Modane

Modane

A view of east Modane (from Loutraz)

Coat of arms
Modane

Coordinates: 45°12′08″N 6°40′25″E / 45.2022°N 6.6736°E / 45.2022; 6.6736Coordinates: 45°12′08″N 6°40′25″E / 45.2022°N 6.6736°E / 45.2022; 6.6736
Country France
Region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Department Savoie
Arrondissement Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
Canton Modane
Area1 71.04 km2 (27.43 sq mi)
Population (2006)2 3,882
 • Density 55/km2 (140/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code 73157 / 73500
Elevation 1,054–3,560 m (3,458–11,680 ft)
(avg. 1,067 m or 3,501 ft)
Website www.modane-valfrejus.com

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Modane (French pronunciation: ​[mɔ.dan]; Italian: Modana) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.

The commune is in the Maurienne Valley, and it also belongs to the Vanoise National Park. It was part of the Kingdom of Sardinia until the Treaty of Turin in 1860.

Geography

Location

View of Modane from La Norma.

The commune of Modane is located in the Alps in the department of Savoie between the Vanoise massif to the north and between the Massif du Mont-Cenis and the Massif des Cerces to the south. Crossed by the Arc river, it extends to the doors of the Haute-Maurienne. The issue of the attachment or not of Modane in the Maurienne Valley or Haute-Maurienne differs depending on the disciplines of economics, geography or geology. For economists, Modane is attached to Haute Maurienne, arguing that the city has a very strong influence on the villages of Haute Maurienne, through economic and administrative infrastructure such as shopping centres, schools or the railway station for example. However, for the great majority of analysts, Modane is a commune attached to the middle part of this valley, both by the relief (encompassing the whole canton is a dug coal-bearing furrow which extends to Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne), and by the industrial history of this sector.[1]

With an area of 7,104 acres (2,875 ha) [28.74 square kilometres (11.10 sq mi)], the commune extends along a north-south axis on both sides of the valley. To the north, Modane is bounded by the Roc des Saints Pères, and the Aiguille de Péclet (northwest) and the Dôme de Polset (northeast). To the south, also from west to east, these are the Refuge du Mont-Thabor (marking the boundary with the department of Hautes-Alpes), the Cime de la Planette, the Pointe du Fréjus and the Cime du Grand Vallon (marking the boundary with Italy) which delimit the neighbouring communes of Modane and Italy.

The Modane territory extends in a particular form. Indeed, a relatively short east-west width on the north side of the valley (a few hundred meters to a maximum of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) between the peaks), is much larger on the south side (about 2 to 8 kilometres (1.2 to 5.0 mi) from the South shore of the CRA to peaks). From north to south, the municipality extends however over a length of around 15 kilometres (9.3 mi).

In Vanoise, the town is dominated by the Dent Parrachée at 3,697 metres (12,129 ft), the Pointe de l'Échelle at 3,427 metres (11,243 ft), the Rateau d'Aussois at 3,117 metres (10,226 ft), the Aiguille Doran at 3,039 metres (9,970 ft), the Dôme de Polset at 3,566 metres (11,699 ft) or the Pointe Rénod at 3,374 metres (11,070 ft). To the south stand the Pointe de Longecôte at 3,100 metres (10,200 ft), the Aiguille de Scolette at 3,508 metres (11,509 ft), the Belle Plinier at 3,076 metres (10,092 ft), the Pointe d’Arrondaz at 2,937 metres (9,636 ft) and also the Pointe du Fréjus at 2,934 metres (9,626 ft).

These peaks, however, leave easy passages, particularly frequented during summer by hiking tourists, either to the Tarentaise Valley or to Italy. In addition, some welcome ski resorts located within walking distance of the town, among which are Aussois, La Norma and Valfréjus.

Neighbouring communes

The commune of Modane is bordered by nine other communes in France, besides its southern limit marked by the Franco-Italian border. To the west, Modane mainly borders Saint-André and Fourneaux, but also to the south-west, Freney, Orelle, and Névache in the neighbouring department of Hautes-Alpes. To the north, in the Vanoise National Park, the bordering communes are Saint-Martin-de-Belleville to the north-west, with Les Allues and Pralognan-la-Vanoise to the north-east. To the east lies Villarodin-Bourget, with Avrieux to the south-east.

 Saint-Martin-de-Belleville Les Allues Pralognan-la-Vanoise
Saint-André
Fourneaux		 Villarodin-Bourget
   Modane  
Orelle
Freney		 Névache (Hautes-Alpes)
Bardonecchia (Italy)		 Avrieux

Routes and transportation

The road into Modane on the D 1006 arriving from the Col du Mont-Cenis
The entrance of the Fréjus Road Tunnel in Modane
A Paris-Milan TGV in the Gare de Modane

Roads

The commune is at the French end of the Fréjus Road Tunnel, one of the major transalpine road crossings along with the Mont Blanc Tunnel, linking France and Italy. Out of the tunnel, the A43 autoroute begins and which leads to Chambéry and Lyon, also passes on the heights of the commune (in Charmaix).

In addition, the D 1006 (former Route Nationale 6), an important route coming from Chambéry, also passes through Modane before continuing up to the Col du Mont-Cenis and the Italian border. The road is also the main axis of the commune, which it crosses through the full length of the centre. However, it has several street names including, from west to east: Avenue de la Liberté, Rue de la République, Avenue Jean Jaurès and the Cours Aristide Briand.

Railway

The commune of Modane is home to an international railway station, the Gare de Modane, in which receives trains from Turin in Italy, through the Fréjus Rail Tunnel, and with trains to Chambéry, as well as the TGV on the Milan (Italy) to Paris route. The whole of the French part of the line is owned by the Réseau Ferré de France (RFF), the upstream network is managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, society of FS (Ferrovie dello Stato), the lower part and the station being under the management of the SNCF. There is therefore an electrical disconnection and signaling changes upstream (catenary supports also bear inscriptions in Italian).

The railway line serving Modane is the Maurienne line, or its official name the ligne de Culoz à Modane (frontière) [line of Culoz to Modane (border)]. It marks the territory of the commune of Modane looping 180° between its exit from the station and its entry into the Fréjus tunnel.

Urbanism

A view of Modane, circa 1920

Toponymy

The modern spelling Modane is not attested before circa. 1700. Previously, there were Amoudane, Amaudane, Amaldanus. The initial vowel has therefore fallen from use (taken for the preposition à [to]). The word could come from a proper name, that of the keeper of a manso, Amaudanes, mentioned in a cartulary of the 12th century.

History

In 1871, following the opening of the Mont-Cenis rail tunnel Modane quickly became a border city. The Italian journey began between Italian immigration and transit trade and the population increased significantly. However, the increasingly strained relations between France and Italy lead to the construction in 1885 of the Fort du Replaton, an interdiction fort to monitor the entrance of the tunnel.

During World War II, the city was bombed on 13 or 17 September 1943 by Allied aircraft. The objective of the bombing was the station, an important centre of transit between France and Italy. The bombing caused 60 victims and 100 houses were destroyed. A second bombing took place on the night of 10–11 November 1943, killing five civilians.[2]

In 1969, the city turned to tourism. A chairlift departing from Fourneuax and joining the hamlet of Charmaix on the commune of Modane, at 1,550 metres (5,090 ft) altitude, was indeed created, like the d'Arrondaz snow stadium, allowing skiing at 1,550 to 2,500 metres (5,090 to 8,200 ft) altitude.

In 1983, the promoter of Tignes, Pierre Schnebelen, created a new station from d'Arrondaz. It built the estate on the hamlet, two cable cars of 1,550 to 2,737 metres (5,085 to 8,980 ft), joining the top of Punta Bagna. A new international ski resort was created: Valfréjus (station attached to the municipality of Modane). Between 1983 and 2008, the station evolved to have 7,000 tourist beds.

Politics and administration

Political trends and outcomes

Modane town hall in 2007

2014 municipal elections in Savoie

List of mayors

List of mayors of Modane
Start End Name Party Other details
June 1995 March 2008 Claude Vallet DVG
March 2008 March 2014 Jean-Claude Raffin DVG
March 2014 In progress Jean-Claude Raffin DVG

Twinning

Modane is twinned with:

Population and society

Demography

In 2012, the commune had 3,345 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses carried out in the town since 1793. From the 21st century, communes with less 10,000 population have real censuses held every five years, unlike other communes that have a sample survey each year.[note 1][note 2]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1793902—    
1800948+5.1%
18061,139+20.1%
18221,076−5.5%
18381,200+11.5%
18481,217+1.4%
18581,204−1.1%
18611,227+1.9%
18661,343+9.5%
YearPop.±%
18721,599+19.1%
18762,144+34.1%
18812,394+11.7%
18862,572+7.4%
18912,725+5.9%
18962,771+1.7%
19012,603−6.1%
19062,676+2.8%
19113,260+21.8%
YearPop.±%
19212,958−9.3%
19263,616+22.2%
19314,441+22.8%
19364,930+11.0%
19461,654−66.5%
19544,064+145.7%
19624,735+16.5%
19685,633+19.0%
19754,974−11.7%
YearPop.±%
19824,798−3.5%
19904,250−11.4%
19993,658−13.9%
20063,739+2.2%
20113,351−10.4%
20123,345−0.2%
Population without double counting from 1962 to 1999; municipal population for the dates afterwards
Source: Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1999[3] then INSEE from 2004[4]

Education

Daycare:

Schools:

Collège: La Vanoise Collège

Economy

Business and shops

The ONERA site in the commune of Modane and Avrieux.

Tourism

In 2014, the capacity of the commune, estimated by the organisation of Savoie Mont Blanc, is 7,849 tourist beds in 870 establishments.[note 3] Valfréjus ski station concentrates most of these beds and structures (over 70%).[9] The accommodation of the commune is as follows: 139 furnished; 8 apartment hotels; 5 hotels; an outdoors facility; one holiday village and one gîte or overnight gîte.[9]

Sport

The Tour de France cycling race came to Modane, starting stage 19 there, in 2011. Modane is due to welcome the return of the race during the 2015 Tour de France, for the start of stage 20, the penultimate stage, on 25 July.

Local culture and heritage

Places and monuments

Former entrance to the Fréjus Rail Tunnel
The chapel of Saint-Jacques

Museums

Personalities linked to the commune

Heraldry

 The arms of Modane are blazoned :
Gules two bars of or raised in pale, to a cross drilled and lowered argent, the cross stitched on the bars, surmounted by a Fleur-de-lis or; and to a tower crenellated five pieces of the same, open of sable and stitched on the cross.

See also

Bibliography

Notes

  1. ↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the terms of census have been amended by Act No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, called "grassroots democracy law" on the democracy of proximity and in particular Title V "of census operations", in order, after a power transition period from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For municipalities with populations greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is carried out annually, the entire territory of these municipalities is included at the end of the same period of five years. The first post-legal population from 1999, and fitting in the new system which came into force on 1 January 2009, is the census of 2006.
  2. ↑ In the census table, by Wikipedia convention, the principle was retained for subsequent legal populations since 1999 not to display the census populations in the table corresponding to the year 2006, the first published legal population calculated according to the concepts defined in Decree No. 2003-485 of 5 June 2003, and the years corresponding to an exhaustive census survey for municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants, and the years 2006, 2011, 2016, etc. For municipalities with more than 10,000, the latest legal population is published by INSEE for all municipalities.
  3. ↑ Savoie Mont Blanc's structure, for this statistical data, the capacity in terms of tourist beds of a station or a commune adds merchant establishments, which belong to the hospitality sector, and non-market accommodation, which implies no commercial transaction as secondary residences.[9]

References

  1. ↑ "Pierre Dompnier, La Moyenne Maurienne".
  2. ↑ "1C 1001 SNCF ex-1CC1 3805 SNCF (161DE 5 PLM)". Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  3. ↑ "Modane" [Modane] (in French). Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  4. ↑ "73157-Modane 2006" [73157-Modane 2006] (in French). Retrieved 9 May 2015., "73157-Modane 2009" [73157-Modane 2009] (in French). Retrieved 9 May 2015. and "73157-Modane 2011" [73157-Modane 2011] (in French). Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  5. ↑ "Jacquemmoz Agence de Modane".
  6. ↑ "CRF de l'Albaron".
  7. ↑ Article entitled "Paradoxe", in Air & Cosmos, n° 2430, 21 November 2014, page 4
  8. ↑ Matussière et Forest GoogleBook - Histoire de l'énergie hydraulique.
  9. 1 2 3 "La capacité d'accueil touristique en Savoie-Mont-Blanc". le site Savoie-Mont-Blanc - pro.savoie-mont-blanc.com. Observatoire. 19 December 2014. Les données détaillées par commune, et par station : nombre de structures, nombre de lits par type d'hébergements (fichier : Détail des capacités 2014, .xlsx).
  10. ↑ "L'ouvrage de Saint-Gobain". fortifications-maurienne.com.
  11. ↑ voir le livre L’Occupation italienne, Jean-Louis Panicacci, 2010 aux Presses universitaires de Rennes Jean-Louis Panicacci (2010). "L’Occupation italienne".
  12. ↑ "Le Museobar".
  13. ↑ "Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane".
  14. ↑ Germain, Michel (2007). Personnages illustres des Savoie [Famous people of Savoie] (in French). Autre Vue. p. 44. ISBN 978-2-9156-8815-3. 619.

External links

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