Wareham, Dorset

Wareham

Wareham Quay
Wareham
 Wareham shown within Dorset
Population 5,496 (Town parish)
8,270(both parishes)
OS grid referenceSY923873
Civil parishWareham Town
Wareham St. Martin
DistrictPurbeck
Shire countyDorset
RegionSouth West
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town WAREHAM
Postcode district BH20
Dialling code 01929
Police Dorset
Fire Dorset
Ambulance South Western
EU Parliament South West England
UK ParliamentMid Dorset and North Poole
List of places
UK
England
Dorset

Coordinates: 50°41′10″N 2°06′36″W / 50.686°N 2.1099°W / 50.686; -2.1099

Wareham (/ˈwɛərəm/ WAIR-əm) is an historic market town and, under the name Wareham Town, a civil parish, in the English county of Dorset. The town is situated on the River Frome eight miles (13 km) southwest of Poole.

Situation and geography

The town is built on a strategic dry point between the River Frome and the River Piddle at the head of the Wareham Channel of Poole Harbour. The Frome Valley runs through an area of unresistant sand, clay and gravel rocks, and much of its valley has wide flood plains and marsh land. At its estuary the river has formed the wide shallow ria of Poole Harbour. Wareham is built on a low dry island between the marshy river plains.

River Frome

The town is situated on the A351 Lytchett Minster-Swanage road and at the eastern terminus of the A352 road to Dorchester and Sherborne, both roads now bypassing the town centre. The town has a station on the South Western Main Line railway, and was formerly the junction station for services along the branch line to Swanage, now preserved as the Swanage Railway. The steam railway has ambitions to extend its service, currently from Swanage to Norden, near Corfe Castle back to Worgret Junction (where the mainline and branch divided) and into Wareham again.

To the north west of the town a large conifer plantation, Wareham Forest stretches several miles to the A35 road and the southern foothills of the Dorset Downs. To the south east is Corfe Castle and the heathland that borders Poole Harbour, including Wytch Farm oil field and Studland & Godlingstone Heath Nature Reserve. About four miles (7 km) to the south is a chalk ridge, the Purbeck Hills, and eight miles (12 km) to the south is the English Channel.

History

The town's strategic setting has made it an important settlement throughout its long history. Excavations at the nearby Bestwall site have produced evidence of transient early Mesolithic activity dating to around 9000 BCE. At the same site four large Neolithic pits containing worked flint and pottery fragments dating to 3700 BCE were found. Three greenstone axeheads discovered also probably date to this period. Flint working and potting continued throughout the Bronze Age. The first house discovered dates to the mid 15th century BCE.[1]

"Bloody Bank" is the high point in the distance, on West Walls

Archaeological evidence exists of a small Roman settlement, though the current town was founded by the Saxons.[2] The Roman name is unknown, but the town is referred to as Werham in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry of 784, from Old English wer (meaning 'fish trap, a weir') and hām ('homestead') or hamm ('enclosure hemmed in by water').[3]

Lady St. Mary Church

The town's oldest features are the town walls, ancient earth ramparts surrounding the town, likely built by Alfred the Great in the 9th century to defend the town from the Danes[4] as part of his system of burh towns. The Danes invaded and occupied Wareham in 876, and only left after Alfred returned with an army and made a payment of Danegeld. In 998 they attacked again, and in 1015 an invasion led by King Canute left the town in ruins.[5] The town was a Saxon royal burial place, notably that of King Beorhtric (d. 802). Also in the town at the ancient minster church of Lady St. Mary is the coffin said to be that of Edward the Martyr, dating from 978. His remains had been hastily buried there and were later taken from Wareham to Shaftesbury Abbey in north Dorset (and now lie in Brookwood Cemetery, Surrey).

By the end of the Saxon period, Wareham had become one of the most important towns in the county, to the extent that it housed two mints for the issue of Royal money.[6] The Burghal Hidage lists the town as 1,600 hides, the third largest in the realm.[4] After the conquest of England, the Normans built a castle on the banks of the River Frome, at the site now known as Castle Close. The castle was the focus of much fighting between the forces of Stephen and Matilda during the period of civil war in the mid 12th century.[7] The keep was destroyed at an unknown date in the 12th or 13th century, possibly under the terms of the Treaty of Wallingford,[8] and no visible trace remains. Up until this time Wareham had been an important port; however the growth of Poole and the gradual silting of the river caused a decline in trade and by the end of the 13th century most of the foreign trade had transferred to Poole. Local trade continued to be handled at the Quay until the construction of the railway in the 19th century.[6][9]

During the English Civil War, Wareham changed hands several times between the Royalists and Parliamentarians and in August 1644 was the site of a fierce battle with 2,000 Cromwellian soldiers besieging the town.[10]

After the Monmouth Rebellion of 1685, Wareham was one of a number of towns in Dorset where Judge Jeffreys held the Bloody Assizes, with five rebels being hanged, drawn and quartered on the West Walls, an area known as 'Bloody Bank'.[11][12] This may also have been the site of the execution of a hermit known as Peter de Pomfret who in 1213 had prophesied that before the next Ascension Day King John's rule would be over. The prophecy turned out to be incorrect, and the King decreed that Peter should be dragged through the streets of the town tied to a horse's tail and hanged together with his son.[11]

In 1762, a fire destroyed two thirds of the town, which has been rebuilt in Georgian architecture with red brick and Purbeck limestone, following the earlier street pattern. The town is divided into four quarters by the two main roads, which cross at right-angles. The medieval almshouses escaped the fire, and some of the Georgian façades are in fact disguising earlier buildings which also survived.

With the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Wareham became a garrison town with up to 7,000 soldiers living and training locally. The camp was re-located to nearby Bovington in 1922.[13] The town survived the Second World War largely intact, although five houses were destroyed when a bomb dropped by a German aeroplane fell near St Martin's Church in 1942.[14]

Because of the constraints of the rivers and marshland Wareham grew little during the 20th century, while nearby towns, such as Poole, grew rapidly.

Religious sites

St. Martin's church

Wareham contains several places of worship with the oldest being the Saxon churches of Lady St. Mary (substantially modified but the origins are pre-conquest.[15] The Saxon nave was demolished in 1841-2) and St. Martins-on-the-Walls (built c.1030, dedicated to Martin of Tours). Both are Anglican. The 14th century building of Holy Trinity Church stands on the site of the Saxon chapel St Andrew's[5] and was until 2012 a tourist information centre. Other churches are the Wareham United Reformed Church in Church Street, St. Edward the Martyr Roman Catholic church on Shatters Hill, Wareham Methodist Church in North St. and the Evangelical Church in Ropers Lane. Sections of the churchyard of Lady St. Mary are managed by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, containing as it does a number of graves of servicemen who died in a nearby military hospital during the First World War and others, including those of German and Polish servicemen, from the Second World War.

Government

North St.

The civil parish of Wareham Town encompasses the walled town of Wareham, situated on the land between the rivers Frome and Piddle, together with the area of Northport to the north of the River Piddle, and a relatively small amount of the surrounding rural area. The parish has an area of 6.52 square kilometres (2.52 square miles).[16][17]

The sister civil parish of Wareham St. Martin covers much of the rural area to the north of Wareham, including the village of Sandford. Taken together the two Wareham parishes have an area of 36.18 square kilometres (13.97 square miles), with a 2011 population of 8,270 in 3,788 dwellings.

Both parishes forms part of the Purbeck local government district within the county of Dorset. They are within the Mid Dorset and North Poole constituency of the House of Commons and the South West England constituency of the European Parliament.[16]

Demography

Religion %[18]
Buddhist 0.21
Christian 80.33
Hindu 0.0
Jewish 0.07
Muslim 0.32
No religion 12.24
Other 0.25
Sikh 0.0
Not stated 6.59
AgePercentage[19]
0–1515.4
16–172.5
18–4429.3
45–5923.4
60–8426.4
85+3.0
YearPopulation[20]
19211,930
19512,750
19714,370
19814,580
19915,620
20015,680
20095,640

The population of Wareham according to the 2001 UK Census was 5,665[18] living in 2,545 dwellings.[19] 99% of Wareham's population are of White ethnicity.[19] 80.33% of the population state their religion as Christian, 12.24% as "No religion" with 6.59% not stated.[18] There is a high proportion of older people in the town: 29.4% of the population are over 60 years old, against a national average of 21%.[19] The largest industry of employment for those who live in Wareham is manufacturing which employs 16.3%. Three other significant areas of employment are: wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles (13.5%), real estate renting and business activities (12.2%) and health and social work (10.5%).[19]

Culture

Wareham is twinned with Conches-en-Ouche in Normandy, France and with Hemsbach in Germany.[21] Since the 16th century Wareham has been a market town,[22] and still holds a market on Thursdays and Saturdays. In 2005 Wareham was named as a Fairtrade Town.[23]

Events held in the town include the annual carnival which takes place in July with a parade, fireworks and music by the Quay.[24] A new event is the music festival held in summer, with bands playing on the Quay, the Town Hall and the town's pubs.[24] The Wareham Court Leet, one of the few remaining Court Leets in Britain, meets nightly during the last week in November.[25]

In the church of St Martin-on-the-Walls, there is a recumbent effigy of T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) in Arab clothing, sculpted by Eric Kennington. Lawrence is buried at Moreton Churchyard where every year a quantity (decreases by one each year) of red roses are left. Near the town is Clouds Hill and Bovington army camp where Lawrence died after a motorbike accident. Wareham Town Museum, in East Street, has an interesting section on Lawrence and in 2006 produced an hour-long DVD entitled T. E. Lawrence — His Final Years in Dorset, including a reconstruction of the fatal accident. The museum also contains many artefacts on all aspects of the history of the town.

Cultural references

Thomas Hardy in his novels based the town of "Anglebury" on Wareham.[26] Dinah Craik used the town as one of the settings in her novel Agatha's Husband (as "Kingcombe").[27] Anglebury House - a tea house/restaurant still operating on the high street - was frequented by T E Lawrence. The seat where Lawrence regularly sat is marked by a plaque.[28]

Wareham is the setting for one of the "Amazing Adventures of Scary Bones the Skeleton" series of books for children by Ron Dawson, Scary Bones meets the Wacky Witches of Wareham. The book also includes a photograph of the town bridge and nearby Corfe Castle which also features in the story.

Some scenes from the 2002 German ZDF TV production Morgen Träumen Wir Gemeinsam ("Tomorrow We Dream Together") were filmed in Wareham.[29]

The hymn tune "Wareham" was composed by William Knapp (born at Wareham, 1698/9); Knapp composed several other hymn tunes and was parish clerk of Poole.[30]

Sport

Wareham is the home of Wareham Rangers Football Club who currently play in the Dorset Premier League. It is also the home of Swanage and Wareham RFU. There is a multi activity sports centre and swimming pool situated 500 metres west of the town centre.

Twin towns

Wareham is twinned with:

Notable people

See also

Wareham travel guide from Wikivoyage

Notes

  1. ↑ Ladle, Lilian; Woodward, Ann (Nov–Dec 2010). "Bestwall Quarry". British Archaeology (115). Retrieved 9 January 2011.
  2. ↑ Davis 1997, p. 9
  3. ↑ Hill, David; Rumble, Alexander R. (1996). The defence of Wessex: the Burghal Hidage and Anglo-Saxon fortifications. Manchester University Press. pp. 107–108. ISBN 0-7190-3218-0.
  4. 1 2 Davis 1997, p. 14
  5. 1 2 Davis 1997, p. 15
  6. 1 2 "DTC Wareham History". Wareham Town Council. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
  7. ↑ Davis 1997, p. 18
  8. ↑ D. F. RENN. "The Keep of Wareham Castle" (PDF). Retrieved 14 November 2010.
  9. ↑ Davis 1997, p. 20
  10. ↑ Davis 1997, p. 31
  11. 1 2 Ladle 1986, p. 28
  12. ↑ Davis 1997, p. 35
  13. ↑ Davis 1997, pp. 85–90
  14. ↑ Davis 1997, p. 91
  15. ↑ Davis 1997, p. 11
  16. 1 2 OS Explorer Map OL15 - Purbeck & South Dorset. Ordnance Survey. 2006. ISBN 978-0-319-23865-3.
  17. ↑ "Parish Statistics" (PDF). Purbeck District Council. 11 January 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 12 August 2007.
  18. 1 2 3 "Key Figures for 2001 Census: Census Area Statistics Information on 2001 Census: Census Area Statistics". Office for National Statistics. 2001. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 "Wareham Census Town Profile". Dorset County Council. 2005. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  20. ↑ "Wareham Keyfacts". Dorset For You Partnership. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  21. ↑ "Dorset Twinning Association". Dorset Twinning Association. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
  22. ↑ Letters, Samantha (18 June 2003). "Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs to 1516: Dorset". Centre for Metropolitan History (Institute of Historical Research, School of Advanced Study, University of London.
  23. ↑ "Fairtrade - Towns List". Fairtrade Foundation. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
  24. 1 2 "About Wareham". Wareham Town Council. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
  25. ↑ Terry Holland. "Duties of the Court Leet". Retrieved 14 November 2010.
  26. ↑ "The Thomas Hardy journal". 17-18. Thomas Hardy Society. 2001: 45.
  27. ↑ Davis 1997, p. 51
  28. ↑ "T E Lawrence - Lawrence of Arabia". Dorset Guide. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  29. ↑ "Film & TV Productions Shot On Location In The South-Central Region".
  30. ↑ Rowe, Lionel (c. 1960) The Churches of Wareham, Dorset; 9th ed. Gloucester: British Publishing Company; p. 19
  31. ↑ "British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  32. ↑ "REV. JOHN HUTCHINS – The History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset". Dorset OPC. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
  33. ↑ Rowe, Lionel (c. 1960) The Churches of Wareham, Dorset; 9th ed.. Gloucester: British Publishing Company; p. 19
  34. ↑ Ryan, Robert (6 April 2008). "Dorset according to TE Lawrence". The Sunday Times (London). Retrieved 23 December 2010.
  35. ↑ Hough, Andrew (10 June 2010). "David Mellor: a profile". The Telegraph (London). Retrieved 23 December 2010.
  36. ↑ Fox, Edward (10 October 2010). "Edward Fox: how I helped save Wareham from the supermarkets". The Telegraph (London). Retrieved 24 December 2010.

References

External links

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