West Orange, New Jersey

West Orange, New Jersey
Township
Township of West Orange

Thomas Edison National Historical Park in West Orange

Map of West Orange Township in Essex County. Inset: Location of West Orange highlighted in the State of New Jersey.

Census Bureau map of West Orange, New Jersey
Coordinates: 40°47′09″N 74°15′54″W / 40.785753°N 74.26506°W / 40.785753; -74.26506Coordinates: 40°47′09″N 74°15′54″W / 40.785753°N 74.26506°W / 40.785753; -74.26506[1][2]
Country  United States
State  New Jersey
County Essex
Incorporated April 10, 1863 (as township)
Reincorporated February 28, 1900 (as town)
Government[3]
 • Type Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council)
 • Body Township Council
 • Mayor Robert D. Parisi (term ends December 31, 2018)[4][5]
 • Administrator John K. Sayers[6]
 • Clerk Karen J. Carnevale[7]
Area[1]
 • Total 12.171 sq mi (31.522 km2)
 • Land 12.046 sq mi (31.198 km2)
 • Water 0.125 sq mi (0.324 km2)  1.03%
Area rank 190th of 566 in state
3rd of 22 in county[1]
Elevation[8] 512 ft (156 m)
Population (2010 Census)[9][10][11][12]
 • Total 46,207
 • Estimate (2014)[13] 46,995
 • Rank 40th of 566 in state
5th of 22 in county[14]
 • Density 3,836.0/sq mi (1,481.1/km2)
 • Density rank 160th of 566 in state
14th of 22 in county[14]
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4)
ZIP code 07052[15][16]
Area code(s) 973[17]
FIPS code 3401379800[1][18][19]
GNIS feature ID 1729718[1][20]
Website Official website
Main Street in West Orange

West Orange is a suburban[21][22] township in central Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 46,207,[9][10][11] reflecting an increase of 1,264 (+2.8%) from the 44,943 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,840 (+14.9%) from the 39,103 counted in the 1990 Census.[23]

History

West Orange was initially a part of Newark township, and remained so until November 27, 1806, when the territory now encompassing all of The Oranges was detached to form Orange Township.[24] On April 13, 1807, the first government was elected. On January 31, 1860, Orange was incorporated as a town, and on April 3, 1872, it was reincorporated as a city.[24] Almost immediately, Orange began fragmenting into smaller communities, primarily because of local disputes about the costs of establishing paid police, fire and street departments. South Orange was organized on April 1, 1861, Fairmount (an independent municipality for less than one year that was later to become part of West Orange) on March 11, 1862, and East Orange on March 4, 1863.[24] West Orange (including what had been the briefly independent municipality of Fairmount) was incorporated as a township on April 10, 1863, and was reformed as a town on February 28, 1900.[24][25] In 1980, West Orange again became a township to take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated a greater share of government aid to municipalities classified as townships.[26][27][28]

The township derives its name from the city of Orange, which in turn is derived from William III of England[29] or William IV, Prince of Orange.[30]

The Thomas Edison factory in West Orange.

Llewellyn Park, the first planned community in America, is located within West Orange, and was designed by entrepreneur Llewellyn Haskell and architect Alexander Jackson Davis in 1857.[31] Llewellyn Park is considered among the best examples of the "Romantic Landscape" movement of that period.[32] Thomas Edison was one of the many residents.[33]

Evangelical Methodist Church

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 12.171 square miles (31.522 km2), including 12.046 square miles (31.198 km2) of land and 0.125 square miles (0.324 km2) of water (1.03%).[1][2] It is located approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) west of downtown Newark and 13 miles (21 km) west of New York City.

West Orange borders the Essex County communities of Essex Fells, Livingston, Millburn, Maplewood, Montclair, Orange, Roseland, Verona and South Orange.[34]

Neighborhoods

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Crestmont, Crystal Lake, Llewellyn Park, Pleasantdale and Saint Cloud.[35]

The township is marked by an eclectic mix of neighborhoods and housing types, which roughly correspond to the township's geographic features. Generally, the township has four distinct neighborhoods:

Downtown West Orange and The Valley

The oldest and most densely populated part of the township is Downtown West Orange, which lies in the low basin along the township's eastern border with the city of Orange and Montclair. Main Street, in this section, is home to the Thomas Edison National Historical Park, as well as the municipal building, police headquarters, and a branch post office. The West Orange Public Library is located on Mount Pleasant Avenue in this section, just west of Main Street. Downtown West Orange is laid out in the pattern of a traditional town, and is formed around the western termini of two major east-west arteries of the Newark street grid: Central Avenue and Park Avenue. Downtown West Orange has the most urban character of the township's neighborhoods, while the Valley is home to a growing arts district and a significant African American community.

The First Mountain

West of Downtown, the neighborhoods of West Orange become increasingly suburban as one ascends the steep hill of the First Watchung Mountain along Northfield, Mount Pleasant, or Eagle Rock Avenue. The housing stock in the neighborhoods of Hutton Park and Gregory is a mixture of Victorian, Jazz Age, and Tudor-style houses; large estates; garden apartments; and post-World War II modern houses. The Victorian enclave of Llewellyn Park, one of America's first planned residential communities, is also located on the First Mountain, having been created in 1853 as a site for country homes for the wealthy from New York City.[36] Many blocks on the First Mountain have sweeping views of the Newark and New York City skylines.

Pleasant Valley and Pleasantdale

Beyond the high ridge traced by Prospect Avenue, West Orange becomes a patchwork of post-World War II suburban neighborhoods, interspersed with pockets of older Victorian homes, as well as golf courses, professional campuses, and shopping centers. Pleasantdale, a walkable business district in this part of the township, includes a number of restaurants, office buildings, and houses of worship. Pleasantdale is also home to a significant Orthodox Jewish community.[37]

The Second Mountain

Finally, the westernmost section of West Orange lies along the eastern face of the Second Watchung Mountain, and includes large portions of the South Mountain Reservation. The housing stock in this neighborhood resembles that of Pleasantdale, as well as those of the adjacent suburban townships of Millburn and Livingston.

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18702,106—
18803,38560.7%
18904,35828.7%
19006,88958.1%
191010,98059.4%
192015,57341.8%
193024,32756.2%
194025,6625.5%
195028,60511.5%
196039,89539.5%
197043,7159.6%
198039,510−9.6%
199039,103−1.0%
200044,94314.9%
201046,2072.8%
Est. 201446,995[13][38]1.7%
Population sources:
1870-1920[39] 1870[40][41] 1880-1890[42]
1890-1910[43] 1900-1930[44]
1900-1990[45] 2000[46][47] 2010[9][10][11]

Census 2010

At the 2010 United States Census, there were 46,207 people, 16,790 households, and 11,753 families residing in the township. The population density was 3,836.0 per square mile (1,481.1/km2). There were 17,612 housing units at an average density of 1,462.1 per square mile (564.5/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 57.15% (26,406) White, 26.58% (12,284) Black or African American, 0.38% (174) Native American, 7.96% (3,680) Asian, 0.02% (10) Pacific Islander, 4.82% (2,227) from other races, and 3.09% (1,426) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 16.20% (7,487) of the population.[9]

There were 16,790 households, of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.28.[9]

In the township, 23.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.6 years. For every 100 females there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.2 males.[9]

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $88,917 (with a margin of error of +/- $4,480) and the median family income was $106,742 (+/- $5,256). Males had a median income of $65,854 (+/- $4,548) versus $43,223 (+/- $2,769) for females. The per capita income for the township was $43,368 (+/- $2,021). About 4.9% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.[48]

Census 2000

As of the 2000 United States Census[18] there were 44,943 people, 16,480 households, and 11,684 families residing in the township. The population density was 3,708.7 people per square mile (1,431.7/km2). There were 16,901 housing units at an average density of 1,394.7 per square mile (538.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 67.6% White, 17.5% African American, 0.14% Native American, 8.09% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.52% from other races, and 3.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.04% of the population.[46][47]

There were 16,480 households out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.19. In the township the population was spread out with 23.3% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.0 males.[46][47]

The median income for a household in the town was $69,254, and the median income for a family was $83,375. Males had a median income of $52,029 versus $39,484 for females. The per capita income for the township was $34,412. About 4.6% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.[46][47]

Economy

Essex Green Shopping Center is an outdoor mall with stores, restaurants and an AMC Theaters Fork and Screen dine-in movie theater.[49]

Sports

The Jersey Rockhoppers hockey team of the Eastern Professional Hockey League, formed for the 2008-09 season, played home games at the Richard J. Codey Arena.[50] The arena also used to be the practice facility for the New Jersey Devils from 1986-2007. The New Jersey Daredevils, a special needs hockey team formed in 2002 that plays in the SHI (Special Hockey International League), uses the arena for home games and practices. Annually in October, the Daredevils host a Halloween themed tournament for Special Hockey International teams (including the Daredevils themselves) called Frankenfest. Frankenfest has been going on every October since 2009. The New Jersey Devils Youth Hockey team also plays here as well.

Parks and recreation

The township is set off by two large parks: the South Mountain Reservation along its southwestern borders with Maplewood, Millburn and South Orange, and the Eagle Rock Reservation along its northeastern borders with Montclair and Verona.[51][52] The township straddles the transition between the low-lying Newark Bay basin and the high terrain of the Watchung Mountains.

Government

Local government

West Orange Municipal Building, Main Street & Mount Pleasant Avenue

West Orange is governed by Plan B of the Mayor-Council system of municipal government pursuant to the Faulkner Act, as implemented on July 1, 1962, by direct petition.[53] Each member of the Council is elected to a four-year term of on a staggered basis, with either three council seats or two seats and the mayoral seat up for election every even-numbered year. Township elections are nonpartisan and at-large.[3] In December 2013, the Township Council approved an ordinance that shifted municipal elections from May to the November general election, citing savings from the combined elections estimated as much as $100,000 per cycle.[54]

As of 2015, the Mayor of West Orange is Robert Parisi, whose term of office ends December 31, 2018.[4] Members of the Township Council are Victor Cirilo (2018), Jerry Guarino (2016), Joe Krakoviak (2016), Susan McCartney (2018) and Patty Spango (2016).[55][56][57][58][59]

Municipal court

Officers of the municipal court are:[60]

Township facilities

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 30,561 registered voters in West Orange, of which 14,166 (46.4%) were registered as Democrats, 3,273 (10.7%) were registered as Republicans and 13,108 (42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were no voters registered to other parties.[66]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 71.3% of the vote (15,214 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 27.9% (5,950 votes), and other candidates with 0.8% (177 votes), among the 21,491 ballots cast by the township's 32,061 registered voters (150 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 67.0%.[67][68] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 67.8% of the vote (15,423 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 29.3% (6,667 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (154 votes), among the 22,740 ballots cast by the township's 30,260 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.1%.[69] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 64.7% of the vote (13,535 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 34.0% (7,118 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (186 votes), among the 20,933 ballots cast by the township's 28,418 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 73.7.[70]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 56.0% of the vote (6,350 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 42.9% (4,863 votes), and other candidates with 1.1% (125 votes), among the 11,580 ballots cast by the township's 32,390 registered voters (242 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 35.8%.[71][72] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 59.3% of the vote (8,168 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 32.9% (4,530 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 6.2% (858 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (100 votes), among the 13,773 ballots cast by the township's 29,898 registered voters, yielding a 46.1% turnout.[73]

Federal, state and county representation

West Orange is split between the 10th and 11th Congressional Districts[74] and is part of New Jersey's 27th state legislative district.[10][75][76] Prior to the 2010 Census, West Orange had been split between the 8th Congressional District and the 10th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.[77] In the redistricting that took effect in 2013, 18,122 residents in the eastern third of the township were placed in the 10th district, while 28,085 residents in the western portion of the township were placed in the 11th District.[74][78]

New Jersey's Tenth Congressional District is represented by Donald Payne, Jr. (D, Newark).[79] New Jersey's Eleventh Congressional District is represented by Rodney Frelinghuysen (R, Harding Township).[80] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Cory Booker (D, Newark, term ends 2021)[81] and Bob Menendez (D, Paramus, 2019).[82][83]

For the 2016–2017 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 27th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Richard Codey (D, Roseland) and in the General Assembly by Mila Jasey (D, South Orange) and John F. McKeon (D, West Orange).[84] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham Township).[85] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).[86]

Essex County is governed by a directly-elected County Executive, with legislative functions performed by the Board of Chosen Freeholders.[87] As of 2014, the County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo, Jr.[88] The county's Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, four elected on an at-large basis and one from each of five wards, who serve three-year terms of office on a concurrent basis, all of which end December 31, 2014.[87][89][90] Essex County's Freeholders are Freeholder President Blonnie R. Watson (at large; Newark),[91] Freeholder Vice President Patricia Sebold (at large; Livingston),[92] Rufus I. Johnson (at large; Newark),[93] Gerald W. Owens (At large; South Orange, filling the vacant seat after the resignation of Donald Payne, Jr.)[94] Rolando Bobadilla (District 1 - Newark's North and East Wards, parts of Central and West Wards; Newark),[95] D. Bilal Beasley (District 2 - Irvington, Maplewood and Newark's South Ward and parts of West Ward; Irvington),[96] Carol Y. Clark (District 3 - East Orange, Newark's West and Central Wards, Orange and South Orange; East Orange)[97] and Leonard M. Luciano (District 4 - Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Livingston, Millburn, North Caldwell, Roseland, Verona, West Caldwell and West Orange; West Caldwell),[98] and Brendan W. Gill (District 5 - Belleville, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, Montclair and Nutley; Montclair).[99][100][101] Constitutional elected countywide are County Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (West Caldwell, 2015),[102] Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (2015)[103] and Surrogate Theodore N. Stephens, II (2016).[104][89][105]

Education

The West Orange Public Schools serves students in pre-Kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2011-12 school year, the district's 11 schools had an enrollment of 6,792 students and 573.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.84:1.[106] Schools in the district (with 2011-12 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[107]) seven elementary schools — Gregory Elementary School[108] (590 students; in grades K-5), Hazel Avenue Elementary School[109] (368; K-5), Mount Pleasant Elementary School[110] (416; K-5), Pleasantdale Elementary School[111] (424; PreK-5), Redwood Elementary School[112] (576; K-5), St. Cloud Elementary School[113] (386; K-5) and Washington Elementary School[114] (403; K-5) — three middle schools — Thomas A. Edison Central Six School[115] (6; 475), Liberty Middle School[116] (7&8; 551) and Roosevelt Middle School[117] (7&8; 464) — and West Orange High School[118] (2,141) for grades 9-12.[119][120]

Transportation

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the township had a total of 114.54 miles (184.33 km) of roadways, of which 89.63 miles (144.25 km) were maintained by the municipality, 19.45 miles (31.30 km) by Essex County and 5.46 miles (8.79 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[121]

Public transportation

New Jersey Transit offers bus service in the township to Newark on the 21, 29, 71, 73 and 79 routes, with local service on the 97 route.[122][123] In September 2012, as part of budget cuts, NJ Transit suspended service to Newark on the 75 line.[124]

DeCamp Bus Lines offers scheduled service between the township and the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 66 route.[125] Coach USA / Community Coach serves the Port Authority Bus Terminal on route 77.[126]

The township offers a jitney service that operates on weekdays, offering service to the Orange and South Orange train stations.[127]

Mass media and telecommunications

For years West Orange has been a hotbed for the mass-media and telecommunications industries. Edison's Black Maria, the first movie studio ever, was located here. Several broadcast antennas are located in the town. From the mid-1970s until the early 1990s Channel 68 TV maintained their offices, studios and transmitter at 416 Eagle Rock Avenue. After Channel 68 moved to West Market Street in Newark, this site was occupied by WNBC-TV and WPXN-TV as a backup transmitter facility. The main building which housed Channel 68 was since been demolished and the transmitter tower now stands alone. WFME-FM has studios and transmitter and executive offices on Mount Pleasant Avenue. The space is shared with its sister station WNYJ-TV. The office is located next to a Verizon Communications Fiber optics and satellite transmission facility; there is also a Fiber Optic and satellite transmission facility on Eagle Rock Avenue next to the old Channel 68 building. Former Upsala College radio station WFMU's transmitter is on Marcella Avenue just down the street from WFME-FM. Sprint Nextel and Verizon Wireless all have cell towers located throughout the township to provide clear coverage and Verizon maintains a huge Central Office on Prospect Avenue.

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with West Orange include:

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  2. 1 2 US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  3. 1 2 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 125.
  4. 1 2 Mayor's Office, Township of West Orange. Accessed July 3, 2015.
  5. ↑ 2015 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, as of October 20, 2015. Accessed November 15, 2015. As of date accessed, Parisi was listed as mayor with an incorrect term-end date of June 30, 2018, which does not reflect the shift of elections from May to November.
  6. ↑ Administration Administration, Township of West Orange. Accessed July 12, 2012.
  7. ↑ Township Clerk, Township of West Orange. Accessed July 12, 2012.
  8. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Township of West Orange, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 14, 2013.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for West Orange township, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 23, 2012.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Municipalities Grouped by 2011-2020 Legislative Districts, New Jersey Department of State, p. 13. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  11. 1 2 3 Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for West Orange township, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed May 23, 2012.
  12. ↑ Census 2010: Essex County, Asbury Park Press. Accessed June 15, 2011.
  13. 1 2 PEPANNRES - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 - 2014 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  14. 1 2 GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 6, 2012.
  15. ↑ Look Up a ZIP Code for West Orange, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed May 23, 2012.
  16. ↑ Zip Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed October 3, 2013.
  17. ↑ Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for West Orange, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 3, 2013.
  18. 1 2 American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  19. ↑ A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed May 23, 2012.
  20. ↑ US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  21. ↑ Haddon, Heather. "Brendan Byrne, 90 Years Old and Still in the Mix; New Jersey’s Oldest-Living Governor Makes the Rounds with a New Biography", The Wall Street Journal, December 19, 2014. Accessed March 28, 2016. "Mr. Bryne hails from the Irish-American Democratic establishment that was once a driving force of New Jersey politics. His father, Francis, spent 50 years in local politics in West Orange, a suburb 20 miles from New York City."
  22. ↑ Jacobs, Andrew. "Back From the Abyss", The New York Times, March 1, 2001. Accessed March 28, 2016. "It was 1997 and despite the region's revved-up economy, West Orange looked as if it were sliding into the abyss.Perched at the edge of New Jersey's most distressed urban places, this classic postwar suburb of 45,000 people faced a welter of seemingly intractable problems."
  23. ↑ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed July 12, 2012.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 133. Accessed May 23, 2012.
  25. ↑ Honeyman, Abraham Van Doren. Index-analysis of the Statutes of New Jersey, 1896-1909: Together with References to All Acts, and Parts of Acts, in the 'General Statutes' and Pamphlet Laws Expressly Repealed: and the Statutory Crimes of New Jersey During the Same Period, p. 314. New Jersey Law Journal Publishing Company, 1910. Accessed October 25, 2015.
  26. ↑ "Chapter VI: Municipal Names and Municipal Classification", p. 73. New Jersey State Commission on County and Municipal Government, 1992. Accessed September 24, 2015.
  27. ↑ "Removing Tiering From The Revenue Sharing Formula Would Eliminate Payment Inequities To Local Governments", Government Accountability Office, April 15, 1982. Accessed September 24, 2015. "On November 4, 1980, the communities of West Orange and Montclair voted a change to their township classification beginning in entitlement period 13 (Oct. 1, 1981, to Sept. 30, 1982). The communities of Belleville, Bloomfield, Nutley, Essex Fells, Verona, Caldwell, and West Caldwell have since become townships."
  28. ↑ Narvaez, Alfonso A. "New Jersey Journal", The New York Times, December 27, 1981. Accessed September 24, 2015. "Under the Federal system, New Jersey's portion of the revenuesharing funds is disbursed among the 21 counties to create three 'money pools.' One is for county governments, one for 'places' and a third for townships. By making the change, a community can use the township advantage to get away from the category containing areas with low per capita incomes."
  29. ↑ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 16, 2015.
  30. ↑ Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States, p. 23. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed September 16, 2015.
  31. ↑ LP Historical Society and Archives, Llewellyn Park. Accessed September 10, 2007.
  32. ↑ Jackson, John Brinckerhoff; and Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz. Landscape in Sight: Looking at America, p. 180. Yale University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-300-08074-3. Accessed July 11, 2011.
  33. ↑ Rand, Ellen. "NEW JERSEY HOUSING; A Haven of Anachronistic Calm", The New York Times, December 21, 1980. Accessed July 11, 2011.
  34. ↑ Areas touching West Orange, MapIt. Accessed April 17, 2015.
  35. ↑ Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  36. ↑ Martin, Antoinette. "An Enclave Wonders if It Is Too Private", The New York Times, July 10, 2005. Accessed May 23, 2012.
  37. ↑ Caldwell, Dave. "Harder to Get to, Easier to Pay For", The New York Times, December 12, 2008. Accessed July 11, 2011.
  38. ↑ Census Estimates for New Jersey April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  39. ↑ Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed July 23, 2013.
  40. ↑ Raum, John O. The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1, p. 246, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed July 23, 2013. "West Orange was formed from the town of Orange; population in 1870, 2,106."
  41. ↑ Staff. A compendium of the ninth census, 1870, p. 259. United States Census Bureau, 1872. Accessed July 23, 2013.
  42. ↑ Porter, Robert Percival. Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III - 51 to 75, p. 98. United States Census Bureau, 1890. Accessed July 23, 2013.
  43. ↑ Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 336. Accessed May 22, 2012. 1890 population for West Orange Township is listed in Footnote 11.
  44. ↑ Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 712. Accessed May 22, 2012.
  45. ↑ Table 6. New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed June 28, 2015.
  46. 1 2 3 4 Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for West Orange township, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 23, 2012.
  47. 1 2 3 4 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for West Orange township, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 10, 2012.
  48. ↑ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for West Orange township, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 23, 2012.
  49. ↑ Home Page, Essex Green. Accessed October 30, 2014.
  50. ↑ Stephenson, Colin. "Jersey Rockhoppers ready to drop puck", The Star-Ledger, October 30, 2008. Accessed October 3, 2013. "But the Eastern Professional Hockey League is nevertheless set to debut this weekend in four markets in the Greater New York area, with one of the league's teams based in northern New Jersey. The Jersey Rockhoppers, who will play their home games at the Richard J. Codey Arena in West Orange, are set to open up at 7:30 p.m. Saturday with a home game against the Brooklyn Aces."
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  52. ↑ Eagle Rock Reservation, Essex County, New Jersey Department of Parks, Recreation, and Cultural Affairs. Accessed May 23, 2012.
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  60. ↑ 2014 Current Fund Budget Detail, Township of West Orange. Accessed October 30, 2014.
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  63. ↑ 25 Mount Pleasant Place
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  76. ↑ Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
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  79. ↑ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 5, 2012.
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  81. ↑ About Cory Booker, United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  82. ↑ Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "He currently lives in Paramus and has two children, Alicia and Robert."
  83. ↑ Senators of the 114th Congress from New Jersey. United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"
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  85. ↑ "About the Governor". State of New Jersey. Retrieved 2010-01-21.
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  88. ↑ Essex County Executive, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  89. 1 2 Essex County Elected Officials, Essex County Clerk, as of February 2012. Accessed July 9, 2014.
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  96. ↑ D. Bilal Beasley, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
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  98. ↑ Leonard M. Luciano, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  99. ↑ Brendan W. Gill, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
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  101. ↑ Breakdown of Freeholder Districts, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
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  128. ↑ Stewart, Zan. "Born to swing: Nat Adderley Jr. returns to his roots", The Star-Ledger, September 10, 2009. Accessed October 30, 2014. "These days, Adderley, who makes his home in West Orange, has his sights set back on jazz."
  129. ↑ Elliott, Walter. "Essex County Olympians: Then and Now", LocalTalkNews.com, August 23, 2012. Accessed October 25, 2015. "WEST ORANGE: Mike Austin (b. 1943) Swimming, 1 GLD, 1964 SO"
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  136. ↑ Boyd, Joseph G. "David Cassidy values happiness more than success", The Milwaukee Sentinel, August 19, 1981. Accessed January 17, 2011.
  137. 1 2 Allis, Tim. "The Boys Are Back", People (magazine), November 1, 1993. Accessed May 4, 2011. "David, by contrast, spent his earliest years as an only child in a row house in West Orange, N.J., with his mother, stage actress Evelyn Ward, who was divorced from Jack when David was 3."
  138. ↑ Fowler, Glenn. "Joan Caulfield, A Film Actress, Is Dead at 69", The New York Times, June 20, 1991. Accessed May 23, 2012. "Miss Caulfield, who was a native of West Orange, N.J., attended Columbia University and was a fashion model and a cover girl before she landed ingenue roles on Broadway in the early 1940's."
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  141. ↑ Fairleigh Dickinson University Commencement Honoree: Richard J. Codey, Fairleigh Dickinson University. Accessed December 31, 2006.
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  144. 1 2 Ross, Barbara. "'NAUGHTY' GUYS ARE ARRESTED ON GUN CHARGES", Daily News (New York), June 14, 1997. Accessed January 29, 2011. "Two members of the Grammy-winning rap group Naughty by Nature were charged yesterday with carrying loaded and unlicensed 9-mm. pistols. Anthony (Treach) Criss, 26, and Vincent (Vinnie) Brown, 26, both of West Orange, N.J., were arraigned on felony charges of criminal possession of a weapon."
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  148. ↑ Jordan, Chris. "Hip-hop phenomenon 'mixtapes' go mainstream", The Tennessean, March 8, 2005. Accessed November 5, 2007. "Whoo Kid, who hails from West Orange, N.J., has certainly diversified. The Queens-raised kid of Haitian parents starting spinning at 16; now, he performs around the world with 50 Cent and on his own."
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  150. ↑ "Webster and Miss Duenkel Gain Diving and Swimming Gold Medals for U.S.; JERSEY GIRL SETS 400-METER MARK She Captures Free-Style in 4:43.3 -- Webster Rallies From 6th in High Diving", The New York Times, October 18, 1964. Accessed November 5, 2007. "Bob Webster, a 25-year-old diving perfectionist from Santa Ana, Calif., and Ginny Duenkel, a free-style swimmer from West Orange, N.J., won gold medals today for the United States."
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  152. ↑ Pace, Eric. "Theodore M. Edison; An Illustrious Father Guided Inventor, 94", The New York Times, November 26, 1992. Accessed May 23, 2012. "Theodore M. Edison, an inventor, environmentalist and philanthropist who was the last surviving child of the inventor Thomas Alva Edison, died on Tuesday at his home in West Orange. He was 94 years old."
  153. ↑ Thomas Edison National Historical Park, govnotes.com. Accessed November 5, 2007. "Half of Edison's astonishing 1,093 patents were earned during the 44 years he lived in West Orange."
  154. ↑ "Eugenio Fernandi, 66, famed opera tenor", Echoes-Sentinel, August 15, 1991. Accessed October 25, 2015. "Born in Pisa, Italy, Mr. Fernandi lived in West Orange before moving to Millington four years ago."
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  198. ↑ Edel, Raymond A. "Mini-Bio for Kids: Ian Ziering", The Record (Bergen County), December 20, 1992. Accessed September 29, 2007. "Ian, a native of West Orange, is a graduate of William Paterson College in Wayne."
  199. ↑ Staff. "JURY TO GET TAX CASE; Judge Holds Jersey Panel Must Pass on Zwillman Charges", The New York Times, February 28, 1956. Accessed May 23, 2012. "Federal Judge Reynier J. Wortendyke Jr. ruled today that income tax charges against Abner (Longie) Zwillman of 50 Beverly Road, West Orange, must be submitted to the jury."
  200. ↑ Sullivan, Joseph F. "Jersey Man in Abscam Case Is Experienced With Inquiries; Conspiracy Charges Dismissed Two Other Directors From Jersey Started as Tire Salesman Need for Advice Questioned Bid-Rigging Indictment Message Termed Death Threat", The New York Times, March 9, 1980. "Mr. Zwillman, who later was found hanged in his West Orange home, also testified about his relationship with Mr. Bozzo."

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