kohli passed an arrest warrant against actor Prithviraj, Santhosh Sivan and Shaji Natesan.[39][40][41]
References
- ↑ "Prithviraj turns film producer" The New Indian Express.
- 1 2 Review: Watch Urumi for the effort. Rediff.com (1 April 2011).
- 1 2 3 4 Nagarajan, Saraswathy (23 September 2010). "Saga of romance and revenge". The Hindu (Chennai, India).
- ↑ name="thehindu.com">http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/sivan-in-focus/article3480385.ece
- ↑
- ↑ SARASWATHY NAGARAJAN. In the right direction The Hindu July 22, 2011
- ↑ Vidya Balan, Tabu starrer Urumi to now re-release in Hindi as Ek Yoddha Shoorveer : Bollywood Hungama News Network
- 1 2 3 http://www.indianexpress.com/news/urumi-is-my-comment-on-globalisation-santosh-sivan/769710/0
- 1 2 http://www.videos.behindwoods.com/videos-q1-09/director-interview/santosh-sivan-14-08-2011.html
- ↑ http://www.indianexpress.com/news/history-in-the-making/773031/0
- ↑ "Warrior Man with the golden sword". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 1 April 2011.
- ↑ http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-santosh-sivan/20110329.htm#2
- 1 2 Nagarajan, Saraswathy (22 July 2011). "In the right direction". The Hindu (Chennai, India).
- 1 2 Nagarajan, Saraswathy (6 June 2012). "Spirited approach". The Hindu (Chennai, India).
- ↑ http://www.bollywoodworld.com/bollywood-news/an-american-and-the-bollywood-barrier-114688.html
- ↑ http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-santosh-sivan/20110329.htm#3
- ↑ Sampurn. "Shooting for Urumi Finally Starts". The GAEA Times. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ↑ Prithviraj turns producer with ''Urumi''. Sify.com (14 July 2010).
- 1 2 Kamath, Sudhish (1 June 2012). "Sivan in focus". The Hindu (Chennai, India).
- ↑ http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-nithya-menon-on-urumi/20110331.htm#1
- ↑ http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/santosh-sivan-talks-about-urumi-and-his-passion-for-cinema/
- 1 2 "'Urumi' to go international - The Times of India". The Times Of India.
- ↑ "Mani applauds Santosh Sivan! - The Times of India". The Times Of India.
- ↑ '''Urumi opens big in Kerala!'''. Sify.com (2 April 2011).
- ↑ Urumi’s a crowd-puller on day one. Deccan Chronicle (3 April 2011).
- ↑ "Urumi song issued warrant for plagiarism - The Times of India". The Times Of India.
- ↑ Nagarajan, Saraswathy (1 April 2011). "Man with the golden sword". The Hindu (Chennai, India).
- ↑ Urumi Review – Malayalam Movie Review by Veeyen. Nowrunning.com (2 April 2011).
- ↑ Movie Review:Urumi- Review. Sify.com.
- ↑ Urumi Malayalam Movie Review – cinema preview stills gallery trailer video clips showtimes. IndiaGlitz (31 March 2011).
- ↑ "Urumi, Adaminte Makan Abu in Goa Film Festival". Oneindia.in. 19 October 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
- ↑ http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/review/13090.html
- 1 2 http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/82492.html
- ↑ Samson, S. Siddharth (30 May 2012). "Urumi: Engaging epic". The Hindu (Chennai, India).
- ↑ "2011 was troublesome for Malayalam films". New Delhi. IBN Live. 4 January 2012.
- ↑ "IMAGINEINDIA 2012 AWARDS". Imagineindia International Film Festival. 30 May 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- ↑ "Nana Film Awards 2011".
- ↑ "Reporter Film Awards 2011".
- ↑ Sue blot on Santosh Sivan’s ‘Urumi’. Times of India.
- ↑ http://delhihighcourt.nic.in/dhcqrydisp_o.asp?pn=195364&yr=2011
- ↑ "Sue blot on Santosh Sivan's ‘Urumi'". The Times of India. 26 November 2011.
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