Wei River

This article is about the large river whose source is in Gansu. For the smaller river in Shandong Province, see Wei River (Shandong).

The drainage basin of the modern Wei.

The Wei River (Chinese: 渭河; pinyin: Wèi Hé; Wade–Giles: Wei Ho) is a major river in west-central China's Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. It is the largest tributary of the Yellow River and very important in the early development of Chinese civilization.

The source of the Wei River is close to Weiyuan County – Wei yuan meaning "Wei's source" – in Gansu province, less than 200 kilometres (120 mi) from the Yellow River at Lanzhou. However, due to the sharp turn north the Yellow River takes in Lanzhou, the Wei and the Yellow River do not meet for more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) further along the Yellow River's course. In a direct line, the Wei's source lies 700 kilometres (430 mi) west of the main city along its course, Xi'an in Shaanxi province. The length of the river is 818 kilometres (508 mi) and the area drained covers 135,000 square kilometres (52,000 sq mi).

The Wei River's tributaries include the Luo River, Jing River, and the Chishui River.

History

Population concentration during the Western Zhou Dynasty (1050–771 BC). Note the extension up the Wei valley.

The valley of the Wei was one of the early cradles of Chinese civilization, along which the capitals of the Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang Dynasties were situated. The area of Dingxi around its headwaters in Gansu has numerous stone age sites from various early cultures. The Wei Valley is likely the earliest center of Chinese civilization, and also the location of China's first major irrigation works.^[1] Some Chinese historians now believe the Wei is the ancient Jiang River that gave its name to the families of Shennong and the Yan emperor, two Chinese legendary heroes credited with the early development of agriculture there.^[2]

The headwaters of the Wei River are also notable in the development of the Northern Silk Road. The Chinese segment of the Northern Silk Road connected Xi'an (then the capital of China) to the west via Baoji, Tianshui at the Wei's headwaters, Lanzhou, Dunhuang, and the Wushao Ling Mountain, before looping north of the Takla Makan on its way to Kashgar and the routes into Parthia.^[3]

In September 2003 extensive rainfall led to flooding that caused over 30 fatalities, and temporarily displaced over 300,000 persons.^[4] Ecological aspects of the Wei River have been examined with respect to flow rates in the Wei River.^[5]

References

Major rivers of China

Yangtze River system	Yalong River Min River Dadu River Qingyi River Tuo River Jialing River Fu River Qu River Wu River Hanshui River Qing River Chishui River Xiao River Xiang River Zi River Yuan River Lishui River Gan River Fu River Xin River Qingyi Jiang Qinhuai River Huangpu River

Yellow River system	Black River Daxia River Tao River Qingshui River Wuding River Fen River Wei River Jing River Luo River (Henan) Luo River (Shaanxi) Qin River

Pearl River system	North River East River Han River Mei River Ting River West River Yujiang River Yong River Xun River Qian River Hongshui River Nanpan River Beipan River Rong River Gui River

Heilong River system	Songhua River 2nd Songhua River Nen River Mudan River Ussuri River Argun River

Huai River system	Guo River Ying River Shiguan River

Other major rivers	Hai River Chaobai River Yongding River Hutuo River Liao River Tarim River Karatash River Ili River Shule River Tumen River Yalu River Luan River Red River Minjiang River Longjiang River Lancang River Beilun River Nu River Lion Spring River Elephant Spring River Yarlung Tsangpo River (Horse Spring River) Nyang River Subansiri River Irtysh River

Major canals	Grand Canal of China Lingqu Canal North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal

Coordinates: 34°36′42″N 110°17′20″E / 34.61167°N 110.28889°E / 34.61167; 110.28889

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