Bellingham, Washington

"Bellingham" redirects here. For other uses, see Bellingham (disambiguation).
Bellingham, Washington
City

Seal
Nickname(s): City of Subdued Excitement

Bellingham's location (red, southwest corner at lower left) in Whatcom County (brown, northwest corner at upper left), in the state of Washington
Bellingham, Washington

Location in the United States

Coordinates: 48°45′1″N 122°28′30″W / 48.75028°N 122.47500°W / 48.75028; -122.47500
Country United States
State Washington
County Whatcom
Incorporated July 29, 1904
Government
 • Type Mayor–council
 • Mayor Kelli Linville
Area[1]
 • City 28.90 sq mi (74.85 km2)
 • Land 27.08 sq mi (70.14 km2)
 • Water 1.82 sq mi (4.71 km2)
Elevation 69 ft (22 m)
Population (2015)[2]
 • City 104,356
 • Estimate (2016)[3] 114,473
 • Rank US: 240th
 • Density 3,961/sq mi (1,153.2/km2)
 • Urban 114,473 (US: 275th)
 • Metro 208,351 (US: 210th)
Time zone PST (UTC−8)
 • Summer (DST) PDT (UTC−7)
ZIP codes 98225-98229
Area code(s) 360
FIPS code 53-05280
GNIS feature ID 1512001[4]
Demonym Bellinghamster
Highways
I‑5		 SR 11
SR 539
SR 542
Website www.cob.org

Bellingham (/ˈbɛlɪŋhæm/ US dict: bĕl′·ĭng·hăm) is the largest city in, and the county seat of, Whatcom County in the State of Washington, United States.[5] It is the seventh-largest city in the state, with 114,473 residents at the 2016 US Census,[6] or fifth-largest by metropolitan area after Seattle-Tacoma, Spokane, the northern side of the Portland metropolitan area, and the Tri-Cities. The boundaries of the city encompass the former towns of Fairhaven, Whatcom, Sehome, and Bellingham.

Bellingham is the northernmost city in the contiguous United States with a population of more than 50,000 residents. It is acclaimed for its easy access to outdoor opportunities in the San Juan Islands and North Cascades as well as proximity to the cities of Vancouver and Seattle. It is also famous for the large quantities of Canadian tourists and shoppers who visit daily to take advantage of relatively cheap gasoline, airfare and other products.

History

An old bank building, built in 1900 in the Fairhaven Historic District.

The name of Bellingham is derived from the bay on which the city is situated. George Vancouver, who visited the area in June 1792, named the bay for Sir William Bellingham, the controller of the storekeeper's account of the Royal Navy.[7]

Prior to Euro-American settlement, Bellingham was in the homeland of Coast Salish peoples of the Lummi and neighboring tribes. The first Caucasian settlers reached the area in 1854. In 1858, the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush caused thousands of miners, storekeepers, and scalawags to head north from California. Whatcom (Bellingham's original name) grew overnight from a small northwest mill town to a bustling seaport, the basetown for the Whatcom Trail, which led to the Fraser Canyon goldfields, used in open defiance of colonial Governor James Douglas's edict that all entry to the gold colony be made via Victoria, British Columbia.

Coal was mined in the Bellingham area from the mid-19th to the mid-20th centuries. It was Henry Roeder who had discovered coal off the northeastern shore of Bellingham Bay, and in 1854 a group of San Francisco investors established the Bellingham Bay Coal Company. The mine extended to hundreds of miles of tunnels as deep as 1200 feet. It ran southwest to Bellingham Bay, on both sides of Squalicum Creek, an area of about one square mile. At its peak in the 1920s, the mine employed some 250 miners digging over 200,000 tons of coal annually. It was closed in 1955.[8][9]

Bellingham was officially incorporated on November 4, 1903 as a result of the incremental consolidation of four towns initially situated around Bellingham Bay during the final decades of the 19th Century. Whatcom is today's "Old Town" area and was founded in 1852.[10] Sehome was an area of downtown founded in 1854. Bellingham was further south near Boulevard Park, founded in 1853; while Fairhaven was a large commercial district with its own harbor, also founded in 1853.

In 1890, Fairhaven developers bought Bellingham. Whatcom and Sehome had adjacent borders and both towns wanted to merge; thus they formed New Whatcom. Later, on October 27, 1903, the word "New" was dropped from the name, because the Washington State Legislature outlawed the word new from city names. At first, attempts to combine Fairhaven and Whatcom failed, and there was controversy over the name of the proposed new city. Whatcom citizens wouldn't support a city named Fairhaven, and Fairhaven residents wouldn't support a city named Whatcom. They eventually decided to use the name Bellingham, which remains today. Voting a second time for a final merger of the four towns into a single city, the resolution passed by 2163 votes for and 596 against.[11]

In the early 1890s, three railroad lines arrived, connecting the bay cities to a nationwide market of builders. The foothills around Bellingham were clearcut after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake to help provide the lumber for the rebuilding of San Francisco. In time, lumber and shingle mills sprang up all over the county to accommodate the byproduct of their work.

In 1889, Pierre Cornwall and an association of investors formed the Bellingham Bay Improvement Company (BBIC). The BBIC invested in several diverse enterprises such as shipping, coal, mining, railroad construction, real estate sales and utilities. Even though their dreams of turning Bellingham into a Pacific Northwest metropolis never came to fruition, the BBIC made an immense contribution to the economic development of Bellingham.[12]

BBIC was not the only outside firm with an interest in Bellingham utilities. The General Electric Company of New York purchased Bellingham's Fairhaven Line and New Whatcom street rail line in 1897. In 1898 the utility merged into the Northern Railway and Improvement Company which prompted the Electric Corporation of Boston to purchase a large block of shares.[13]

Bellingham was the site of the Bellingham riots against East Indian (Sikh) immigrant workers in 1907. A mob of 400–500 white men, predominantly members of the Asiatic Exclusion League, with intentions to exclude East Indian immigrants from the work force of the local lumber mills, attacked the homes of the South Asian Indians. The Indians were mostly Sikhs but were labelled as Hindus by much of the media of the day.[14]

Bellingham's proximity to the Strait of Juan de Fuca and to the Inside Passage to Alaska helped keep some cannery operations here. P.A.F., for example, shipped empty cans to Alaska, where they were packed with fish and shipped back for storage.

Bellingham circa 1909
Bellingham, 2010

Economy

The mean annual salary of a wage earner in Bellingham is $37,990,[15] which is below the Washington State average of $44,710.[16]

Adjusted for inflation, wages in Bellingham and Whatcom County have been declining for more than 30 years as service-oriented jobs gain prominence in the local economy, and goods production (mining, construction and manufacturing) decline as a share of total employment. Service-oriented jobs now constitute at least 77% of all non-agricultural employment in Whatcom County.[17]

Between 1989 and 1999 median household income grew 41% in Whatcom County while housing costs grew 108% over the same period. In each year 1998–2000 the average wage in Whatcom County was not enough to afford a two-bedroom rental unit.[18]

For the year 2005, the median price of all homes sold in Whatcom County was $259,000 while the median price of homes sold in the Bellingham area was $269,000. This compares with a statewide median home price of $260,900.[19]

Largest employers

According to the City's 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[20] the largest employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 PeaceHealth St. Joseph Medical Center 2,750
2 Western Washington University (WWU) 1,072
3 Bellingham School District 946
4 City of Bellingham 813
5 BP Cherry Point Refinery 779
6 County of Whatcom 774
7 Lummi Nation 760
8 Aramark (foodservice contractor for WWU) 620
9 Zodiac Interiors 600
10 Alcoa Intalco Works 579

Geography

The city is located at 48°45′N 122°29′W / 48.750°N 122.483°W / 48.750; -122.483 (48.75, −122.48).[21] The city is situated on Bellingham Bay which is protected by Lummi Island, Portage Island, and the Lummi Peninsula, and opens onto the Strait of Georgia. It lies west of Mount Baker and Lake Whatcom (from which it gets its drinking water) and north of the Chuckanut Mountains and the Skagit Valley. Whatcom Creek runs through the center of the city. Bellingham is 17 miles (27 km) south of the US-Canada border and 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Vancouver.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.90 square miles (74.85 km2), of which, 27.08 square miles (70.14 km2) is land and 1.82 square miles (4.71 km2) is water.[1] The lowest elevations are at sea level along the waterfront. Alabama Hill is one of the higher points in the city at about 500 feet (150 m). Elevations of 800 feet (240 m) are found near Yew Street Hill north of Lake Padden and near Galbraith Mountain. South and eastward of the city limits are taller foothills of the North Cascades mountains. Mount Baker is the largest peak in the local area, with a summit elevation of 10,778 feet (3,285 m) that is only 31 miles (50 km) from Bellingham Bay. Mount Baker is visible from many parts of the city and western Whatcom County. Lake Whatcom forms part of the eastern boundary of the city, while many smaller lakes and wetland areas are found around the region.

Surrounding communities

 Ferndale Laurel Deming
Lummi Island Acme
   Bellingham  
Bow

Climate

Bellingham, Washington
Climate chart (explanation)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
4.7
 
 
46
33
 
 
3
 
 
48
33
 
 
3.2
 
 
52
36
 
 
2.7
 
 
57
40
 
 
2.5
 
 
62
46
 
 
1.9
 
 
67
50
 
 
1.2
 
 
71
54
 
 
1.2
 
 
72
53
 
 
1.8
 
 
67
48
 
 
3.7
 
 
58
42
 
 
5.8
 
 
50
37
 
 
4.2
 
 
44
32
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Source: NOAA
Old Main, Western Washington University in winter.

Bellingham's climate is generally mild and typical of the Puget Sound region. The year-long average daily high and low temperatures are 59 and 44.1 °F (15.0 and 6.7 °C), respectively. Western Whatcom County has a marine oceanic climate that is strongly influenced by the Cascade Range and Olympic Mountains. The Cascades to the east retain the temperate marine influence, while the Olympics provide a rain-shadow effect that buffers Bellingham from much of the rainfall approaching from the southwest.

Bellingham receives an average annual rainfall of 34.84 inches (885 mm), which is slightly less than nearby Seattle. As evident in the table below, November is typically the wettest month, with numerous frontal rainstorms arriving. Still, precipitation is distributed throughout the rainy period extending from October through April.[22] Bellingham was reported to have the lowest average sunshine amount of any city in the US.[23]

Despite this, Bellingham also has mild, pleasant summers. The hottest summer days rarely exceed 90 °F (32 °C) and the warmest temperature on record is 96 °F (36 °C) on July 29, 2009. This is markedly cooler than the record high for Seattle 103 °F (39 °C) and most other Washington locations. Bellingham experiences an average of 5.7 rainy days in July and August combined, which compares favorably with the Phoenix, Arizona average of 10 rainy days during the same period. Drought is rare, although some summers are noticeably drier than others and some normally reliable wells have been known to run dry in August and September. Nevertheless, crops are more frequently ruined by too much rain rather than too little.

Bellingham's proximity to the Fraser River valley occasionally subjects it to a harsh winter weather pattern (termed a 'north-Easter') wherein an upper level trough drives cold Arctic air from the Canadian interior southwesterly through the Fraser River Canyon. Such an event was recorded on November 28, 2006, when air temperatures of 12 °F (−11 °C) were accompanied by 30 to 48 miles per hour (48 to 77 km/h) winds. Wind chill equivalents reached −10 °F (−23 °C) according to NOAA.[24] Several days into this pattern, local ponds and smaller lakes freeze solidly enough to allow skating. Outflow winds can collide with a Gulf of Alaska moisture and create ice, snow, or heavy rains. This transition can also lead to freezing rain, referred to as a "Silver Thaw" that produces hazardous driving among other inconveniences.

Another weather phenomenon, known as the "Pineapple Express", happens in the autumn. For most of a day, an unusually warm and steady wind comes out of the south. It is essentially a reverse northeaster. (Some film of a northeaster and a "Chinook" can be seen at this link:.[25]) A variation that occurs in winter following several days of northeast outflow winds described above can melt significant snow accumulations very quickly, pushing drainage systems to their limits.

Climate data for Bellingham, Washington (Bellingham International Airport) 1981–2010, extremes 1949–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 65
(18)		 72
(22)		 76
(24)		 78
(26)		 90
(32)		 93
(34)		 96
(36)		 94
(34)		 89
(32)		 78
(26)		 69
(21)		 67
(19)		 96
(36)
Average high °F (°C) 45.6
(7.6)		 48.3
(9.1)		 52.2
(11.2)		 56.8
(13.8)		 62.2
(16.8)		 66.6
(19.2)		 71.2
(21.8)		 71.8
(22.1)		 66.9
(19.4)		 57.9
(14.4)		 49.7
(9.8)		 44.2
(6.8)		 57.8
(14.3)
Average low °F (°C) 32.8
(0.4)		 33.2
(0.7)		 36.3
(2.4)		 40.0
(4.4)		 45.5
(7.5)		 50.3
(10.2)		 53.5
(11.9)		 53.1
(11.7)		 47.6
(8.7)		 41.6
(5.3)		 36.7
(2.6)		 32.0
(0)		 41.9
(5.5)
Record low °F (°C) −2
(−19)		 −2
(−19)		 10
(−12)		 24
(−4)		 25
(−4)		 37
(3)		 40
(4)		 38
(3)		 28
(−2)		 20
(−7)		 3
(−16)		 −1
(−18)		 −2
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.67
(118.6)		 3.02
(76.7)		 3.22
(81.8)		 2.69
(68.3)		 2.48
(63)		 1.86
(47.2)		 1.18
(30)		 1.23
(31.2)		 1.78
(45.2)		 3.68
(93.5)		 5.80
(147.3)		 4.22
(107.2)		 35.83
(910.1)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 3.4
(8.6)		 2.4
(6.1)		 0.7
(1.8)		 Trace 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.1
(0.3)		 0.9
(2.3)		 2.9
(7.4)		 10.4
(26.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 18.2 14.8 17.0 14.7 12.9 9.9 5.9 6.6 9.9 15.3 19.9 18.3 163.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.8 1.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 1.5 5.8
Source: NOAA[26][27]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18908,135—
190011,06236.0%
191024,298119.7%
192025,5855.3%
193030,82320.5%
194029,314−4.9%
195034,11216.4%
196034,6881.7%
197039,37513.5%
198045,79416.3%
199052,17913.9%
200067,17128.7%
201080,88520.4%
Est. 201483,365[28]3.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[29]
2014 Estimate[3]

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $32,530, and the median income for a family was $47,196. Males had a median income of $35,288 versus $25,971 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,483. About 9.4% of families and 20.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.2% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those aged 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 80,885 people, 34,671 households, and 16,129 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,986.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,153.2/km2). There were 36,760 housing units at an average density of 1,357.5 per square mile (524.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 84.9% White, 1.3% African American, 1.3% Native American, 5.1% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 2.8% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.0% of the population.

There were 34,671 households of which 21.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.2% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.5% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.79.

The median age in the city was 31.3 years. 15.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 23.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.9% were from 25 to 44; 22% were from 45 to 64; and 12.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.

Education

There are three public high schools in Bellingham: Bellingham High School, Sehome High School and Squalicum High School.[30] Bellingham has four public middle schools, including Whatcom Middle School which was recently rebuilt after extensive fire damage in 2009.

Private schools in Bellingham include:

Western Washington University is located in Bellingham. It has more than 16,000 students.

Bellingham has three community colleges:

There is also a satellite campus of Trinity Western University in Bellingham.[37]

For-profit schools include Evergreen Team Concepts,[38] Charter College,Lean Leadership Institute, Washington Engineering Institute and Washington Technology Institute.

Government

The City of Bellingham has a non-partisan strong-mayor, weak-council form of government. The directly elected mayor serves a four-year term.[39] Six of the seven city council members are elected by ward for staggered four-year terms. The seventh council member is elected at-large every two years.[40]

A municipal court judge is also elected for four-year terms.[41]

The city maintains its own municipal police and fire department and operates the countywide Medic One medical emergency response service through an agreement with Whatcom County.[40] According to Uniform Crime Report statistics compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 2010, there were 282 violent crimes and 3,653 property crimes per 100,000 residents. Of these, the violent crimes consisted of 37 forcible rapes, 73 robberies and 170 aggravated assaults, while 589 burglaries, 2,931 larceny-thefts, 133 motor vehicle thefts and six arson defined the property offenses.[42]

Local culture

Events

Beer

Bellingham topped a 2015 list of Beer Snob Cities.[54] It is home to nine breweries and an annual Bellingham Beer Week.[55]

Downtown

Downtown Bellingham, Washington

In 2014, Bellingham's downtown was named #8 on Livability.com's Best Downtowns list.[56]

The Bellingham Farmers Market[57] is open on Saturdays from early April to late December. Originally opened in 1993, the Farmers Market now features more than fifty vendors, music and community events. There is a tradition that "on opening day a cabbage is thrown by a city official to a long standing vendor." The association also operates a weekly Wednesday market in nearby Fairhaven.

Local attractions

Upper Falls in Whatcom Falls Park

Although Bellingham is smaller than neighboring metropolitan areas such as Seattle, Vancouver, or Victoria, the city and its surrounding region offer many attractions which are popular for both residents and visitors. The Whatcom Museum of History and Art[58] sponsors exhibits of painting, sculpture, local history, and is an active participant in the city's monthly Gallery Walks which are pedestrian tours of the historic buildings of the city, offering history and art lessons for local schools and adult groups, and historic cruises on Bellingham Bay. The Bellingham Railway Museum is where one may find educational displays explaining the history of railroading in Whatcom County, as well as model trains, and a freight-train simulator. The SPARK Museum of Electrical Invention,[59] formerly known as the American Museum of Radio and Electricity, is a unique local establishment which features a collection of rare artifacts from 1580 into the 1950s, providing educational resources about the history of electronics and radio broadcasting. The AMRE also operates KMRE-LP 102.3 FM, a low-power FM radio station which broadcasts a number of old shows popular many decades ago, as well as programming of general interest to the local community. Mindport[60] is a privately funded arts and science museum, and is also occasionally involved in the Gallery Walks.

The scenic splendor of Bellingham and Whatcom County is appreciated by residents and tourists. Whatcom Falls Park is a 241-acre (0.98 km2) large public park encompassing the Whatcom Creek gorge, running directly through the heart of the city. It has four sets of waterfalls and several miles of walking trails, and is a hub of outdoor activity connecting and defining several different neighborhoods of Bellingham. Popular activities during warmer weather include swimming, fishing, and strolling along the numerous walking trails.[61] About 31 mi (50 km) east of Bellingham the Mount Baker Ski Area is home to many of the world's first snowboarding champions, and it holds the world record for the greatest amount of snowfall in one season (winter 1998–1999). During most years the depth of accumulated snow exceeds 12 ft (3.7 m).

South of the city of Bellingham one may travel along Chuckanut Drive (Washington State Route 11), a route which offers cliffside views of the sea, the San Juan Islands and the Olympic Mountains, the hills and forests of the Chuckanut mountains, and several small picturesque bays along the edge of the Salish Sea. Several miles from Bellingham in the southern part of Whatcom County there are many places enjoyed by vacationers and enthusiasts of outdoor recreation, including: Larrabee State Park (popular for hiking), Lake Padden (popular for swimming, fishing and golfing), and Lake Samish. To the east of the city lies Lake Whatcom, a beautiful natural resource which provides the local public water supply and is the source of Whatcom Creek. Between Lake Whatcom and Lake Padden is North Lookout Mountain, known locally as Galbraith Mountain, which is renowned for its many fine mountain bike trails.

In the waters of the Georgia Strait and Puget Sound it is possible to go whale watching. Several pods of orcas (killer whales) are known to travel from the open Pacific Ocean into the area, and families of these huge aquatic creatures can be seen swimming and hunting near the local bays and islands.

Bellis Fair, the city's main shopping mall, opened in 1988.

Transportation

Whatcom Transit bus in the Fairhaven District.

The Bellingham International Airport offers regularly scheduled commuter flights to and from Seattle and Friday Harbor, Washington, and regularly scheduled jet service to Los Angeles, San Diego, Oakland, and Palm Springs, California; Las Vegas, Nevada; Reno, Nevada, and Phoenix/Mesa, Arizona. In 2010 Alaska airlines began regularly scheduled direct flights to Hawaii. The airport is home of the first Air and Marine Operations Center,[62] to assist the US Department of Homeland Security with border surveillance.

Fairhaven Station provides Bellingham with regularly scheduled Amtrak Cascades passenger rail service to Seattle, Portland, Oregon and to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Whatcom Transportation Authority offers regular scheduled bus service throughout the Bellingham area, including service to Mt. Vernon.

The Fairhaven section of the city is the southern terminus of the Alaska Marine Highway. The ferry service offers vehicle and passenger service north to Ketchikan, Alaska and points north including Juneau and Haines. San Juan Cruises, located at the Alaska Ferry Terminal, provides seasonal passenger ferry service to the San Juan Islands / Friday Harbor.

Music scene

Being located on a major highway, halfway between two major cities, Bellingham has traditionally had a natural advantage of drawing many diverse and highly acclaimed acts to perform at various venues. The presence of a large university-age population has helped Bellingham in that it has been home to a number of regionally and nationally noted musical groups such as Death Cab for Cutie, Odesza, The Posies, Crayon, Idiot Pilot, Mono Men, No-Fi Soul Rebellion, Sculptured, Federation X, The Trucks, Black Eyes and Neckties, Black Breath,and Shook Ones. Local independent record labels include Estrus Records and Clickpop Records. The town is also home to What's Up! Magazine – a publication devoted to the local music scene for over 15 years, as well as being the hometown of the worldwide "Lemonade Magazine" which is devoted to music and entertainment of all kinds.[63]

Bellingham is also the home of an active classical music scene which includes the Whatcom Symphony Orchestra, North Sound Youth Symphony, numerous community music groups and choirs, and the internationally recognized Bellingham Festival of Music.

Literary scene

Bellingham is also home to an active writers community, both at the local universities and independent of them. Western Washington University's English Department publishes the Bellingham Review.[64] In 2011 the city hosted the first annual Chuckanut Writers Conference,[65] run by Whatcom Community College and Village Books,[66] a local bookstore. Clover, A Literary Rag, a publication of the Independent Writers' Studio, has produced 9 volumes since 2010.[67] The city is home to a number of well-known writers including Steve Martini, Clyde Ford, and George Dyson. Bellingham Public Library[68] provides free library services at the Central Library, Barkley Branch and Fairhaven Branch. Holds pickup is also available at the BTC, WCC and WWU Connections.

Local theater

Bellingham is home to a rich theater culture which is further boosted by the performing arts department at Western Washington University. There are several notable theaters and productions in Bellingham:

Activism

Bellingham is home to the longest-running Peace vigil in the US. Started by Howard and Rosemary Harris more than 48 years ago, it has seen more than 4 generations. It is held on the corner of Magnolia Street and Cornwall, in front of the Federal Building, every Friday starting at 4 pm and usually lasts until about 5 pm.[71][72]

International Day of Peace has been observed for the last six years by hundreds of participants. The event commemorates the United Nations' observance of September 21 as a day for international peace and cease-fire. Participants hold a rally at Maritime Heritage Park, and then marched to an event at First Congregational Church.[73][74]

The Whatcom Peace & Justice Center was founded in 2002 by local activists, and has been one of the most active such centers in the nation.[75][76]

Bellingham has a strong chapter of Code Pink,[77] Veterans For Peace,[78] and also a chapter of Iraq Veterans Against the War, Chapter #32.[79]

Bellingham has two strong chapters of Food Not Bombs. The Sunday chapter has been serving for more than ten years. Food is served Sundays at 4:00pm at the intersection of Railroad and Holly. The Friday chapter serves during Bellingham's Peace Vigil on Cornwall and Magnolia, also at 4:00.

In October 2006, the Bellingham City Council passed a Troops Home! resolution, making Bellingham the first city in the state of Washington to pass the resolution.[80] Two years later, the City Council passed a resolution urging elected representatives and the federal government to avoid war with Iran, becoming the first city in the state to do so.[81] More recently, in 2012, the City Council unanimously passed a resolution calling upon the federal government to overturn the Supreme Court's decision in the case of FEC v. Citizens United by declaring that U.S. Constitutional rights apply to natural persons and not to corporations.[82] In 2014, coinciding with Columbus Day that celebrates the arrival of European explorers, the City Council officially established Coast Salish Day to celebrate the Native American peoples who continue to call the geographic region their home.[83]

In 2015 the Seattle Arctic drilling protests spread to Bellingham when a protestor chained herself to the anchor chain of a Royal Dutch Shell ship for 63 hours.[84]

Future development

In March 2005, Kiplinger's Personal Finance named Bellingham one of the top retirement cities in the nation.[85] Purchase price of homes has risen and rents have stably risen for the last decade. Many of the condominiums recently built as a result of the demand for affordable housing have subsequently become rental units.

Bellingham has seen a resurgence of real-estate development as house prices climb, caused in part by new residents moving into the community. In order to accommodate this growth, new properties have sprung up all over the city, including the Downtown, Fairhaven, Happy Valley, Cordata, and Barkley neighborhoods. The city has reiterated their commitment to developing a wide range of housing options for all income categories, while retaining the integrity of existing communities. Annexation of surrounding rural lands has been kept to a minimum due to public concern for environmental preservation, but several controversies have risen over the city's decisions to counteract the loss of land by allowing taller buildings in the city core, major new development on previously undeveloped land, and a lack of parks and open spaces in some of the more recently developed areas.

Waterfront redevelopment

Main article: Bellingham Waterfront
The harbor of Bellingham, Washington, filled with logs, 1972

The Bellingham waterfront has served as an industrial center for the past century, most notably the area encompassing the former Georgia-Pacific mill. G-P purchased the Puget Sound Pulp and Timber Company in 1963 and operated a pulp mill on the central downtown waterfront until 2001. In 1965, G-P built a Chlor-Alkali facility, which became a source of mercury contamination in the Whatcom Waterway and on the uplands of the site for decades. The documentary film, "Smells Like Money – The Story of Bellingham's Georgia Pacific Plant" tells the story of the site, which has since been purchased by the Port of Bellingham chiefly to create a marina in the 37-acre (150,000 m2) wastewater lagoon. The Port of Bellingham purchased the G-P site for $10 with the understanding that the port would assume liability for the contamination. The City of Bellingham and the Port of Bellingham entered into several interlocal agreements in which the City agreed to pay for all infrastructure costs, and the Port would create a marina, clean up the site, and retain all zoning.

The City and Port have entered into a partnership to redevelop the property, which has been unofficially renamed New Whatcom[86] after the township of which the area was originally a part. A general plan for the city's waterfront was developed by the Waterfront Futures Group,[87] and the new Waterfront Advisory Group[88] has been convening to develop a more detailed plan focused on this particular site. The draft plan includes "a new city neighborhood with homes, shops, offices and light industry, as well as parks and promenades, a healthy shoreline habitat along Bellingham Bay..."

Some citizen groups have opposed the Port's plan, most notably the Bellingham Bay Foundation (formed in 2005).[89] During the summer of 2006, the Bellingham Bay Foundation formed People for a Healthy Bay[90] over a concern that many of the areas slated for development contained high mercury levels (as high as 12,500ppm in the soil under the former Chlor-Alkali facility). People for a Healthy Bay launched an initiative that would have required the City of Bellingham to advocate for removal of mercury to the highest practical level. The City successfully sued to keep the initiative off the ballot.

The Washington State Department of Ecology is currently reviewing public comment for the Port's cleanup documents of the Whatcom Waterway.

Ecology will host a second public comment period for the Cleanup Action Plan, at which time the specifics of the cleanup will be discussed and decided. The City of Bellingham and the Port of Bellingham will develop a Master Plan and implement tax increment financing for the City's portion of funding of infrastructure. Infrastructure alone is expected to cost roughly $200 million. Whatcom County has declined participation in the financing, citing unmet gaps in funding, a lack of benefit to the County, and the need for County taxes to go toward emergency, jail, and mental health services.

Sports

Club Sport League Stadium
Bellingham Bells Baseball West Coast Collegiate Baseball League Joe Martin Field
Bellingham Slam Basketball International Basketball League, West Conference Whatcom Pavilion
Bellingham Blazers Hockey Northern Pacific Hockey League Bellingham Sportsplex
Bellingham Roller Betties Roller derby WFTDA Whatcom Pavilion
Bellingham Bulldogs[91] Football Pacific Football League [92][93] Civic Field and Lummi High School
Bellingham United FC Soccer EPLWA Civic Field
Chuckanut Bay Geoducks Rugby Union Pacific Northwest Rugby Football Union Bellingham Rugby & Polo Fields
Whatcom Warriors Youth Ice Hockey PCAHA & PNAHA Bellingham Sportsplex
Bellingham Figure Skating Club Figure Skating USFSA Recreational and Competitive Club Bellingham Sportsplex
Bellingham Rapids Indoor Soccer PASL Bellingham Sportsplex

The people of Bellingham pursue a diverse range of amateur sports, with skiing and snowboarding at the Mount Baker Ski Area popular in the winter and kayaking and cycling in the summer. Mt. Baker claims an unofficial world record for seasonal snowfall, with 1,140 inches (29,000 mm) recorded in the 1998–1999 season.[94]

Western Washington University, located in Bellingham, is home to NCAA Division II National Women's Rowing Champions. Although always nationally ranked, the Lady Vikings, in 2005, became Western's very first NCAA champion team and won again in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, and 2011. The 2011-2012 Western Men's Basketball team won the NCAA Division II National Championship. .

Western Washington University also operates a successful collegiate road cycling program that took top-5 positions nationwide at the 2006 nationals.[95]

Future Hall of Famer Ken Griffey Jr. began his professional career with the Bellingham Mariners. He played in the Northwest League on the team based in Bellingham.[96]

Media

Newspapers

The Bellingham Herald is published daily in Bellingham. Other newspapers include Bellingham Business News Cascadia Weekly,[97] The Western Front,[98] Whatcom Watch,[99] the AS Review,[100] and The Bellingham Business Journal.[101]

Television

Bellingham and Whatcom County are part of the Seattle television market. The area has had exceptionally early and strong penetration of cable television since the 1950s, and there have never been any local translators of the major Seattle TV stations.

Stations in Vancouver, Canada, can be viewed over the air with a suitable antenna, but those in Seattle are too distant to receive in most locations in the county. Whatcom County residents can also receive CBC and CTV stations via cable service.

The City of Bellingham also operates a public access channel available to Comcast cable customers on Channel 10.[102]

Magazines

AM radio

Frequency (kHz) Call Sign kW (day) kW (night) Owner
790 KGMI 5 1 Saga Communications
930 KBAI 1 0.5 Saga Communications
1170 KPUG 10 5 Saga Communications

FM radio

Frequency (mHz) Call Sign kW Owner
89.3 KUGS 0.1 Western Washington University
91.7 KZAZ 0.12 Washington State University
92.9 KISM 50 Saga Communications
102.3 KMRE-LP 0.1 American Museum of Radio and Electricity
104.1 KAFE 60 Saga Communications
106.5 KWPZ 63 Crista Ministries

Notable people

Sister cities

Bellingham maintains sister city relationships with five Pacific Rim port cities and Vaasa, Finland.[109][110]

City State / Prefecture / Region Country Year
Tateyama Chiba  Japan 1958
Port Stephens  New South Wales  Australia 1982
Nakhodka Primorsky Krai  Russia 1989
Punta Arenas Magallanes and Antártica Chilena  Chile 1996
Cheongju Chungcheongbuk-do  South Korea 2008
Vaasa Ostrobothnia  Finland 2009
Tsetserleg Arkhangai  Mongolia 2011

Tateyama and Port Stephens are also sister cities with each other.

Bellingham Sister Cities Association is very active in promoting Bellingham's sister city relationships and is very well supported by the community. The relationship with Tateyama, the oldest relationship (which celebrated its 50th year in 2008), is the most active and includes regular events such as an annual city hall staff exchange and community cultural visits. Tateyama frequently fields a team for the annual Ski to Sea race, or at minimum has representation in the Ski to Sea parade.

Notes

  1. 1 2 "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
  2. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
  3. 1 2 "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
  4. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  5. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  6. ↑ "QuickFacts". U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
  7. ↑ Hitchman, Robert (1985). Place Names of Washington. Washington State Historical Society. p. 18. ISBN 0-917048-57-1.
  8. ↑ Southcott, Bonnie Hart (October 20, 2003). "Mines faced disasters, financial woes". The Bellingham Herald. Retrieved March 10, 2008.
  9. ↑ Stark, John (March 2, 2008). "Beneath the city of Bellingham lie the memories of the mines" (–Scholar search). The Bellingham Herald. Retrieved March 10, 2008.Burkhart, Brendan (2003). "Postcards and Dead Fish: The Capitalism and the Construction of Place, Bellingham, Washington, 1918–1927". Occasional Papers (Center for Pacific Northwest Studies). Retrieved March 10, 2008.. The coal mines are described in 1 – "Introduction" and 5 – "Claiming the Nature of Place".
  10. ↑ "History of Bellingham". Bellingham-subdued-excitement.com. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  11. ↑ Vanderway, Richard. "Brisk debate preceded consolidation in Whatcom communities | Local History". The Bellingham Herald. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  12. ↑ Library Of Congress Engineering Record
  13. ↑ Library Of Congress
  14. ↑ Paul Englesberg, "The 1907 Bellingham Riot and Anti-Asian Hostilities in the Pacific Northwest." online
  15. ↑ "Bellingham, WA – May 2007 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates". U.S. Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
  16. ↑ "Washington". bls.gov. September 9, 2008. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  17. ↑ "Chapter Seven – Economics" (PDF). Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan; January 2005. Planning Services Division, Whatcom County. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
  18. ↑ "Chapter Three – Housing" (PDF). Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan; January 2005. Planning Services Division, Whatcom County. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
  19. ↑ "Whatcom County Real Estate Research Report". Washington State University College of Business; Washington Center for Real Estate Research. 2007. Archived from the original on June 23, 2008. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
  20. ↑ "City of Bellingham 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report" (PDF). Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  21. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  22. ↑ "Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress".
  23. ↑ "Top 101 cities with the lowest average sunshine amount (population 50,000+)". City-data.com. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  24. ↑ Extensive historical weather data for Bellingham can be found at http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=61737&refer= Weatherbase.com.
  25. ↑ "Fall_2006_Bellingham.mpg - YouTube". Video.google.com. April 25, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  26. ↑ "NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
  27. ↑ "WA Bellingham INTL AP". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
  28. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  29. ↑ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved July 31, 2013.
  30. ↑ http://www.bham.wednet.edu/schools/schools.htm
  31. ↑ "Whatcom Day Academy". privateschoolreview.com. March 19, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  32. ↑ "St. Paul's Academy". privateschoolreview.com. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  33. ↑ "Assumption Catholic School". privateschoolreview.com. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  34. ↑ "Whatcom Community College : Home". ctc.edu. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  35. ↑ "Bellingham Technical College". ctc.edu. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  36. ↑ "Complete Listing of Washington Bellingham Colleges". uscollegesearch.org. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  37. ↑ "Campus Locations". twu.ca. Trinity Western University. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  38. ↑ "Evergreen Team Concepts". etcwa.com. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  39. ↑ "Office of the Mayor - City of Bellingham, WA". Cob.org. April 27, 2007. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  40. 1 2 "City Council - City of Bellingham, WA". Cob.org. April 27, 2007. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  41. ↑ Archived June 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  42. ↑ "Washington – Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by State by City, 2010". Federal Bureau of Investigation. 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
  43. ↑ Archived February 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
  44. ↑ "Run the Bay... Bellingham Bay Marathon | Bellingham Bay Marathon, Half Marathon & 5K". Bellinghambaymarathon.org. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
  45. ↑ "Bellingham Scottish Highland Games". bhga.org. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  46. ↑
  47. ↑ "Whatcom Human Rights Task Force". Whrtf.org. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
  48. ↑ "2016 - LinuxFest Northwest 2016". linuxfestnorthwest.org. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  49. ↑ "Calendar". Whatcom Peace & Justice Center. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  50. ↑ "Bellingham Festival of Music - Homepage of the Bellingham Festival of Music". bellinghamfestival.org. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  51. ↑ "Featured Content on Myspace". Myspace. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  52. ↑ "The Wig Out Blog". Thewigout.com. June 14, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  53. ↑ "Imperial Sovereign Court of the Evergreen Empire". Evergreenempire.org. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  54. ↑ "Bellingham tops list of snobby beer cities". The Bellingham Herald. 13 July 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  55. ↑ "Top 10 (or so) events for Bellingham Beer Week". The Bellingham Herald. 10 September 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  56. ↑ "Bellingham Ranked as 8th Best Downtown in 2014". Retrieved September 24, 2014.
  57. ↑ Bellingham Farmers Market
  58. ↑ Laura Johanson. "Welcome to the Whatcom Museum". whatcommuseum.org. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  59. ↑ "SPARK Museum of Electrical Invention in Bellingham, WA". Sparkmuseum.org. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  60. ↑ "MINDPORT EXHIBITS". mindport.org. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  61. ↑ "Whatcom County - Whatcom Falls Park in Bellingham, WA". kulshan.com. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  62. ↑ ICE launches first northern border Air Marine Branch – CBP.gov
  63. ↑ "What's Up Magazine". Retrieved January 15, 2009.
  64. ↑ "Bellingham Review". Bellingham Review. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  65. ↑ "Chuckanut Writers Conference". chuckanutwritersconference.com. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  66. ↑ "Building Community One Book at a Time | Three Floors of New, Used and Bargain Books". Village Books. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
  67. ↑ "Local news from Bellingham, Whatcom County, WA | BellinghamHerald.com". www.bellinghamherald.com. Retrieved 2015-05-31.
  68. ↑ "Bellingham Public Library - City of Bellingham, WA". bellinghampubliclibrary.org. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  69. ↑ Mount Baker Theater
  70. ↑ "Ryan Stiles' The Upfront Theatre -". theupfront.com. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  71. ↑ "悠香のお茶石鹸『茶のしずく』- お試し【初回限定特別価格】". Bellinghampeace.org. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  72. ↑ Friday Peace Demos (2007) – The NW Fellowship of Reconciliation Meet Up Group (Seattle, WA) – Meetup.com
  73. ↑ United for Peace & Justice: Events
  74. ↑ Bellingham, Whatcom County Local News | Bellingham Herald
  75. ↑ http://www.bellinghampeace.org/press/02_12center.html
  76. ↑ Whatcom Peace & Justice Center | October 27
  77. ↑ CodePINK Bellingham
  78. ↑ "Veterans For Peace Chapter 111". Veterans For Peace Chapter 111. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  79. ↑ "Hiring for an Administrative Assistant in NY". ivaw.org. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  80. ↑ "Council Minutes for September 25, 2006 City of Bellingham, WA". cob.org. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  81. ↑ "Cities for Peace - IPS". Citiesforprogress.org. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  82. ↑ "Bellingham council approves anti-Citizens United resolution". Bellingham Herald. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
  83. ↑ "Bellingham Unanimously Votes to Recognize Coast Salish Day". Indian Country Today Media Network.com. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  84. ↑ "Arctic drilling update: Protester leaves Shell ship after hanging on since Friday; Student activist Chiara D'Angelo, who has been hanging off the anchor chain of an Arctic oil-drilling support ship since Friday night, has ended her protest", Christian Science Monitor, May 25, 2015, retrieved May 27, 2015
  85. ↑ Esswein, Pat Mertz; Franklin, Mary Beth; Rheault, Magali. "12 Great Places to Retire". Kiplinger.com. Archived from the original on December 7, 2006. Retrieved November 10, 2006.
  86. ↑ "Games or what". newwhatcom.org. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  87. ↑ "Waterfront District - City of Bellingham, WA". cob.org. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  88. ↑ "Office of the Mayor - City of Bellingham, WA". Cob.org. April 27, 2007. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  89. ↑ "自動車保険の支払方法". bbayf.org. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  90. ↑ Cleanup Comes First!
  91. ↑ Bellingham Bulldogs (2008). "Bellingham Bulldogs Semi-Pro Football". Archived from the original on March 23, 2008. Retrieved March 19, 2008.. Team's official website.
  92. ↑ Bellingham Bulldogs (2008). "The EFL". Archived from the original on March 22, 2008. Retrieved March 19, 2008.. League information on team's official website.
  93. ↑ Evergreen Football League (2008). "Evergreen Football League, Real Men, Real Football". Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved March 19, 2008.. League's official website.
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  98. ↑ "The Western Front". The Western Front. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
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  100. ↑ "Associated Students • AS Review • Home". wwu.edu. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  101. ↑ The Bellingham Business Journal.
  102. ↑ https://www.cob.org/services/education/btv10
  103. ↑ http://bellinghamontap.com
  104. ↑ "Home - North Sound Life". North Sound Life. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  105. ↑ "What's Up! Magazine - Bellingham’s Music Magazine since 1998". whatsup-magazine.com. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  106. ↑ "The Betty Pages". The Betty Pages. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  107. ↑ "Bible Study Magazine". Bible Study Magazine. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
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  109. ↑ "Bellingham Sister Cities". Bellingham Sister Cities Association. Archived from the original on July 4, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  110. ↑ "Online Directory: Washington, USA". Sister Cities International. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2008.

Further reading

Historical

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bellingham, Washington.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Bellingham, Washington.

Coordinates: 48°45′01″N 122°28′30″W / 48.750178°N 122.474975°W / 48.750178; -122.474975

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